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THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING LIQUID MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2269212

ELECTRIC HEATER

The name of the inventor: Marorescu Igor Igorevich (UA)
The name of the patent owner: Marorescu Igor Igorevich (UA)
Address for correspondence: 04201 , Kiev, PO Box 144, Т.А. Shakhovoy
Date of the beginning of the patent: 2004.02.13

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to the designs of electric heaters, and can be used in dentistry for working with wax models, for sterilizing instruments, and in all other fields of technology, including biology, microbiology, chemistry, medicine, jewelry, Wherever it is necessary to perform fast heating and melting of low-melting materials or heating objects placed inside the electric heater and provides a significant reduction in heat losses, uniform heating and distribution of the temperature field, simplification of design, reliability, economy and electrical safety in operation, and the ability to work with Any voltage without a transformer. To this end, in an electric heater comprising a housing with a hollow internal cavity and an electrically conductive element in the form of wire turns arranged on its outer surface, according to the invention, the turns of the wire of the electrically conductive element are arranged in spiraled and offset grooves on the outer surface of the housing made of Ceramic material, and their outer surface is covered with an electrically insulating material, the optimum in this case is the execution of an electric heater in which an electrical insulating ceramic is used as an insulating material; The inner surface of the body has a layer made of acid-prone ceramic material, the pitch of the turns of the wire increases to the upper end of the body, it is provided with a thermocompensation element covering the outer side surface of the body and its lower end that can be made of basalt fiber.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to the designs of electric heaters, and can be used in dentistry for working with wax models, for sterilizing instruments, and in all other fields of technology, including biology, microbiology, chemistry, medicine, jewelry, Wherever it is necessary to perform fast heating and melting of low-melting materials or heating objects placed inside the electric heater.

An electric heater is known (see USSR Authorship No. 5339, IPC G 21 H 2/02 , published in 1925) containing a mica cylinder along which a heating coil is wound from a wire coated with a layer of fused boric acid and protected by a second mica The cylinder is not widely used in industry, because there are large heat losses from its surface, because Neither boric acid nor mica provide adequate thermal insulation, in addition, expensive mica costs are required.

The electric heater is also known to be the closest in terms of the technical nature to the claimed (see the "Kristar" brochure, with the description of the products of this company of the wax-furnace OPTIMA-WAX 3, c.2, "SAFE" section) , containing a body with a blind inner cavity and an electrically conductive element in The form of turns of wire placed on its outer surface, while the body is made of metal, the turns of the wire are wound directly on the surface of the insulator located on the outer surface of the housing.

The disadvantages of this heater are as follows:

- significant heat losses due to the need to introduce an insulator between a metal casing and an electrically conductive element, and also the possibility of heating the casing of the device in which this heater will be built-in, as a result, uneconomical operation, low efficiency,

- despite the presence of an insulator, it is possible to make an electrical shortage when it is damaged or breakdown, electrical and fire hazard during use,

- it is possible to close the turns of the wire with each other during their heating and displacement, as a result, the entire device is out of order, the unreliability of the structure,

- due to the insufficiently high heat capacity of the electric heater case, the unevenness of the maintained temperature in the heater's capacity,

- impossibility of connecting without voltage-lowering devices, i.e. The complexity of the design when introduced into the device.

The object of the invention is to improve the electrical heater in such a way that, by making its body ceramic, eliminating the insulator, since the case itself serves as an insulator, and placing the turns of the wire in the grooves with displacement, there is a significant reduction in heat loss, uniform heating and distribution of the temperature field, Design, reliability, economy and electrical safety in operation, and the ability to work with any voltage without a transformer.

In order to solve this problem, in an electric heater comprising a housing with a blind internal cavity and an electrically conductive element in the form of wire turns arranged on its outer surface, according to the invention, the turns of the wire of the electrically conductive element are arranged in spiral and offset grooves on the outer surface of the housing, Made of ceramic material, and their outer surface is covered with an electrically insulating material, an electric heater, in which an electrically insulating ceramic is used as an insulating material, will be optimal; The inner surface of the housing has a layer made of acid-prone ceramic material, the pitch of the turns of the wire increases to the upper end of the housing, it is provided with a thermal compensation element covering the outer side surface of the housing and its lower end, which can be made of basalt fiber.

The causal relationship between the proposed set of characteristics and the technical results that are achieved when implementing it is as follows.

Since the body of the electric heater is ceramic, i. E. From a dielectric material with a high heat capacity, it does not imply the use of an additional structural element-the insulator, has grooves in which the electrically conductive element is located without displacement and closure of the turns among themselves during operation, the outer surface of the turns is covered with a layer of electrical insulating material, which together forms a single leakproof Design and ensures the transfer of all heat directly into the heated container, at the same time it provides an increase in power, uniform heating, simplifies the design, increases its electrical safety and efficiency, and if there is a thermal compensation element that covers the outer side surface of the body and its lower end, In a design for which an electric heater is designed and assembled with which it will be used, heat losses will additionally be reduced, the heat will be directed to the inside of the cavity of the electric heater and evenly distributed with minimal losses, in addition, the structure provides control of the distribution of the temperature field, For example, in claim 4 and it is possible to operate without a voltage-reducing transformer.

ELECTRIC HEATER ELECTRIC HEATER

In the drawing, the proposed electric heater is illustrated, in which FIG. 1 is a general view, FIG. 2 is a view 1 in FIG. 1. FIG.

The electric heater comprises a housing 1 with a hollow internal cavity 2 and an electrically conductive element 3 in the form of turns of wire disposed on its outer surface, according to the invention, the turns of the wire of the conductive element 3 are arranged in spiral and offset grooves 4 on the outer surface of the housing 1, Made of a ceramic material, and their outer surface is covered with an electrically insulating material 5, the optimum performance will be an electric heater in which a ceramic material is used as the electrical insulating material; The inner surface of the body 1 has a layer 6 made of acid-prone ceramic material, the pitch of the turns of the wire of the electrically conductive element 3 increases to the upper end of the body 1, and the temperature compensating element 7 is arranged equidistantly on the outer surface of the body 1.

The work of the proposed electric heater is as follows.

It is installed in an appliance, for example a wax-up, intended for melting various types of wax. If the thermocompensation element 7 is present in the electric heater, the device may not contain the latter. The wax-up is included in the network, the required temperature regime is set, in the range 40 ... 120 ° C and the conductive element 3 releases Joule heat and heats, transferring heat to the body 1, thereby melting the wax placed in the cavity 2 of the body 1. Due to the high heat capacity of the body 1, the ceramic material maintains a uniform temperature in the heating zone, which can be achieved at a maximum level if the pitch of the turns of the wire of the conductive element 3 is increased to the upper end of the body 1, which compensates for possible heat dissipation in this part, Surface of the body 1 with a layer 6 made of acid-prone ceramic material, this surface is protected from destruction.

CLAIM

An electric heater comprising a ceramic body and an electrically conductive element in the form of wire turns disposed in mutually offset grooves on the outer surface of the housing, characterized in that the housing is formed with a hollow internal cavity, the outer surface of the turns of the wire is covered with a ceramic material, and the inner surface The shell has a layer made of acid-prone ceramic material.

2. A heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch of the turns of the wire increases toward the upper end of the housing.

print version
Date of publication 07.12.2006гг