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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2282651
exothermic COMPOSITION
Name of the inventor: Petunin Dmitry V. (RU)
The name of the patentee: Petunin Dmitry V. (RU)
Address for correspondence: 109145, Moscow, Zhulebinsky Blvd, 5, kv.295, D.V.Petuninu
Starting date of the patent: 2005.06.16
The invention relates to the field of chemical heat sources used for human protection from hypothermia during long-term performance of work under the conditions of exposure to cold, when accidents and catastrophes on land and at sea, and in the medical devices warmers and heating equipment, instruments. The exothermic composition comprises iron powder, activated carbon, neutral humectant sorbent, sodium chloride, water and a substance to inhibit gassing process, as the composition which contains iron oxide monohydrate powder (III) in an amount of 0.1-1 wt.%. Advantages of the exothermic composition are as follows: completely eliminated the process of gassing in storage products, including the composition, which prolongs the shelf life of products; stored fuel properties of the products; It excludes the possibility of an explosion of stored products on the basis of the heat-generating compositions using iron oxidation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of chemical heat sources used for human protection from hypothermia during long-term performance of work under the conditions of exposure to cold, when accidents and catastrophes on land and at sea, and in the medical devices warmers and heating equipment, instruments.
A number of hot-water bottles and packs [US №4516564, 1985; US №5042455, 1991; US №5046479, 1991], which are used in compositions which is based on the heat of the exothermic reaction of iron powder oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. This reaction is conducted in the presence of active carbon, aqueous electrolyte solution and a neutral sorbent.
The quantitative composition of the reactants of the exothermic composition for use in chemical heat sources, varies within wide limits and may include [US №5233981, 1993] Weight% iron powder 40-75;. activated carbon 1-10; neutral humectant sorbent 1-40; sodium chloride and water 1-10 1-40.
A major shortcoming of products based exothermic compositions of the above patents is the process of gassing during storage. Since each of the reagents is introduced into a hermetically closed product and a certain amount of dissolved air occluded, iron begins spontaneous process of interaction with water, activated charcoal and oxygen. The products of this interaction [N.F.Drobot, I.Z.Babievskaya, K.S.Gavrichev et al. Neorgan. Materials, 2002, T.38. №5, s.610-615] are hydrogen gas and, as a result, methane and carbon dioxide. The drawing is a characteristic (volume / time) 100 g of gassing exothermic composition comprising 55 wt.% Of iron powder. As can be seen from the "without suppression of gassing" of the curve, the number of allocated gas is enough to break the sealed packaging products, thereby causing his arbitrary operation. In addition, a mixture of hydrogen and methane is explosive.
Known exothermic composition that prevents interaction with reagents occluded oxygen or air dissolved therein [US №4649895, 1987], wherein powdered iron used for producing a fuel composition is pretreated by heating sulfur containing reagents: ammonium sulfate or sulfide, sulfur, thioglycolate, thiourea.
A disadvantage of the composition is an introduction to the process of preparation of fuel compositions more energy intensive operation. Furthermore, when administered in the sulfur composition will inevitably formation of hydrogen sulfide in the use of the product.
An object is to find the composition of the exothermic composition, excluding the process of gassing when product storage.
The closest to the effect achieved by the composition and the blend composition is warmer underwear shown in patent JP №58-037075, 1993 (prototype), comprising, per 100 parts by weight (pbw) iron powder, 25-40 parts by weight a mixture of activated carbon and coconut shell, 2.5-7 parts by weight metal chloride and 30-40 parts by weight of water, 100 parts by weight of the composition which comprises 3-30 parts by weight humectant 4-20 parts by weight of the sorbent and agents for suppressing outgassing, which is used as a calcium or sodium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate. Warmer temperatures running in intervals 64-65 ° C for 8 hours while the temperature reaches 40 ° C takes place in about 20 minutes, and warmer operating temperatures up to 1.5 hours of operation. gassing process significantly suppressed and no longer observed at a ratio of calcium hydroxide (sodium), iron powder of 0.5: 35 that corresponds to the content of the substance for suppressing outgassing within 0.6-0.8% by weight of the total batch weight..
The disadvantage of the exothermic composition of the prototype is the introduction of a system of reagents possessing alkaline properties, while the iron oxidation reaction requires acidic environment [N.F.Drobot, I.Z.Babievskaya, K.S.Gavrichev et al. Neorgan. Materials, 2002, T.38. №5, s.610-615]. Thus, the action of the reagent directed at slowing the oxidation process, the neutralization rather than gassing products because Calcium and sodium hydroxides to react with hydrogen and methane not enter. As a consequence of the action of the reagent, warmer heating is slow, the charge being applied to tenfold excess of the metal chloride to destroy the oxide film formed on the iron surface.
In addition, calcium and sodium hydroxides are very hygroscopic substances that partially absorbs electrolyte solution required for the implementation of the process heat, thereby reducing the temperature-time characteristics of the products.
The invention is aimed at finding a structure exothermic composition comprising a gassing agent for suppression by chemical interaction of generated hydrogen to said substance under storage conditions while maintaining high performance (temperature and time) on the basis of characteristics of articles exothermic composition.
Technical result is achieved by the proposed exothermic composition comprising iron powder, activated carbon, neutral humectant sorbent, sodium chloride, water and a substance to suppress the gas evolution process, thus, according to the invention as a substance for suppressing outgassing process, the composition comprises a powder monohydrate oxide iron (III) in an amount of 0.1-1 wt.%.
The main components of the composition, determining the heat process may be any effective amount.
All effective amounts of the components in the exothermic composition warmers provide work for 12-18 hours.
Experimentally found that using water as the sole source of hydrogen, the maximum amount of generated gas is not more than 20 ml per 100 g of composition.
The content of these other components does not affect the process of hydrogen generation.
Thus, the essential features of the invention, determining the achievement of a technical result, is a substance to inhibit gassing of the process and its concentration.
It is advisable to choose a neutral sorbent humectant from the group of vermiculite, perlite, zeolite; but may use other neutral sorbents.
Monohydrate powder of iron oxide (III) is selected having a particle size of 50-80 mesh (Handbook of chemical reagents and laboratory equipment Aldrich, Russian, Euro 2003-2004 s.1084) that provides a high specific surface and reactivity to react with hydrogen.
Monohydrate content of iron oxide (III), the chemical formula 
-FeOOH (Technical name - goethite), due to the fact that when an amount less than 0.1 wt% inhibition of gassing process is ineffective, and with an amount more than 1 wt% gassing was observed...
Suppression gassing process is achieved as follows. During cooking, a fuel composition, and placing it in a sealed package to air gets occluded iron powder, activated charcoal and neutral sorbent and air and dissolved in the electrolytic water. The isolated volume in the presence of iron, activated carbon, and water is the process of hydrogen generation. Introduced into the mixture of fine powder of iron oxide monohydrate (III) reacts with hydrogen according to the reaction
6FeOOH + H 2 = 2Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 O
absorbing hydrogen and thereby preventing the accumulation of hydrogen in the system.
The following are examples of the proposed exothermic composition without restricting the use of the compositions in other ratios, namely, gassing characteristics at 30 ° C of 100 g claimed exothermic composition, placed in a sealed container depending on the content of iron oxide monohydrate (III).
Example 1 (drawing, curve 1). Composition, wt%:
Example 2 (drawing, curve 2). Composition, wt%:
Example 3 (drawing, curve 3). Composition, wt%:
Example 4 (drawing, curve 4). Composition, wt%:
Example 5 (drawing, curve 5). Composition, wt%:
As can be seen from the drawing, curve 1 and 4 - the process of gassing is partially suppressed; Curve 2 and 5 - gassing process is virtually eliminated; Curve 3 - gassing process is completely eliminated.
Advantages offered by the exothermic compositions are as follows: excludes gassing process when storing articles comprising the composition, which prolongs the shelf life of products; stored fuel properties of the products; It excludes the possibility of an explosion of stored products on the basis of the heat-generating compositions using iron oxidation.
CLAIM
An exothermic composition comprising iron powder, activated carbon, neutral humectant sorbent, sodium chloride, water and a substance to suppress the outgassing process, characterized in that as a substance to inhibit gassing process monohydrate powder composition comprising iron oxide (III) in an amount of 0.1 -1 wt.%.
print version
Publication date 07.12.2006gg
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