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THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING LIQUID MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2165054

ALTERNATIVE WAY OF RECEIVING HEAT

The name of the inventor: Potapov Yuri Semenovich (MD); Fominskiy Leonid Pavlovich (UA); Tolmachev G.F. (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Potapov Yuri Semenovich (MD); Tolmachev Gennady Fedorovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 143500, Moscow Region, Istra, ul. Lenina 10, ap. 9, Tolmachev G.F.
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.06.16

Heat, which heats water, is obtained by forming a vortex flow of water and providing a cavitation flow of its flow during resonant amplification of the resulting sound vibrations in this stream and by feeding water into the stream at a temperature of 63-90 ° C. Preliminary heating of water to 63 ° C is recommended to be carried out by heat obtained by the same method when water circulates in a closed loop without taking out the heat it receives. The cavitation flow regime of the vortex flow with resonant amplification of the sound vibrations arising in this stream is ensured by selecting the water head, the rotation speed of the pump supplying water to the vortex heat generator, or by selecting the length of the water column in front of the spinneret or in the vortex tube of the vortex heat generator. The use of the invention will increase efficiency, simplify the technology of water treatment and reduce the radiation hazard of personnel exposure to ionizing radiation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to methods for obtaining heat generated differently from combustion of fuels.

Known are frictional methods for obtaining heat for heating liquids, consisting in the fact that heat is obtained as a result of friction against each other and / or the liquid of solids driven in a vessel with a liquid. For example, A.S. USSR N 1627790, MKI F 24 J 3/00, Bul. N 6, 1991 .

There are also known hydrodynamic (jet) methods of heating liquids, in which heat is produced by the action of liquid jets on each other or on mechanical obstacles placed on the path of jets. In this case, part of the kinetic energy of the jet is transformed into heat both by the friction of its flow against the obstacle and by shock effects during cavitation processes that arise in this case / Akunov V. Jet mills. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1967, - 269 p. /.

A disadvantage of these methods is that , because of the low efficiency of the equipment used and the energy losses, the output of the thermal energy carried away by the heated liquid is lower than the electrical or mechanical energy consumed by the pump that pumps the liquid into the device for carrying out the method. That is, the heating efficiency is less than unity.

In recent years, a number of methods for obtaining heat have been developed, the efficiency of which exceeds unity. The most effective of them is the method described in AI Koldamasov, Journal of Technical Physics, 1991, vol. 60, No. 2, p. 188-190 . It consists in adding up to 1% of heavy (deuterium) water to the water, purified from salts to resistivity of 10 11 - 10 14 Ohm · m (the operation of adding heavy water is described in the publication / A. Koldamasov, Nuclear reactor on the table - "Technique-youth", 2000 N 1, pp. 13 /) and with the help of a gear pump developing a pressure of up to 7 MPa, this water is injected and a chamber (a section of a pipe of glass or plexiglass) attached to the pump in which is installed Liner of plexiglass or other dielectric material with a hole (dies) in it, coaxial with the axis of the chamber and having a diameter of 1 - 2 mm. Passing under pressure through the spinneret, the water spontaneously swirls into a turbulent flow. At the same time cavitation occurs at the edges of the hole. It is strengthened by selecting the speed of rotation of the gear pump such that the jolts in the water that occur when each pair of teeth of the pump gears are closed and repeating at a frequency of 1-5 kHz come into resonance with the own sound vibrations of the water column between the pump and the liner. At the same time, glow appears at the edges of the orifice of the spinner, due to electrical phenomena accompanying cavitation. From the luminescence region, X-rays emit, whose dose rate directly near the chamber reaches 1 μR / s at energy - quanta up to 0.3 MeV, and neutron radiation with neutron flux density near the surface of the chamber (at a distance of ~ 10 cm from the spinneret) to 40 cm -2 / s at a neutron energy of up to 3 MeV.

The latter circumstance indicates that nuclear reactions occur between the nuclei of deuterium atoms in the luminescence region

2 D + 2 D ---> 3 He + n + 3.26 MeV (1)

The water after the spinner is heated to 80-90 ° C, while water is supplied to the pump inlet at room temperature. The water calorimetry at the inlet and outlet of the described device shows that with a power consumption of 10 kW the water leaving the nozzle carries with it up to 200 kW of thermal power.

The appearance of additional heat, the amount of which according to the publication / A. Koldamasov, "Technique-Youth," 2000, No. 1, p. 13 / is almost 20 times higher than the amount of heat that could be obtained by transforming the mechanical energy of the water movement of the pump into heat, can only be explained by the energy release of nuclear reactions proceeding with this method. But when neutrons exit with a total intensity of ~ 10 3 s -1 , recorded experimentally, the yield of thermal energy obtained by nuclear reaction (1), according to the equation of this reaction, can not exceed 5 · 10 -10 W. This suggests that the appearance of additional heat can not be explained solely by reaction (1). It is not ruled out that other nuclear reactions are also taking place that are not accompanied by neutron radiation, but produce additional heat. More details about what kind of nuclear reactions can take place under these conditions, says the book / Potapov Yu.S., Fominskiy LP. Vortex energy and cold nuclear fusion from the perspective of the theory of motion. - Chisinau - Cherkasy: "Oko-Plus", 04.01.2000, with. 280-283, 397).

The hot water coming from the described device is directed to the heat exchanger, where the heat is removed from it, for example, in the form of warm water for heating the rooms or by evaporating ammonia to bring it into the rotation of the turbogenerator that generates secondary electricity. A high-purity chilled water in the heat exchanger is sent to the post-treatment with ion-exchange resins and returned in a closed loop into a vessel from which it is again pumped by means of a pump into the chamber with a spinneret.

The disadvantage of the described method is the need to constantly purify the water circulating in a closed loop in order to maintain its specific resistance in the range of 10 11 to 10 14 Ohm · m. And the ion exchange resins, with which the post-treatment is carried out, do not tolerate high temperatures. Therefore, the water before addition to the post-treatment device is further cooled to room temperature, or tends to cool it to such a temperature already in the heat exchanger, by which the heat generated is directed from it to the useful use. For this, low-boiling liquids, such as ammonia or freon, are used as the coolant of the secondary circuit. Cooling the water in the heat exchanger to room temperature also leads to a reduction in the consumption of high purity water in the operating circuit, which reduces the load on the water purification device.

Another drawback of the known method is an increased level of neutron and X-ray radiation, making this method radiation-hazardous and requiring the presence of biological protection against ionizing radiation. A decrease in the yield of neutrons is observed with a decrease in the addition of heavy water to the high-purity water used in the described method. But at the same time, the output of heat is reduced.

The closest to the claimed prior art solution (prototype) is the method for obtaining heat described in RF patent No. 2,045,715, MKI 7 F 25 B 29/00, author Potapov Yu.S., published 10.10.95 in Bul. N 28. According to this method, water of any purity (for example, technical) by means of a pump developing a pressure of up to 5 to 6 atm is fed to the vortex tube inlet similar to the famous Ranke vortex tube described in US patent No. 1952281 of 1934. With the help of Of the input cochlea of ​​the vortex tube, water is spun into a whirlwind flow, which is directed into the cylindrical part of the vortex tube, where water moves, rapidly rotating, from its cold inlet to the hot end. In the hot end of the vortex tube, before its outlet opening, a brake device is installed having several ribs radial to the axis of the tube, which are fixed to the central bush coaxially with the pipe. When braking the rotation of the vortex flow of water on the ribs of the braking device, cavitation occurs. The sound vibrations accompanying it amplify at frequencies resonant with the natural frequencies of the sound oscillations of the water column in the cylindrical part of the vortex tube, as in the resonator. At the same time, cavitation increases and there is developed sonoluminescence. As a result of these effects, and because of friction against the wall of the pipe and the braking device, water is heated and at the outlet of the vortex tube its temperature rises up to the boiling point of the water. At the same time, the electric power consumption of the electric motor of the pump supplying water to the vortex tube is only 0,7 - 0,8 kW per kW of heat output, carried away by hot water. This indicates that in the described heat generator, put on series production at a number of CIS enterprises and manufactured there in several modifications for heating residential and industrial premises and obtaining hot water for domestic and technological needs, nuclear fusion reactions that lead to the appearance of additional Heat. But the registered output of neutrons in the operation of the Potapov vortex heat generator does not exceed the level of the natural background, and the level of the dose of ionizing radiation in the immediate vicinity of the vortex tube of heat generators does not much exceed the level of the natural background and 3 to 4 times lower than the dose of NRB-87 For people who are not involved in their professional activities with ionizing radiation. This ensures radiation safety when using Potapov heat generators. Calculations of the energy yield of nuclear reactions in a vortex tube of a heat generator, performed in the book / Potapov Yu.S., Fominsky LP Vortex energy and cold nuclear fusion from the perspective of the theory of motion. - Chisinau-Cherkasy: "Oko-Plus", 04.01.2000, with. 160 - 163 /, confirm the receipt of the indicated amounts of additional heat at a given measured output -radiation.

Hot water coming out of the vortex tube of the heat generator, or directly delivered to the consumer of hot water (in showers, kitchens, sinks, etc.), or removed from it by heat with a heat exchanger, and the water itself is returned in a closed loop to the inlet of the pump for re-use Feeding it into the vortex tube of the heat source. In the first case, there is no need for a heat exchanger and the heat utilization factor is increased. Therefore, consumers often use the first scheme, which is simpler in execution. With it, fresh water, which has room or lower temperature (the temperature of tap water), is always fed to the input of the heat generator pump.

A disadvantage of the described known method is the comparatively low efficiency of water heating. So, according to the data of the long experience of operation of the Yusmar vortex heat generators (TU U24070270,001-96), for which there is a certificate of Ross RU MHOZ S00039 dated January 3, 1998, the ratio of the heat output produced by these heat generators to the electric power consumed by them (called ), Does not exceed 1.7, which is much lower than the efficiency of the experimental installation of Koldamasov, described above, but not delivered because of its shortcomings in series production.

The efficiency of water heating by a vortex heat generator is slightly increased when heavy water is added to the water used in it, as described in Bazhutov YN, Koretsky VP, Kuznetsov AB, Potapov YS, Nikitsky VP, Nevezhin NY, Saunin EE, Kordukevich VO, Titenkov AF, / / ICCF-6, October 1996, Japan, p. 387-391).

But an increase in heat yield is accompanied by an increase in the yield of neutrons from the vortex tube to a value exceeding the natural background. This increases the radiation hazard of the heat generator and requires the use of additives of expensive and scarce heavy water.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The basis of the proposed invention is the task in the method for obtaining heat by changing and refining the temperature range of the water used to generate heat, increasing the efficiency of heat generation and reducing the radiation hazard of neutron irradiation while simplifying the technological process of water treatment.

The stated task is achieved by the fact that in a known method of obtaining heat by supplying water to a vortex heat generator, forming a vortex flow of water therein and providing a cavitational flow regime for a vortex flow under resonant amplification of the sound vibrations arising in this stream, followed by the withdrawal of heat generated in the vortex heat generator from the outgoing Flow of water to the consumer, wherein the temperature of the preheated water supplied to the vortex heat generator is 63-90 ° C., preferably 63-70 ° C.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the preheating of water to a temperature of 63 ° C is effected by heat obtained by the same method when the water circulates through a closed loop without taking away the heat it receives.

On the basis of experimental data, it was found that with a gradual increase in the temperature of the water supplied to the inlet of the vortex tube of the heat generator, the efficiency of its generation of heat increases abruptly when reaching a temperature of 63 ° C and remains as high as the temperature of the water supplied to the vortex tube inlet increases further, To a temperature of 90 ° C (see test report). This leads to a reduction in electricity consumption by the electric motor of the heat generator pump. The observed effect is apparently due to the fact that at a temperature of about 60 ° C there are extrema on the graphs of the dependence on the temperature of the adiabatic compressibility of water and the speed of sound in it. (See, for example, Domrachev, GA et al., "Journal of Physical Chemistry", 1992, vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 851 - 855). If this temperature is exceeded, these values ​​begin to change with increasing temperature in the opposite direction than before this temperature. In addition, the same publication points out that as the water temperature rises, less ice-like molecular associates (H 2 O) n remain at it and at 65 ° C all of them are broken thermal motion of the molecules. All this, apparently, somehow reduces the probability of a nuclear reaction in the water (1) and increases the probability of nuclear reactions in it:

P + 1 H + e - -> 2 D + +1.953 MeV (2)

and

2 D + P -> 3 He + +5.49 MeV (3)

or

2 D + e - + P -> 3 T + +5.98 MeV (4)

Nuclear reactions (2) and (4) were not previously known to physicists and were first described in the book / Potapov Yu.S., Fominsky LP. Vortex energy and cold nuclear fusion from the perspective of the theory of motion, - Chisinau-Cherkasy: "Oko-Plus", 2000, - 387 p. /.

As a result of reaction (2), accompanied by neutrino emission , Deuterons 2 D are produced from the nuclei of protium atoms 1 H, protons P and electrons e - contained in water molecules. The resulting deuterons are partially consumed in reactions (3) and (4), which result in the formation of the nuclei of helium-3 and tritium atoms 3 T remaining in the water together with the remaining deuterons. And born neutrinos and rigid - quanta with energies up to 5.49 MeV are emitted from water. The nuclear reactions (2) and (3) and are, apparently, the main source of additional heat generated by the heat generator and going to heat water, tk. In reaction (4), almost all the energy of this reaction is carried away by the emitted neutrinos, which are practically not retained by the substance and escape through the water, the walls of the apparatus and any obstacles. It can be assumed that the rate of nuclear reactions (2) and (3), leading to the production of non-radioactive deuterium and helium-3, increases especially with increasing water temperature above 63 ° C. At the same time, the probability of nuclear reaction (1), accompanied by radiation of neutrons that are especially dangerous for human health, remains small.

Hard - the emission of 5,49 MeV quanta produced in the nuclear reaction (3) was recorded experimentally with the operation of a vortex heat generator on ordinary water / Potapov Yu.S., Fominsky LP Vortex energy and refrigeration nuclear fusion from the perspective of the theory of motion. -Chisinau-Cheboksary: ​​2000, - 387 p. /. But these -quantities create a low level of the dose of ionizing radiation even directly next to the vortex tube of the heat generator, since they have a large mean free path in water and in air. Therefore, an increase in the intensity of nuclear reactions (3) in the implementation of the proposed invention, although accompanied by a certain increase in the dose of ionizing radiation, but it is still not exceeding the maximum permissible radiation safety standards for population not connected in their vortex tubes with vortex tubes Professional activity with ionizing radiation. The intensity of neutron radiation from the vortex tube, however, practically does not increase and remains at the level of the natural background.

The proposed invention is also eliminated from the need to add heavy water to the water used in the operation of the Koldamasov heat generator, making it workable when working on ordinary high purity distilled water and thereby simplifying the water treatment technology. At the same time, the yield of neutron radiation during the operation of the Koldamasov installation decreases to the level of the natural background, thus reducing the radiation hazard. All this ensures achievement of the stated task of the invention.

The lower limit of the recommended temperature range of 63 ° C for water supplied to the vortex flow is chosen for the reasons that a rise in efficiency is not observed at water temperatures below 63 ° C. The upper limit is limited only by the boiling point of water, since up to the boiling point the efficiency of the heat generator remains as high as at 63 ° C. But, the closer the temperature of the water supplied to the vortex flow to its boiling temperature, The temperature range for heating this water with the heat produced, and the more water is required for removal from the heat generator of the generated heat. And this, when carrying out the methods in the Koldamasov device, leads to an increase in the required pump power and an increase in the cost of high-purity water. And the capacity of the spinneret in this device is limited. For these reasons, the recommended temperature range for the water supplied to the vortex flow is limited to 70 ° C. at the top.

Recommended by the second clause of the invention for preheating water to a temperature of 63 ° C with the heat generated in the same heat generator when the water circulates therein in a closed loop without removing the heat it receives from it allows to avoid the need for additional heating sources (electric heaters or others) Which simplifies the technological scheme of water preparation and the design of the plant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

To obtain heat by the proposed method, the following operations are carried out:

1. Take ordinary water of technological or other purity. Water of increased purity, having a resistivity of 10 11 - 10 14 Ohm · m, is used only in the implementation of the method with the help of the Koldamasov device described in / ZhTF, 1991, Vol. 61, No. 2, p. 188 - 190 / or similar to it.

2. Preheat the prepared water to 63 - 70 o C. Heating can be done by an electric heater operating by means of Joule heat release, or by using any other heat source. But it is better to heat the water with the heat obtained by the proposed method while circulating this water along a closed circuit without taking away the heat it receives.

3. Fill the pre-heated water pot of the Potapov vortex heat generator, described in RF patent No. 2,045,715 MKI F 25 B 29/00, published on 10.10.95 in Bul. N 28, or the Koldamasov facility described in / ZhTF, 1991, vol. 61, No. 2, p. 188 - 190 /, or other similar device.

4. Pump water is pumped from the vessel with source water into the device for forming a vortex flow of water, for example, into a swirl tube of Potapov heat generator or in a die in the Koldamasov installation.

5. By selecting the water head, the pump rotation speed, or the length of the water column in front of the die or in the vortex tube, a cavitation flow regime of the vortex flow is provided for resonant amplification of the resulting sound oscillations in this flow.

6. The heated water leaving the heat generating device is directed to a heat exchanger which removes heat from this water and directs it for use by the heat consumer or uses heated water directly from its consumer.

7. Return the water cooled in the heat exchanger in a closed loop into the vessel for the source water, from where it is fed by a pump to the device for forming a vortex flow. When the Koldamasov device is used, before returning water to the vessel for the initial water, it is further purified to maintain the resistivity of the water within 10 11 - 10 14 Ohm · m.

8. Take measures to ensure that the water in the vessel for the source water is not cooled to a temperature below 63 ° C.

EXAMPLES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD

Example 1
Take ordinary fresh water of technical purity at room temperature in the amount of 100 liters and fill with this water the vessel for the source water and the entire primary (working) contour of the vortex heat generator "Yusmar -2M" (TU U240 70270,001-96), described in the patent of the Russian Federation N MKI F 25 B 29/00. With the help of the pump 1GG 12.5 / 50-4-2 of this heat generator equipped with an electric motor of 4 kW, water is supplied from the source water tank to the inlet of the vortex tube of the heat generator, similar to the famous Ranke vortex tube, developing pressure up to 6 atm. In the cochlea of ​​the vortex tube, the flow of water is wound into a vortex flow that enters the cylindrical part of the vortex tube having a diameter of 76 mm and a length of 800 mm. In it, the vortex flow, rotating, moves along the walls of the pipe to its hot end, in front of the outlet hole of which there is a braking device consisting of a coaxial with a pipe bushing with 8 ribs welded to it - steel plates located in the plane of the tube axis radially to this axis. On the edges of the brake device, the rotation of the vortex flow of water is inhibited. As a result, the edges of the ribs are cavitated. The sound vibrations of water generated by it are amplified at a resonant frequency of 1.9 kHz, corresponding to the frequency of the natural sound oscillations of the water column in the vortex tube operating as a resonator. This results in a sonoluminescent glow of water in the pipe and it heats up. The water leaving the vortex tube, heated to a temperature slightly higher than that of the original one, is returned through a pipeline to a vessel with initial water, from which it is again fed by a pump to the inlet of the vortex tube of the heat generator. Circulating in a closed circuit, the water is gradually heated by the heat generated by the heat generator. At a total mass of water in a closed loop of 100 kg, the rate of its heating is 4 ° C for every 5 minutes of operation of the heat generator at a water inlet temperature in the vortex tube to 63 ° C. When the water temperature in the vessel with initial water reaches 63 ° C, Water increases sharply without increasing the electric power consumption of the pump motor and remains as high as the water temperature in the vessel with the initial water rises further up to the boiling point of water at a given pressure (100 ° C with the lid of the vessel with the original water open, Is equal to atmospheric). The results of measurements of the growth rate of water temperature in a vessel with initial water with the time of operation of the heat generator are given in Table. 1, which shows the values ​​of the efficiency of the heat generator calculated by the results of these measurements, defined as the ratio of the increase in the heat content in the water of the closed loop during the time between two measurements to the costs of electric energy consumed by the motor of the heat generator pump during this time. The results of the experiments are confirmed by a test report, a copy of which is attached.

ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF HEAT PRODUCTION

Example 2
Take the same water as in Example 1 and perform all the operations described in Example 1 above it, with the difference that after heating the water in the heating circuit up to 90 ° C, this water is not sent immediately to the source water vessel, but It is piped to a heat exchanger where it gives some of its heat to tap water supplied at a rate of 160 liters per hour to the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger and is heated from room temperature (20 ° C.) to 60 ° C. The heated water from the secondary circuit is used For domestic purposes in the laundry. And the water of the primary (working) circuit, cooled in the heat exchanger to 86 - 88 o C, is returned through the pipeline to the vessel of the source water, from which it is again pumped with a pump into the vortex tube of the heat generator.

Example 3
Take the same water as in Example 1 and heat it to a temperature of 63 - 65 ° C using an electric heater producing Joule heat. Then, this water is set in the amount of 100 liters in the vessel for the source water and in the working circuit of the heat generator "Yusmar-2M". All other operations are carried out in the same way as in Example 2, and the same heat production results are obtained as in Example 2.

Example 4
Take the same water as in Example 1 and perform all operations in the same way as in Example 1, with the difference that a Yusmar-3M heat generator having a pump with an electric motor of 11 kW is used. After reaching this water temperature of 70 o C, it is sent through a pipeline to the water heating system of a residential cottage. Passing through the radiators of water heating and giving away some of their heat to the air of the cottage's rooms, the water is returned through the pipeline to the vessel for source water already at a temperature of 65 - 67 o C. From the source water basin, it is again fed through a heat generator pump Vortex tube of the heat generator. After reaching the operating mode (70 o C), the heat generator generates 22 kW of thermal power. At the same time, its efficiency reaches 2.

ALTERNATIVE WAY OF RECEIVING HEAT

Example 5
Take ordinary distilled water (bidistillate) without any additives and with the help of ion exchange resins it is further purified until the specific resistance of this water is increased to an electric current of up to 10 12 Ohm · m. With the help of an electric boiler that generates Joule heat, this water is heated to the temperature T 1 , indicated in Table. 2, and pour this water in an amount of 20 liters into the vessel of the initial water of the Koldamasov installation described in / ZhTF, 1991, vol. 61, No. 2, p. 188-190. A gear pump of this plant, equipped with an electric motor that consumes power up to 5 kW, pumps water from this vessel into the chamber (a piece of Plexiglas pipe) connected to the pump, developing pressure in it up to 7 MPa. In the chamber there is an insert of ebonite plate 25 mm thick with a hole in it with a diameter of 2 mm. Passing under pressure through this opening, the water spontaneously swirls on the unevenness of the hole in the turbulent flow. Cavitation occurs at the entrance edge of the hole. The water that has passed through this opening is piped to another water vessel, where its temperature T 2 is measured at the outlet of the pipeline. By changing the voltage on the windings of the pump motor, the speed of the gears of the pump is selected such that the water jumps that occur when each pair of gear teeth are clipped and repeated with a frequency adjustable within 1-5 kHz enter into resonance with the own ultrasonic oscillations of the water column in the chamber Between the pump and the liner. The moment of the onset of resonance is fixed by the appearance of a bright glow of water at the entrance edges of the hole in the liner, which is observed through the transparent body of the chamber. From the luminescence region, X-rays emit radiation, whose dose rate, measured by the universal dosimeter RUP-1 at successive intervals after the release to resonance, is indicated in Table 2. At the same time, the yield of neutron radiation, fixed by the same dosimeter, does not exceed the natural background all along The time of the experiment. From Table 2, it can be seen that when the temperature of the water supplied to the chamber is below 63 ° C, the efficiency of water heating in the device used, defined as the ratio of the thermal energy acquired by water during the time between two successive measurements, to the amount of electrical energy consumed by the gear pump motor For the same time, slightly depends on the temperature of the source water and is 3 - 3,4. And when the temperature of the source water exceeds 63 ° C, the efficiency rises sharply and remains as large as the temperature of the water rises further to its boiling point.

CLAIM

  1. A method for obtaining heat by supplying water to a vortex heat generator, forming a vortex flow of water therein, and providing a cavitational flow regime for the vortex flow in resonant amplification of the sound vibrations occurring in this flow, followed by the withdrawal of heat generated from the outgoing water flow to the consumer in the vortex heat generator, That the temperature of the preheated water supplied to the vortex heat generator is 63-90 ° C.

  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the water supplied to the vortex heat generator is 63-70 ° C.

  3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it provides a cavitation flow regime of the vortex flow in a vortex heat generator in resonant amplification of sound vibrations occurring in the vortex stream, selecting the pump rotation speed or the length of the water column in front of the spinneret or the head of water supplied to the heat generator, or Length of a column of water in the vortex tube of a vortex heat generator.

  4. Method according to. 1 and 2, characterized in that the preheating is carried out by circulating the water in a closed loop passing through the vortex heat generator without removing heat to the consumer.

print version
Date of publication 07.12.2006гг