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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2242096
TUBE ELECTRIC HEATER
The name of the inventor: Grepan Sergey Evgenievich (UA)
The name of the patent owner: Grepan Sergey Evgenievich (UA)
Address for correspondence: 61108, Ukraine, Kharkov, PO Box 2095, ASSeryugina
The effective date of the patent: 2002.12.24
The invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to heating devices, and can be used for heating liquids for various purposes, for example, for heating oil or fuel in order to improve the start-up of the internal combustion engine in the winter season. The object of the invention is to improve a conventional tubular electric heater in which, due to the heating element in the form of a spiral providing different zones of specific power, fixing one end of the spiral on the current lead, and the second at the opposite end of the tube to its housing, uneven power dissipation is eliminated The probability of a spark between the ten's and the mass, and due to this, differentiated heating of individual elements of the units is performed, depending on their purpose and location, fire safety is provided. The proposed technical solution has much more extensive functionality in comparison with the known ones. It ensures the safe operation of the tubular electric heating device in corrosive environments, since it eliminates the appearance of a spark. The device is reliable and durable, guaranteed life of at least 2 years.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to heating devices, and can be used for heating liquids for various purposes, for example, for heating oil or fuel in order to improve the start-up of the internal combustion engine in the winter season.
It is known that tubular electric heaters (tan'y) are used to heat oil, circulating oil in containers, car crashes of cars, other viscous oils, cooling water, fuel, liquid with a high pour point, for heating the metal, for example, extruders or engines. This is due to the fact that at low temperatures the physical properties of the liquid change and the normal operation of the power system, for example, the internal combustion engine, is disrupted. With the aim of eliminating the negative influence of low temperature, obtaining the conditions for reliable start-up and engine operation, fuel is heated along with simultaneous increase of the thermal state of the parts [Kozlov VE, Kozlov VV, Mindin GR, Sudachenko VN Electric heating devices for cars and tractors. - L .: Machine building, Leningr. Otd-tion, 1984. - 127 pp.]. To do this, several tons are used in the internal combustion engine system, each of which is designed to work in a certain cavity. Tan'y thus have, as a rule, a relatively short length, not more than a dozen centimeters.
It is known that heating cables with different types of insulation are used to heat large volumes, which have a shield braid, used as grounding. However, the insulation of the cables is not designed to work in aggressive environments. In addition, the heating flexible cable has a constant specific power along the entire length, which excludes its use in devices of complex configuration, which require for heating different temperature regimes.
The closest to the claimed technical essence and the result achieved in use is a tubular electric heater comprising a housing in the form of a tube with a filler, a current lead for the supply and a heating element [ The description to the patent of the Russian Federation №2120199, M. Kl. Н 05 В 3/48, publ. 10.10.1998]. In this device, the heating element is made in the form of a thick-film resistor on a metal-dielectric substrate, and the filler is a transformer oil.
Such a heating element is installed in the crankcase, connected to a stationary voltage source up to 36 V, and the oil is heated. A thick-film resistor on a metal-dielectric substrate contributes to an increase in the area of heat dissipation. However, such a device has an almost constant specific power over the entire length of the resistor. In addition, the thermistor is sensitive to a change in shape and can not practically be used in cavities of complex shape.
Therefore, the aim of the claimed technical solution is to expand the functionality of the tubular electric heater and to improve its properties such as safety and reliability.
The aim is achieved by the fact that in a known tubular electric heater comprising a housing in the form of a tube with a filler, a power lead and a heating element according to the invention, the heating element is in the form of a spiral providing different zones of specific power, with one end of the helix fixed to the current lead , And the second at the opposite end of the tube is attached to its body.
As the filler used quartz sand, and the current lead passes through the insulator located at the end of the tube, and sealed in the body with a mixture of quartz sand, alabaster and cement.
As can be seen from the presentation of the essence of the claimed technical solution, it differs from the prototype and, therefore, is new.
The claimed solution has an inventive step. The object of the invention is to improve a conventional tubular electric heater in which, due to the heating element in the form of a spiral providing different zones of specific power, fixing one end of the spiral on the current lead, and the second at the opposite end of the tube to its housing, uneven power dissipation is eliminated The probability of a spark between the ten's and the mass, and due to this, differentiated heating of individual elements of the units is performed, depending on their purpose and location, fire safety is provided.
It is known that practically all vehicles designed for operation over a wide range of temperatures, in particular minus ones, are equipped with various heating devices made on the basis of tubular electric heating elements (teno'v). At present, a large number of electric heaters manufactured in local conditions, different in design and thermal effect created by them, have been created and are being used [Kozlov VE, Kozlov VV, Mindin GR, Sudachenko VN Electric heating devices for cars and tractors. - L .: Machine building, Leningr. Otd-tion, 1984. - 127 pp.] . However, heaters, for example diesel fuel, are the least efficient, especially one that is designed for operation at low temperatures. The lack of a reliable heating system leads to the fact that the engines at a certain time of year practically do not switch off, which leads to their rapid deterioration.
It is known, for example, a device for preheating fuel in an internal combustion engine preheater, comprising a housing with a cavity provided with an electric heating element connected via a supply pipe to the fuel supply pipe [ Description to the author. St. USSR № 973910, M. Cl. F 02 N 17/04, publ. 15.11.82]. The device allows to increase the reliability of fuel ignition in the pre-start period. However, the use of the device described above can not ensure the stable operation of the engine as a whole at low temperatures, since the heating element operates in a limited volume, and its operation does not affect the fuel supply from the tank through the fuel line.
A device for heating a fluid is also known , comprising a cylindrical body with apertures for supplying and withdrawing a medium within which a tubular heater is installed coaxially with the gap [cf. Description to the author. St. USSR № 1677878 А1, М кл. H 05 V 3/60, publ. 15.09.88] . The device is designed to heat the hydrocarbon fuel before it is fed to the engine in low temperature conditions. It allows to increase the intensity of heat exchange by 20-30%.
However, the construction of the device described above is complex , since it involves the use of special corrugated pipes and their further processing. In addition, the design involves the installation of the device directly in the fuel line, which can be futile if the fuel in the tank has a significant viscosity at low temperatures.
The claimed technical solution fundamentally solves the problem by offering a tan that can be made with different heating zones. Using such a property of a copper shell as a low resistance to bending after annealing, the ten'u can be given any desired shape and length, taking into account the specific power dissipation required at a particular site and to ensure efficient, safe heating, for example, of fuel.
The proposed solution is widely used in modern practice on vehicles operating in low temperature and other industries, for example, for defrosting refrigeration plants, extruders, etc.
 FIG. 1 shows the fuel for fuel heating in a fuel tank |
 FIG. 2 shows a fuel heating tower (top view) |
 3 shows an end of a tubular heater |
FIG. 4 shows a tent for heating a fluid
Example 1
The device for fuel heating comprises a cylindrical body with apertures for supplying 2 and discharging fuel 3, inside of which a tubular electric heater 4 constructed according to the claimed technical solution is coaxial with the gap. The tubular electric heater 4 comprises a body 5 in which a spiral 6 and a filler 7 are arranged, which quartz sand is used. One end of the tubular electric heater 4 is curved in the form of a hook 8.
The cylindrical body 1 of the device is provided with a mounting flange 9 and an additional cylinder 10 in whose cavity 11 the curved end 8 of the tubular electric heater 4 is disposed. The other end of the tubular electric heater 4 is fixed in the union 12. The spiral 6 at one end is connected to the plug 13 that provides contact with the mass At the other end, it is connected to the current lead 14. The second end of the current lead 14 passes through the insulator 15, which is fixed by the sealant 16 and the nut 17. The current lead 14 in the body 5 of the electric heater 4 is sealed with a mixture of 18 quartz sand, alabaster and cement. The device is made with a temperature sensor 19.
The entire length of the tubular heater 4 is divided into three zones L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , as shown in FIG. 1, which have different specific powers. The maximum capacity of a tubular electric heater is P = 2 kW at Umax = 28 V. The lengths of individual sections of the ten's and the corresponding dissipated capacities are shown in the table.
The device works as all tubular electric heaters work. When an electric current passes through a spiral, it heats up and heals the insulating quartz sand and shell, providing a heat flux, depending on the linear and other characteristics of the ten's up to 10.2 W / cm 2 . However, the maximum power is released in the main fuel volume at a length of L 1 , and in other less voluminous channels a smaller part of the total power is released.
Example 2
The fluid heating apparatus includes a liquid housing 20 with a supply port 21 and a medium outlet 22. A tubular electric heater 26 is mounted on the cover 23 of the housing 20 on the mounting flange 24 by means of a fitting 27 and a nut 28. The housing 29 of the tubular electric heater 26 is made in the form of a helix immersed in a liquid. The current lead 30 and therefore one end of the spiral 31 are connected to the phase and the second end of the spiral is connected to the body as shown in FIG. 3 and, therefore, like the tubular body 29 is connected to the body mass 20. All spiral turns are of equal length, But different power output at each turn, as shown in the table.
In this case, to ensure effective mass transfer, it is expedient, with an equal length of turns, to heat the liquid in the lower part of the tank to a greater degree and to a lesser degree in the upper part of the tank. The maximum capacity of a tubular electric heater is P = 2 kW at Umax = 220 V.
The table shows the characteristics of electric heaters manufactured on the basis of the claimed technical solution.
As can be seen from the description of the examples of the specific embodiment, the proposed technical solution has much more extensive functionality in comparison with the known ones. It ensures the safe operation of the tubular electric heating device in corrosive environments, since it eliminates the appearance of a spark. The device is reliable and durable, guaranteed life of at least 2 years.
CLAIM
A tubular electric heater comprising a housing in the form of a tube with an electrically insulating filler, a current lead for supplying power and a heating element in the form of a spiral, characterized in that the heating element is configured to form different zones of power output from 2.0 to 25 W / cm, This one end of the spiral is fixed to the current lead, and the other end is attached to its grounded body at the opposite end of the tube.
print version
Date of publication 30.12.2006гг
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