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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2162571
DEVICE FOR HEATING FLUID
Name of the inventor: Yuri S. Potapov (MD); Sapogin LG (RU); Tolmachev GF (RU)
The name of the patentee: Yuri S. Potapov (MD); Sapogin Leo G. (RU); Tolmachev Gennady Fedorovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 115230, Moscow, Kashirskoye sh. 05/01/66, VG Kopaev
Starting date of the patent: 2000.06.09
The invention relates to a power system and can be used in liquid heating devices. Apparatus for heating liquid comprising a heat generator, consisting of a body having a cylindrical portion, and fluid motion of the accelerator, is constructed as a cyclone, a pump connected to the injection nozzle by means of heat source and heat exchange system. The injection nozzle is installed at least one insert, made in the form of a perforated septum. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the heating fluid.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a power system and can be used in liquid heating devices used mainly for different heating systems of buildings and structures.
The closest in technical essence to the claimed one is the apparatus for heating liquid comprising a heat source consisting of a body having a cylindrical portion, and the accelerator liquid movement is constructed as a cyclone, a pump connected to the heat generator by the injection nozzle, and heat exchange system coupled to the output pipe and the heat source to the pump (see. patent RF N 2045715, cl. the F 25 B 29/00, publ. 1995). In the known apparatus a cylindrical housing portion of the heat generator in a portion adjacent to the outlet nozzle is arranged the first braking device and a heat source is provided a bypass pipe connecting the cyclone with an outlet, while in the bypass pipe at a portion adjacent to the cyclone, taken by the second braking device .
A disadvantage of the known device is not sufficiently high heating efficiency, because it uses a liquid heating incompletely opportunities offered by way of using a vortex movement of the fluid.
Object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of heating fluid, while maintaining high operational reliability of the liquid heating apparatus.
The solution of this problem is provided by the new device heating the water containing the heat source consisting of a body having a cylindrical portion, and the accelerator liquid movement is constructed as a cyclone, a pump connected to the heat generator by the injection nozzle, and the heat transfer system connected to the outlet pipe of the heat generator and pump, wherein in the injection nozzle ustanovlena at least one insert, made in the form of a perforated partition, wherein the first insert is preferably installed at a distance of 20-150 mm from the outlet of the injection nozzle; perforations in the partition wall to perform a circular holes which are uniformly distributed over the entire surface of the baffle; perforation hole diameter is 0.5-5 mm; the thickness of the perforated baffle is 0.5-50 mm; perform perforated baffle made of insulating material or of aluminum and its alloys.
The tests of the prototype of the claimed liquid heating apparatus in which the injection nozzle perforated partition of insulating material has been installed, have shown that the liquid heating efficiency greatly increased for the same pump power as compared with the corresponding device did not have the partition in the injection nozzle. An explanation of the observed phenomena additional heating fluid, which has been used as water, can be obtained by considering the process of passing a high-speed flow of water through a hole in the partition wall made of insulating material. When swirling flow of water near the inlet edge formed by a plurality of cavitation bubbles which swell and then combined into a single toroidal cavity, which pulsates around septum inlet edge under the influence of pulsations in the incoming flow created by the pump. Formed around the toroidal cavity circulates the water flow caused by a turbulent swirl inlet opening. At the exit of the hole and there is swirl flow, however, the toroidal cavity is not formed because there is no amplification of cavitation caused by pulsations of the pump. In addition, there is a winding stream of water relative to the bore axis to form a vortex, perform a useful function. Vortex flow stabilizes the toroidal cavity, keeping it from demolition and excessive bloat inside. At the same time the axial vortex flow at the inlet of the hole has a significant influence on the course of nuclear reactions occurring in the toroidal cavity. Thus, in the toroidal cavity diametre of 1 mm therein an electric field with difference of potential of 100 kV, the positive charge generated at the edge of the hole, while the electric field is 10 8 V / m, which ensures ignition of the electric discharge in the cavity. However, the average discharge current is limited to low electrical conductivity of water, in which the discharge current circuit, and not more than 1 pA. Bits in the toroidal cavity have the form of a very short pulse (several nanoseconds), while in between there is an accumulation of charges on opposite sides of the cavity, which pulsates with a resonant frequency of the ultrasonic field (approximately 5 kHz). In such micropulsations in a toroidal cavity there is a periodic change in the pressure in the cavity, followed by the completion of its negatively charged molecules of water vapor, and the positive ions remain on the surface of the insulating walls, adding to its power. Thus, close to each hole walls formed toroidal throbbing cavern, surrounded by a swirl and filled with a gas, in which a high frequency of repeated electrical discharges, accompanied by nuclear reactions, and the resonance ultrasonic field between the wall and the pump provides continuous pumping of energy into the cavity, where it occurs it transformation and concentration. These phenomena and provide additional heating of the fluid as it passes through the perforated partition in the injection nozzle. Form openings in the partition can be arbitrary, for example, holes can be made in the form of squares, triangles, parallelograms, polygons, etc. Preferably, however, to perform round holes uniformly distributed over the surface of the baffle, because in this case the manufacturing process is most technologically partitions. The total surface area of the holes is typically 40-60% of the total surface of the partition (cross-sectional area of the injection nozzle in place septum placement). Since the injection nozzle has a tapered end surface of the partitions for better connections with pipe runs with a bevel. The barrier may be formed in a grid. The partitions are made of an arbitrary electrical insulating material such as glass, PCB, rubber, glass fiber and carbon etc. The partition preferably made of metal having corrosion resistance, which is formed on the surface of a stable oxide film, for example of aluminum or its alloys. Carried out on experimental samples of the claimed device experiments allowed to establish the optimal parameters of perforated baffles. Thus, the diameter of each hole in the perforated partition must be 0.5-5 mm. When the diameter of the hole is less than 0.5 mm was observed the formation of toroidal cavities, and in the hole diameter greater than 5 mm, polozhenie caverns became unstable, and they were carried away by liquid flow. The thickness of the walls should be in the range of 0.5-50 mm. With a thickness of less than 0.5 mm septum occurs flow of opposite charges to the opposing surfaces of walls and cavity collapse. When the thickness of the walls of more than 50 mm there is no torsion of the electric fields along the hole, and it interferes with the process of the formation of cavities. The distance between the perforated baffle and the outlet of the injection nozzle should be in the range of 20-150 mm. For distances less than 20 mm vortex formed at the outlet of the holes, become unstable, and are carried to a cyclone, which leads to the destruction of toroidal cavities, and at distances exceeding 150 mm, may form a reverse electric potential and leading to the destruction of the cavities. When placed in an injection nozzle inserts several distance between them should be at least 20 mm, since otherwise, their mutual influence is observed, resulting in decrease in the overall efficiency of the heating.
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Apparatus for heating fluid operates as follows. The pump 11, pressurized (6.4 atm) pumps the water injection nozzle 3 in a heat generator. When passing through the opening 9 of the perforated baffle 8, installed in the injection pipe 3, the formation of a number of toroidal cavities, near the input pulse edges of the holes 9 in the cavity with a high frequency of repeated electrical discharges, and out of the holes 9 of the perforated baffle 8 comes pre-heated water. The vortex heat-generator by accelerating the liquid in the cyclone 2 to the subsequent change in the speed and the overflow openings change in the kinetic energy of the fluid in the brake system 4, 5 takes place further heating the water which enters the heat exchanger system 12 for heating or structures.
The company JSC "Space-humanity" (Moscow) was the prototype of the claimed device for heating water using a pump brand ECV 12-160-65 and heat generator TG-5M. The injection nozzle was installed insert, made of rubber, designed as a perforated septum, perforation holes whose diameter was 2.5 mm, the total perforation hole area of 55% of the cross sectional area in the nozzle insertion site placement. The baffle was fixed with pins at a distance of 80 mm from the outlet of the injection nozzle. The total heat output of the device was 10140 kcal / h, which is more than 1.5 times the thermal performance of a similar device in which the insert is missing. In addition, the operational reliability of the claimed device remained at a high level, because it compared to the known device used only one additional static element.
CLAIM
Device for heating a liquid, comprising a heat source consisting of a body having a cylindrical portion, and the accelerator liquid movement is constructed as a cyclone, a pump connected to the heat generator by the injection nozzle, and the heat transfer system connected to the outlet pipe of the heat generator and the pump, wherein that it additionally introduced at least one insert is designed as a perforated baffle installed in the injection nozzle.
The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first insert is mounted at a distance of 20 - 150 mm from the outlet of the injection nozzle.
Apparatus according to claim. 1, characterized in that the perforations in the partition are formed as circular holes equally spaced around the entire surface of the baffle.
Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the perforations is 0.5 - 5 mm.
The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the perforated partition is 0.5 - 50 mm.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the perforated partition is made of insulating material.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the perforated partition is made of aluminum or its alloys.
print version
Publication date 07.12.2006gg
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