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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2257514
DEVICE FOR WATER HEATING
The name of the inventor: Adamenko Nikolai Vasilyevich (RU); Kasatkin Vladimir Nikolaevich (RU); Kiva Anatoly Ivanovich
The name of the patent owner: Adamenko Nikolai Vasilyevich (RU); Kasatkin Vladimir Nikolaevich (RU); Kiva Anatoly Ivanovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 123103, Moscow, nab. Novikova-Priboia, 10, building 2, ap. 51, A.I. Kiva
The effective date of the patent: 2003.10.22
The invention relates to the field of heat power engineering and can be used in compact, including transportable, autonomous heating systems and hot water supply.
The device for heating the liquid comprises a pump-type heat generator consisting of a casing having a cylindrical portion and at least one means for accelerating the movement of the liquid arranged in the casing, made in the form of an impeller consisting of two disks of a predetermined profile with the possibility of rotating it under The action of the drive and the disk in the form of a flat ring fixed within the cylindrical part of the housing in the impeller rotation zone coaxially with it, one means for inhibiting the motion of the liquid in the form of a conical rectifying apparatus with plates arranged vertically to the walls of the cone with plates, and a heat exchange system connected to the injection Nozzle and to the pump. Disks of the impeller when they are joined by side surfaces form nozzles located closer to its end. The impeller and the fixed disk are adjoining with each other by spiral grooves disposed oppositely at an angle to the radius of the circumference defining the outer ends of the grooves, forming a gap of variable cross-section for sucking through the nozzles and supplying the consumers with the heated liquid. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the impeller can be mounted with the possibility of adjusting the gaps between its side surfaces and the lids of the input and output of the heat generator. The invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency, stability and controllability of the liquid heating process, efficiency and power factor of the drive.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of heat power engineering and can be used in autonomous heating and hot water supply systems. Analog devices are known which use changes in the physical and mechanical parameters of the working medium, for example, pressure, volume and flow velocity, to generate thermal energy: an ultrasonic activator (patent PF No. 2054604 of February 20, 1996), a device for heating a liquid (RF patent No. 2162571 dated January 27, 2001).
The device (patent no. 2054604) contains two or more connected in series working chambers, in each of which impellers of a centrifugal pump are mounted, fixed on the periphery by rotors in the form of perforated rings, coaxially with which a stator is fixed in each case of the rotor in the housings of the working chambers. The working chambers are communicating with each other through diffusers. The last working chamber is connected to the first chamber by a circulation circuit equipped with a throttle element.
Disadvantages of the known device: non-technological one-time assembly of the rotor, housing parts, stator; The difficulty of ensuring the mutual alignment of the mating parts. The installation of a stationary working member at the outlet of the mobile working member results in the transfer of the entire head of the impeller to a small portion of the stationary working member, which causes its increased wear.
The device for heating the liquid (patent No. 2162571) comprises a heat generator consisting of a housing having a cylindrical portion with two integral brake systems and a liquid accelerator configured as a cyclone (a twist chamber), a pump connected to the heat generator by means of an injection nozzle and a system Heat exchange.
The disadvantages of the known device are: unstable heat output of the heat generator; Shortage of potentially achievable heat at its output due to the presence of two serially connected braking systems, significant dimensions, metal consumption and cost caused by the long length of the cylindrical body of the heat generator.
As the most relevant to the invention in terms of the totality of essential features of the technical solution, the prototype is a drive cavitational heat generator including a housing in which relatively mobile bodies are disposed whose input and output are hydraulically communicated by means of a circulation channel with a throttling element. The working bodies, at least one of which is connected to the drive motor, are made in the form of oppositely arranged disks installed with a guaranteed gap between their ends ( RF patent No. 2201562, cl. F 24 J 3/00 of 27.03.2003 ) .
In this heat generator, the movable disk is fixed to the end of the electric drive shaft, forming a cantilever structure that when the shaft and disk rotate at high speed to form intense vortices in the cavity with the oppositely fixed disk, causes large axial loads and bearing beats, which in turn changes the required The gap between the ends of the movable ("cantilever") and fixed discs, leads to a violation of the throttling and circulation effect, especially at high thermal powers, to a decrease in the heat output and reliability of the heat generator.
The required technical result of the invention is to ensure a stable heat output by creating conditions for the emergence of stable hydrodynamic cavitation when simplifying the design of the heat generator and the technology of its manufacture to a level ensuring its efficiency with drive motors from 7.5 to 160 kW with simultaneous increase in efficiency, Drive, reliability, improvement of operating and repair conditions, reduction of weight and dimensions, limited, for example, by the dimensions of the trailer, kung, container.
The required technical result of the invention is achieved by a new water heating device comprising a pump-type heat generator consisting of a casing with a suction inlet tangential inlet and a discharge nozzle for horizontal liquid discharge to the consumers and at least one means For accelerating the movement of the liquid, made in the form of an impeller mounted rotatably under the action of the drive, and one means for inhibiting the movement of the liquid, made in the form of a conical rectifying apparatus with plates arranged parallel to the walls of the cone.
The impeller of the centrifugal type consists of two discs permanently fastened with transverse ties, the first of which, on a vertical plane to the axis of rotation of the plane, closer to its end, contains accelerating fluids evenly distributed along the circumference of the ribs, below which, parallel to the axis of rotation, Cavities of a heat generator. The second disk is made in the form of a flat on the vertical ring, which has the possibility of overlapping the edges of the first disk. To do this, its plane, adjacent to the edges of the first disc, is made at some angle to the vertical plane.
By the technological connection, the lateral adjacent inner planes of two disks in the impeller, at almost one radius with its through holes, are formed by a technological connection at some angle to the side surface of the impeller of the nozzle with a section decreasing to its periphery, which are accelerators of fluid motion, A sudden increase in the velocity and pressure of the liquid.
On the end circumference of the impeller, there are several external channels-spirals with grooves, located at some angle to the vertical axis of the wheel, providing the maximum speed of twisting and movement of water to the periphery of the shell.
In the inner surface of the housing in the impeller rotation zone, coaxially with it, a disk is pressed in the form of a flat ring to the axis of rotation with the same grooved spirals located on its inner surface, forming a narrow gap of variable cross-section with the grooves of the impeller spirals for passage of the liquid ejected from the nozzles , Its compression, acceleration and heating. The impeller is mounted on the shaft of the drive motor with the possibility of adjusting the clearances "a" and "b" between its side surfaces and the lids of the input and output of the heat source by moving the impeller along the shaft (FIG. 1). A rotating impeller with spirals on the end, a fixed disk with spirals made in opposition to the spirals of the impeller, their grooves and a gap between them serve as a cavitator, which provides an intensification of the process of heat generation when the cavitation caverns of a rotating liquid collapse.
The diameter of the impeller, its distances from the end caps of the entrance and exit of the housing, the dimensions of the grooves and slots are determined by the thermal capacity of the device.
At the entrance to the hull, there is no braking device, which ensures a rapid increase in circumferential velocity tangentially supplied through the suction nozzle of liquid in the direction of rotation of the impeller for swirling and subsequent acceleration by sucking water from the cavities of the body of water through the nozzles of rotating disks and sharp heating with additional compression while passing through the slit .
Increasing the efficiency of heating the fluid is assisted by a brake device installed at the output of the heat generator, connected via a discharge pipe with a line with a heat exchanger.
To accelerate the heating of the heat exchange system and save energy, a heat accumulator is connected to the heat exchanger main which accommodates the required volume of water heated by the heat generator at night with a low electricity tariff. The device for heating the liquid can work in an automatic mode, for which it is equipped with a microprocessor programmable pressure meter and a pressure sensor in conjunction with an input thermocouple to measure temperature, pressure and water flow using standard sensors.
The claimed technical solution differs from the analogs and the prototype by the presence of new elements: an impeller made of two disks of a special profile, containing a spiral with grooves and a nozzle, a fixed disk with spirals with grooves, a tangential suction pipe, one output brake and their connections to the rest of the elements Device. At the input of the heat generator there is no braking device.
These differences make it possible to conclude that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty".
Comparison of the claimed solution with other similar solutions shows that impellers with blades, vane elements and grooves (grooves) between them are known, for example in a heat generator for heating a liquid (Patent No. 2197688 of January 27, 2003). However, these elements do not have spirals with grooves and nozzles on the impellers, retracting, twisting and accelerating the movement of the liquid in order to achieve the required technical result. Thus, the claimed technical device meets the criterion of "inventive level".
The claimed device contains in its composition the standard blocks of heat engineering, hydraulics, electrical engineering and automation. Consequently, the invention corresponds to the criterion of "industrial applicability".
Figs. 1-6 give examples of the implementation of the described device and its operating elements and photo 1, 2, 3 (reference).
Figures 1 and 2 show longitudinal and transverse sections of a heat generator consisting of the following parts:
A body having a cylindrical portion;
Input cover;
Output cover;
Working wheel;
Disk-ring;
Conical rectifying apparatus;
Plates;
Suction (inlet) pipe;
Suction port opening;
A suction cavity;
Aperture bean-shaped;
Discharge nozzle;
shaft.
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3 is a cross-sectional view of the impeller consisting of parts: 20 - a disk with edges; 4 shows an impeller assembly with a view a) of the end with spirals 26 and b) of the plan. | |
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FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fixed disk 5 pressed into the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the housing 1, with the grooves 27.
FIG . 6 shows the conditions for the occurrence of fluid friction in the rotor B and D zones of rotation.
The heat generator is connected via a shaft 13 to an electric motor 28 and to a heat exchange system including lines, shut-off valves 14, 15, 29, a heat exchanger 16, an expansion tank 17, a pump 18, a heat accumulator 30.
THE DEVICE FOR HEATING LIQUID FOLLOWING
When the pump 18 is turned on, liquid, for example water, through the suction pipe 8, the inlet 9 of the housing 1 is pressurized to the suction cavity 10 tangentially to the horizontal axis of the heat generator (Figures 1 and 2) at a pressure of 5-6 atm. When the engine 28 is turned on, the rotation of the impeller 4 through the shaft 13 causes water to circulate from the cavity 10 through the through holes 24 (FIGS. 3 and 4) of the impeller, the opening 11 of the heat generator output cover 3, the conical rectifier 6, the delivery pipe 12 to the heat exchanger 16. At the same time, water is circulated through the slot 19 formed by the grooves 25 of the spirals 26 of the rotating disks 20 and 21 and the grooves 27 of the stationary disc 5 (Fig. 5) due to the twisting of water by the fins 22 and the impeller spirals 26 (Fig. 3) in its peripheral zone ), Increasing the frictional force of the water flow along the lateral planes of the impeller in zones B and D (Fig. 6). At the same time, the water particles adjacent to the impeller, under the action of the centrifugal force developed by it, due to the ribs 22 of the disk 20, tend towards the periphery of the inner part of the housing 1, and the particles adjacent to its lids of the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 move from the periphery to the center 6). This provides the required pressure at the inlet to the nozzles 23, which facilitates the absorption of water with stored kinetic energy, the subsequent pushing it into the slot 19 and then through the holes 11, the delivery nozzle 12 into the heat exchange system 16. When water particles meet, a discontinuity of the medium occurs, To the formation of hydrodynamic cavitation of water with the subsequent boiling of the liquid and the release of heat at the boundary of the rotating impeller 4 and the fixed disk 5 without the use of a special cavitator. This mode corresponds to the calculated values of the speed of rotation of the impeller, the head of water and the internal volume of the cylindrical body of the heat generator. The friction of the impeller against the liquid can be determined as follows (see Fig. 6).
The elementary frictional force dR, acting on the surface element of the impeller dF, rotating at a velocity U in a medium with a density 
, Is equal to [1]
Where 
- coefficient of friction.
The elementary frictional power of both sides of the impeller dN g is
Integration (2) over the entire surface of the impeller, taking into account the formula (1), allows to obtain the frictional power in the zones of the rotating impeller
Where D is the diameter of the impeller.
The frictional power of the impeller of a liquid, determined from expression (3), is equivalent to the thermal energy at the output of the heat generator. The mechanism of obtaining thermal energy is the so-called phase transition of the highest genus [2, 3], i.e. Interaction with water atoms of free electrons that appear during the destruction of water in the process of cavitation, tearing out from the atom positively charged particles - electrically, turning into photons that carry heat.
The preheated water through the openings of the outlet cover 3 (Fig. 2) enters the braking device containing a conical rectifying apparatus with plates 7 which ensures the creation of a twisting moment and a zone of hydrocavitation during the braking of the fluid to further intensify the heating of the water by increasing the force of its hydraulic impact The inner surface of the conical rectifying apparatus and the plate. Then, water is further displaced to the heating nozzle 12 which, overcoming the resistance of the pressure regulator in the valve 15, is directed to the heat exchanger 16 and further to the expansion tank 17 and to the pump 18, providing heating and hot water supply to the consumers, and through the valve 29, if necessary, enters The thermal accumulator 30. Thus the pump 18 is necessary only for short-term use at initial filling of system of heat exchange by water and replacement of its partial losses.
After stopping the heat generator, and therefore the impeller, the necessary temperature relief of the internal cavity of the device to prevent the sealing of its end seals is ensured by the flow of liquid through the through holes 24 of the impeller.
Experiments and mathematical (computer) modeling of the heat-generator elements [4] carried out on the experimental models of INFICO of the claimed device allowed to establish their optimal parameters. Thus, for a heat generator with a thermal output of 75 kW, the maximum dimensions of the housing together with the straightening device are 560 mm, the diameter of the impeller is 300 mm, the distance of the impeller from the inlet and outlet covers is 62 mm, the diameter of its through holes is 20 mm, distributed around the wheel circumference through 36 °, the cone of the rectifying apparatus is 30 °. Each helix of the impeller and fixed disk is made at an angle of 12 ° to the horizontal axis of the heat generator and contains 95 and 96 grooves with a radius of 2.2 mm in the wheel and disk-disk, respectively, evenly distributed along the length of the spiral.
In the course of the experiments, unstable vortices in the heat-generator body were observed, which are carried away to the discharge pipe, which leads to destruction of the hydrocavitation stability of the liquid and a decrease in the water heating temperature.
At the enterprise JSC Istra Experimental Plant "Uglemash" a prototype of the claimed device was manufactured using the possibilities of industrial production of the elements of the heat generator type TS-1 with the above parameters of the elements.
In this heat generator two functions are combined: heating and intensified supply of liquid to the heat exchange system, and the rotating impeller, fixed disk-ring, their spirals with grooves, forming a gap of variable cross-section between the wheel and the disk, serve as a cavitator.
The conducted tests of this sample showed that the efficiency of water heating increased 1.8 times with the same pump power, electric motor and heating capacity in comparison with analogs and a prototype.
In addition, the operational reliability of the claimed device has remained at a high level, since it uses only one brake system at the output of the heat generator and there is no cavitator, which reduced its mass dimensions.
INFORMATION SOURCES
1. Abianz V.Kh. The theory of gas turbines of jet engines. - M: Mechanical Engineering, 1965, p. 219.
2. Andreev EA, Smirnov AP, Davydenko RA, Klyucherev OA Natural energy. - St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2000, pp. 27-32.
3. Andreev EA, Andreev SE, Glazyrin ES Natural energy-2. - St. Petersburg: Nevskaya Pearl, 2002, pp. 25-30.
4. Scientific and technical report with R & D "Development of a device for heating the liquid." - Moscow: CJSC INFICO, 2002.
5. Analogues of the invention:
- RU 2045715 C1, RU 2054604 C1, 20.02.1996;
- RU 2162571 C1, 27.01.2001, RU 2160417 C2, 10.12.2000;
- RU 2201562 C2, 27.03.2003.
CLAIM
A device for heating a fluid, comprising a pump-type heat generator consisting of a housing having a cylindrical portion and disposed in the housing, at least one means for accelerating the movement of the liquid, in the form of an impeller consisting of a single disk with ribs and a single disk -pads with formed nozzles along the periphery of the inner side surfaces with the possibility of rotating it under the action of the actuator and the disk in the form of a flat ring located inside the cylindrical part of the housing in the rotational zone of the impeller coaxially to it, forming a slit of variable cross-section that is formed by adjacent radial Grooves in the form of spirals of the end surface of the impeller and the inner surface of the disc, one means for inhibiting the movement of the liquid, made in the form of a conical straightening device with plates arranged vertically to the walls of the cone, and a heat exchange system connected to the discharge nozzle and to the pump, characterized in that The disk ring is fixed, and the radial grooves in the form of spirals formed on the end face of the impeller and the inner surface of the stationary ring disc are disposed oppositely at angles to the radius of the circumference defining the outer ends of the grooves.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller disk has round through holes evenly distributed along the entire circumference of the disk with the fins.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller is arranged to adjust the gaps a and b between its side surfaces and the lids of the input and output of the heat generator, respectively.
4. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotor disks of the impeller contain nozzles for suction and supply of liquid to the slit.
print version
Date of publication 08.12.2006гг
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