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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2263847
HEAT-GENERATOR FOR PRODUCTION AND HOUSEHOLD NEEDS
The name of the inventor: Bolonkin Vitaliy Nikolaevich (UA)
The name of the patent holder: Vitaliy Nikolaevich Bolonkin (UA)
Address for correspondence: 02232, Kyiv, ul. Dankevich, 3, ap. 71, S.G. Yablonskoy
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.12.29
The invention relates to heating engineering. The scope of the invention is heating of industrial, domestic and public buildings, drying chambers. The heat generator for burning wood, peat, wood waste has a hull, a combustion chamber with combustion and afterburning chambers, an ash-blast with an air regulator, a grate, an internal horizontal baffle adjacent to the rear wall, a ash trap chamber, injectors with secondary air supply nipples, Combustion. The heat generator also has an ashtray with a regulating damper for draining air from below through the grates with horizontal slit and vertical-columnar air supply. In the afterburning chamber, transverse and longitudinal secondary air supply injectors are installed, connected tangentially, with internal plate screw vortices, with air supply through nozzles with conical holes. The afterburning chamber is made of a bell type with a lower outlet of the combustion products through a vertical lowering channel with the selection of solid smoke particles in the ash trap chamber. The regulation of the vacuum in the furnace is carried out by an installed movable flap for changing the cross-section of the opening of the connection of the ash-stove and the chimney. The technical result is a significant increase in the efficiency of the plant due to the completeness of combustion and improved heat transfer, a reduction in the composition of harmful emissions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat engineering, to devices for heating air and can be used for heating industrial premises, public buildings, heating technical air, in drying installations, and for heating and heating for domestic purposes.
Known devices for heating air for the purpose of heating the premises, which consist of furnaces with a blind hearth and a chamber for burning furnace gases. The furnace for heating premises ( Patent of Ukraine No. 22890 cells F 24 B 7/00, 1996 ) consists of a combustion chamber, a casing, a partition inside the combustion chamber, front and rear walls with a loading hatch and intake and exhaust throttle valves. These significant features are common with the invention that is claimed. The reason, which does not allow the analogue to reach the technical result, is the lack of an effective system for supplying secondary air to the afterburner.
The air heater (Patent of Ukraine No. 32625 class F 24 B 7/02) consists of a body made of pipes, front and rear walls, a loading hatch and air supply and smoke exhaust valves, and has a secondary air supply system.
The drawback of this device, as well as the previous one, is the principle of air supply from the loading hatch and the creation of an anterior frontal part of the combustion of fuel, which leads to a reduction in the area of combustion and excludes most of the chamber from the furnace. The shortened size of the secondary air supply nozzles leads to smoke emissions into the air tubes by the return stroke with the oscillations of the draft, gusts of wind, blowing into the chimney. In addition, the manufacture of the furnace body from the pipes is technologically difficult and time-consuming.
Furnace-heater (Patent of Russia No. 2186299 class F 24 B 7/02), which consists of a casing, end walls, screens, regulator-gasifier, power regulator, injectors, has a better system of supplying secondary air and avoiding a reverse flue emission , A system of supply and separation of primary air. It is closest to the design proposed by this application.
However, the analog has significant drawbacks. Firstly, it is a device with a blind hearth, and this means that it has limitations on the area of contact between air and fuel. Such devices are, as a rule, uneconomical [1] p.251.
Secondly, the construction of the afterburner does not provide a long stay of furnace gases in the chamber and makes it impossible to completely oxidize the combustion products due to direct exit into the chimney from the afterburner chamber.
It is not possible to effectively cool the combustion products, which leads to their removal to the chimney with their high temperature and heat loss. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve a high level of plant efficiency. In addition, the possibility of selecting solid particles of combustion products that are released into the atmosphere is not foreseen.
The basis of the stated technical task of the invention, which is claimed, is an increase in the efficiency of the installation, a reduction in the solid emissions of combustion products.
To solve the tasks in the heat generator, the following innovations are applied which are not available for analogues:
1. The air intake is made from the bottom by using an ashtray and a grate device. This ensures uniform separation of oxygen and combustion of fuel over a large area of the grate. At the same time, the entire mass of fuel is dried and heated by rising thermal flows, which ensures a stable and highly efficient combustion process in the future.
2. In view of the fact that the separate use of horizontal or vertical grates does not allow to solve the task of burning fine-grained bulk fuels having the properties of caking and compacting, combined heaters are made in the heat generator consisting of horizontal ones with slotted holes and vertical columnar ones having protective peaks with Holes distributed in height. The use of volumetric forms of the grate provides the possibility of bringing air into the interior of the fuel mass and providing a volume combustion layer, which is especially effective when burning chips, fragments of agricultural plants, peat, etc. in the smoldering regime.
3. Unlike analogues in the heat generator, a combined system of transversely-longitudinal supply of secondary air is performed, which ensures an even distribution of air at the beginning of the afterburning chamber and along it.
The use of screw plates inside the guides ensures the rotation of the secondary air during travel to the outlet nozzles and ensures the swirling of the air at the outlet. The effect of mixing air and furnace gases increases due to the use of conical shapes of the outlets of the outlet nozzles.
4. In the heat generator, the bell-based principle of afterburning of furnace gases is used, which ensures the priority of the output of combustion products, which have a lower temperature and a greater specific gravity. The exothermic oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide in the afterburning process is accompanied by a significant release of heat and the creation of carbon dioxide with a large specific gravity and the primary withdrawal of it from the heat generator.
The structure of the heat generator is shown in FIGS. 1-5.
 1 shows a longitudinal section of a structure |
 FIG. 2 is a front view with a cut along AA, view D explains the structure of the air supply system to the afterburning chamber |
 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the longitudinal injector system of the afterburner showing a plate screw air swirler |
 FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a vertical grate |
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In the drawings:
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 FIG. 5 is a heat transfer rib |
THERMAL GENERATOR HAS THE FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
The heart of the heat generator (FIG. 1, 2) is the furnace body 1, the front 22 and the rear 7 end walls. In the front wall there is a loading door with a door 20 having a seal, an ash door 16 with a regulator of the air supply 19. A power regulator 10 with a gate 17 is mounted in the rear wall to provide a constant ventilation of the furnace for safety, a combustion regulator 9 with a blind gate . The power regulator 10 connects the vertical channel 5 through the ash collecting chamber 8 to the chimney, and the combustion controller 9 connects the combustion chambers 21 and afterburning 4 with the chimney. The furnace is divided by an inner partition 2 of thick steel. The internal system of the chimney has a vertical channel 5 with a ash trapping chamber 8. At the bottom of the furnace there are grates in the guides. 18 For the burning of chips and peat, vertical grates 12 of the volume air supply can be used (Fig. 4). Outside, the heat generator has a casing 6. Under the casing on the outside of the combustion chamber, there are fins of heat transfer 14 (FIG. 4).
Cavities and ash collecting chambers are interconnected by an elongated hole that can be closed by a shutter 11, which moves along the heat generator, closing or opening the hole.
In the afterburning chamber 4, transverse 23 and longitudinal 3 (FIG. 3) injectors are arranged which constitute a secondary air supply system.
Inside the injector bodies is mounted a screw screw swirler 24. In the transverse injector, the swirler has a left and right winding of the screw, respectively, for the left and right injectors. The transverse and longitudinal injectors are connected tangentially. The orifices of the nozzles 26 of the injectors have a conical shape for the swirling air, and the nozzles of the transverse injector are located only on the side of the afterburner. The air intake is located below the chimney level, and secondary air is supplied through channel 15. This eliminates smoke emissions from the afterburner chamber.
THERMAL GENERATOR WORKS AS FOLLOWS:
Loaded through the hatch on the grate 18, the fuel burns in the direct burning mode with the withdrawal of combustion products through the combustion regulator 9. At the same time, the gate of the power regulator 10 is open. There is a rapid heating of the furnace body 1, partitions 2, injectors 23, 3. The damper 11 at this time is closed. After heating the furnace, the gate 9 of the regulator closes completely. The furnace gases are raised into the afterburner, when mixed with secondary air, which is fed through the nozzles of the injectors, burn out; The heat released during this process is transmitted through the walls of the body of the furnace 1 and the heat transfer ribs 14 to the airflow under the casing, and the cooled combustion products descend vertically along the vertical channel 5 downward. In the ash collecting chamber, the speed of motion drops, the solid particles are inertially lowered, and the smoke through the power regulator 10 is discharged to the chimney. The regulation of the combustion process is carried out by the sliders of the regulators 19, 10 and the damper 11. By reducing the supply of air through the regulator of the primary air supply 19, the heat generator is put into operation in the smoldering mode. The damper 11 can reduce the vacuum in the combustion chambers 21 and afterburning 4 by sucking air from the ash chamber 25 through the ash trap chamber 8 into the chimney.
The choice of optimal combustion and combustion products combustion conditions extends the burning process in smoldering mode, reduces the temperature of the exhausted combustion products and raises the efficiency of the installation to 0.8 and higher. The combustion duration of a one-time full fuel load lasts up to 12 hours.
Thus, in the process of solving the task, the following technical solutions have been achieved.
The afterburning chamber 4 of the hood type and the vertical channel 5 ensure lowering of the colder and heavier fractions of the combustion products of the fuel and their removal from the heat generator through the chimney system, one of the components of which is the ash collecting chamber 8.
The ratio of the cross sections of the vertical channel 5 and the afterburner chamber of 4 furnace gases is 1: 4. This ensures a low rate of movement of furnace gases in the afterburner chamber, the duration of the combustion process increases, and thus the completeness of fuel combustion.
Simultaneously with the increase in the velocity of migration of combustion products along the vertical channel, due to inertia, solid particles of waste are thrown into the lower part of the ash collecting chamber and collected, thus reducing the amount of solid emissions into the atmosphere.
Unlike analogues in the heat generator, a device for regulating the rarefaction in the furnace is applied by changing the cross-section of the channel for connecting the cavities of the ash-pit and the chimney by a damper.
In order to increase heat transfer from the furnace wall to the environment, air, the outer side of the furnace body 1 has heat transfer ribs 14 installed at an angle of 45 ° in the direction of air flow.
To ensure the turbulence of the airflow, the heat transfer ribs 14 have through holes. In order to transfer the air flow to the outer surface of the furnace body 1 and the heat transfer ribs 14, the bumpers 13 are mounted on the inner surface of the casing 6.
For quick warming up of the heat generator or using it as a direct-flow heating device for large thermal loads, a slide device of the combustion controller 9 is used, connecting the combustion chambers 23 and afterburning 4 of the furnace with the chimney. The same device is used to vent the furnace during fuel refueling.
To avoid smoke from the room, the door 20 has a seal that provides a seal.
INFORMATION SOURCES
1. Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharkin E.N. Heating and hot water supply of an individual house. Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1981.
2. Patent of Ukraine No. 22890, cl. F 24 B 7/001, 1996.
3. Patent of Ukraine No. 31625, cl. F 24 B 7/02, 1996.
4. The patent of the Russian Federation No. 2186299, cl. F 24 B 7/02, 2000.
CLAIM
1. Heat generator for burning wood, peat, wood waste, having a body, a furnace with combustion and afterburning chambers, an ashtray with an air regulator, a grate, an internal horizontal partition adjacent to the rear wall, a ash collecting chamber, injectors with secondary air inlet pipes, A branch pipe for the discharge of combustion products, characterized in that it has an ashtray with a control damper for venting the air from below through the grates with horizontal slit and vertical-columnar air supply; in the afterburning chamber, transverse and longitudinal injectors of secondary air supply are connected tangentially to the internal plate screw Swirlers with air supply through nozzles with tapered holes, has a bell-type type of afterburning chamber with a lower outlet of combustion products through a vertical lowering channel with the selection of solid particles of smoke emissions in the ash collecting chamber, regulation of the rarefaction in the furnace by an installed movable damper for changing the section of the hole of the ash- Chimney.
2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer ribs are mounted on the outside of the furnace body, have through shaped holes, and the casing has guiding air bumpers.
3. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a combustion controller with a blind flap located between the combustion chamber, afterburning and the chimney.
print version
Date of publication 10.12.2006гг
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