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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2258875

Cavitation-ROTARY HEAT

Name of the inventor: Fominsk Leonid Pavlovich (UA)
The name of the patentee: Fominsk Leonid Pavlovich (UA); Closed Joint Stock Company "AME" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 117279, Moscow, ul. Maclay, 55a, JSC "Firm" Center of Patent Services "
Starting date of the patent: 2004.03.18

The invention relates to apparatus for generating heat generated differently than in the combustion of fuel, and can be used in the water space heating systems. Cavitation heat generator rotor consists of a housing with inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, having a cylindrical cavity therein and placed two coaxial rings, one of which is fixedly secured relative to the housing, and the other is driven by a drive shaft, coaxial with the rings. Ring fitted with radial openings arranged in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. The outer ring is rotating coaxial and internal - fixed relative to the housing, the gap between the rotating outer ring and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing is from 0.5 to 3 mm. On the threaded end of the drive shaft is screwed steel disc with the rim, which is screwed an external rotating ring. Fastened on the drive shaft hub, which is inserted in the steel spokes tensioned via tensioning bolts mounted in recesses in the outer rotating ring. On the threaded end of the drive shaft is threaded metal cap, which is attached to the textolite drive to the rim, which is fixed a rotating outer ring. The diameter of the holes in the inner ring is stationary 1.5-3 times larger than the diameter of the holes in the outer rotating ring. The number of holes in the outer rotating ring is not equal to the number of holes in the inner ring is stationary. With this arrangement, the heat generator are amplified when the rotor rotates occurring cavitation, which increases the heating efficiency.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to devices for heat generated differently than in the combustion of fuels, and can be used in water heating residential and industrial systems.

A device for heating a liquid friction method lies in the fact that the heat is generated by friction against each other and / or liquid solids, driven in a container with a liquid, described in A. SU №1627790.

The disadvantage of this device is that due to energy loss in heating efficiency (the ratio of generated thermal energy to mechanical or electrical energy consumed by the device) is much less than unity.

It is known for a liquid heating apparatus in which the heating efficiency is close to unity. This "gidrosonnaya pump", described in the patent US №5188090, author JLGriggs. This device consists of a metallic stator having a cylindrical cavity closed by a flat lid. Inside the cavity of the stator is mounted on a cylindrical rotor shaft, on the peripheral cylindrical surface of which a plurality of uniformly disposed radial cylindrical recesses having a diameter of about 10 mm and drilled to a depth approximately equal to the diameter of the recesses. The gap between the cylindrical surfaces of the rotor and stator of 0.5-1 mm. The shaft is sealed with seals preventing leakage of the heated liquid from the device. The stator end caps have holes for feeding the heated liquid into the apparatus from one side and discharge it from the other side.

The device described operates as follows. Through an inlet in the stator cavity of supplying water to be heated. It flows through the gap between the stator and the rotor and exits from the opposite side through an opening in the end cap of the device to which is attached a pipe for discharging the heated water to the consumer. The rotor unit is rotated by an electric motor, the rotor shaft joins. With the rapid rotation of the rotor centrifugal forces tend to throw the water from the recesses in the cylindrical surface of the rotor (referred to as cells Griggs). But the column of water in the cell Griggs held by water wetting forces of the metal surface of the cell. The confrontation of these two forces leads to a vacuum in the liquid bottoms from Griggs cells. Thus at bottoms cells cavitation bubbles occur, causing rupture of the water column in these cells. Under the influence of centrifugal forces detached from the bottom of the water column of cells before the former in a stressed condition, as the spring is ejected from the recess and at a high velocity strikes the conjugate to the rotor inner cylindrical surface of the stator. The result is a shock wave which enhances cavitation in the gap between the rotor and stator. When fast periodic compression and expansion of cavitation bubbles in water is a strong heating of the gas mixture in them, and then all the water in the working gap.

The disadvantage of this device is that the heating efficiency is not very high there. This is because the ejecting portion after the water from the cell Griggs cell must fill new portion of water from the working air gap between the rotor and stator. A centrifugal force when the rotor rotates prevent water flow into the cells - the surface recesses of the rotor. As a result, "rate" of cells (the number of "shots" trickle of water per unit time) is not high.

This drawback is eliminated in another known apparatus for heating the liquid described in Patent RU №2116583, author Porseva EG This device consists of a cylindrical hollow body inside which is fixed a stationary outer ring with radial holes in it, and it is installed coaxially rotating inner ring fixed to the shaft, driven by an electric motor. The inner ring has the same radial holes, as in the outer ring, and they are located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft. Upon rotation of the inner ring is pressed against the centrifugal force water into radial bores of the ring to the inner surface of the outer ring, and when openings in the rings are coaxial and aligned during their movement relative to each other, the water flows into the outer ring of holes. And then the water flow is interrupted abruptly when the holes in the rings when the rotor rotates are shifted further and are no longer aligned. As a result, in the described device produces strong liquid pulsations, accompanied by cavitation. The most effective water is heated in such a device at frequencies of pulsation 3,8-4,8 kHz.

In this arrangement, water flows into the radial holes is not against the direction of centrifugal force, as it was in Griggs gidrosonnoy pump described above, and the direction of action of the force, and they do not hinder the water flow, but rather help.

The disadvantage of this known device is that cavitation therein is not very powerful, as the working fluid column in radial bores rings is not broken and hole is cut when the displacement during the rotation of the inner ring. It is not possible to achieve the water jet intermittently high vacuum degree necessary for the creation of cavitation bubbles, and enables to develop a high heating efficiency and the working fluid to reach its high temperature heating in a single pass through the liquid heat generator.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a "rotary pump - heat generator", described in the patent RU №2159901. This device consists of a housing with a cylindrical cavity therein in which two rings mounted coaxially arranged. The outer ring is fixedly secured relative to the housing, and is fixed to the inner shaft, driven in rotation by an electric motor. Both rings have radial openings arranged in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. The orifices in the outer ring have a greater diameter than the two holes coaxial with the inner ring. This provides a "sudden" expansion fluid flow passing through the two holes, and enhances the cavitation by the fact that the expansion of the fluid flow pressure in it decreases sharply and the cavitation bubbles are born. As a result, the working fluid is heated more effectively than in a device with the same hole.

It should be noted that if the gap between the rotating and stationary rings in the above known prior art device tend to make as small as possible, the gap between the outer fixed ring and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing in the device, as in the device-analogs described above are very great and approximately equal to the thickness of the ring. This is done so that the working fluid emerging from the radial holes of the fixed outer ring, did not experience significant resistance it flow.

The disadvantage of this known device is that cavitation therein insufficiently powerful as the working fluid column in radial holes is not broken and hole is cut when the displacement during the rotation of the inner ring. This does not result in rotation of the rotor to a large rise in vacuum of the liquid column in the clipping plane radial openings that creates conditions for occurrence of cavitation strong and does not allow to develop a very high efficiency of heating the working fluid.

The object of the invention to provide a device for heating a liquid, wherein by changing the order of arrangement of rotating and stationary rings and change the location of a sequence of radial holes of larger and smaller diameter, provides increased efficiency of heating a working fluid by increasing the cavitation processes.

The problem is solved in that the cavitation-rotary heat generator consisting of a housing with inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, having a cylindrical cavity in which two coaxial rings, one of which is fixed stationary relative to the housing, and the other is driven from the drive shaft has coaxial with the rings, with radial openings in these rings arranged in a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis, according to the invention the outer coaxial ring is rotating, while the inner ring is fixed relative to the housing of the heat generator, with the gap between the rotating outer coaxial ring and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing from 0.5 to 3 mm.

Bringing into rotation the outer ring coaxial heat source gives rise to a radial ring of holes centrifugal forces tending to throw of the pole hole working fluid. When these holes are closed from the inside surface of the inner stationary ring, then, thanks to the wetting forces between the working fluid and this surface, there occur large tensile stress in the liquid and vacuum therein. In the liquid cavitation bubbles are born that merge into the cavitation cavern providing fluid column break in the radial hole of the rotating ring, as in the above Griggs cell. As a result, the working fluid from power emitted from the radial holes in the rotating ring and strikes the cylindrical surface of the stationary housing the heat generator, thereby causing a collision with it the appearance of a shock wave, amplifying the subsequent collapse of cavitation bubbles in the working fluid. To energy of the liquid jets ejected from the radial holes in the rotating outer ring, not lost to waste along the path from the orifice to the surface of the heat generator casing, the clearance between a rotating outer ring and the inner cylindrical surface of the body serves to reduce the magnitude of 0.5 to 3 mm . The lower limit of 0.5 mm is due to the necessity to ensure the free flow of the heated working fluid in this gap after its exit from the radial openings of the rotating ring, and the upper limit - 3 mm is due to the fact that at large values ​​of gap significant portion of the kinetic energy of the working fluid jet ejected of radial hole in a rotating ring is lost to overcome the frictional forces of surrounding liquid in the gap.

If gidrosonnoy pump Griggs described above, filling the cell a new portion of working fluid after each "shot" stream of working fluid carried from outside in the direction opposite to the centrifugal force which slowed the filling process, the proposed device filling work radial hole fluid in the outer rotating the ring after each "shot" inside of it is carried out (in the direction of the axis of rotation) through the openings in the inner ring is stationary when these openings are aligned with the radial holes in the outer rotating ring. At the same centrifugal forces no longer hinder the process of filling, but rather accelerate it.

and, according to the invention on the threaded end of the drive shaft is screwed steel disk with a rim, which is screwed onto the outer rotating ring.

and, according to the invention mounted on a drive shaft hub, which spokes are inserted that hold the outer rotating ring.

and, according to the invention on the threaded end of the drive shaft is threaded metal cap, which is attached to the textolite drive to the rim, which is fixed a rotating outer ring.

and, according to the invention the inner diameter of the holes in the stationary ring 1.5-3 times larger than the diameter of the holes in the outer rotating ring.

Given the size of the diameter rings are caused by the need to ensure complete filling of the radial holes in the rotating outer ring until it overlap the inner wall of the stationary ring, which allows the centrifugal forces to carry out the process of filling up to the end, thus increasing the efficiency of the heat generator.

and, according to the invention the number of holes in the outer rotating ring is not equal to the number of holes in the inner ring is stationary.

When the number of radial holes in the outer and inner rotating rings equally fixed, then all the "shots" working fluid streams from all these openings occur simultaneously in time overlap openings in the rotating outer ring of the continuous wall of the inner ring. It's like shooting volleys of gun batteries that heat source leads to unnecessary vibrations strengthen, destroying its structure. Therefore, in the present invention, the number of holes in the outer rotating ring made unequal number of holes in the inner ring is stationary. As a result, the rotation of the outer ring appears out of sync moments of his matches radial holes with the holes in the inner ring, "shots" of fluid streams are out of sync, and reduced vibration design.

The invention is described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Cavitation-ROTARY HEAT

1 shows a sectional proposed heat source

Figure 2 shows a partially broken away section of FIGURE 1

3 shows a diagram of the mutual arrangement of the inner and outer coaxial rings with an even number of radial holes in the outer ring and the inner odd

4 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of the heat source proposed in which fastening of the outer ring to the rotating shaft is performed with needles

5 shows a sectional view a third embodiment of the proposed heat source, wherein the external fixation rings in the rotating shaft carried by the intermediate disc textolite

The proposed heat generator shown in Figure 1, consists of a welded steel support assembly 1, two pins attached to a cast iron body uniform support column 3 of a centrifugal pump. This rack has a unified standard gland assembly 4 mounted on the shaft 5 to the opposite end of which is attached the motor resulting in rotation shaft (not shown). Under the packing gland assembly to the shaft 5 is wearing a removable sleeve 6 of the abrasive-resistant bronze. The gap between the shaft 5 and the sleeve 6 is sealed Teflon seal is pressed against the steel sleeve 7. At the end of the threaded shaft 5 is screwed steel disc 8, on the rim of which is screwed onto the external thread (rotating) steel ring 9 of the heat generator. The ring 9 has one or more rows of radial holes disposed in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. The diameter of these holes is approximately equal to the thickness of the ring 9. The number of rows of holes 9 in the ring may be any starting from one. The larger the series, the more powerful heat source.

Ring 9 disposed coaxially fixed inner steel ring 10 which has the same number of rows of radial apertures and are arranged with their axes in one plane with the axes of the radial holes 9 of the ring perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 5. The radial holes in the ring 10 can be made with holes of the same diameter 9 in the ring, but it is better to make them 2-3 times larger than the hole in the ring 9.

The inner ring 10 is screwed into its threaded end 11. A steel disc is pressed against it by tightening pins 12 to a steel cylindrical body 13 of the heat generator, in which the cavity and located rings 9 and 10. The disk 11 is laid on top intermediate ring 14 with holes in it to pins 12 and hydraulic fluid passage. A steel is laid on top of it the bottom 15 with a heat source at its center welded nipple 16 to exit the heated fluid. The same bottom 15 welded thin-walled steel ring partition 17 with a washer 18, which with its outer edge almost touches the stationary ring 10.

This ring 10 has the same number of rows of radial holes 17, as in the ring 9, wherein the diameter of the holes in the ring 10 is 1.5-3 times greater than the diameter of the holes 9 in the ring.

The clearance between the outer surface of the rotary ring 9 and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing 13 is 0.5 to 3 mm.

Studs 12 are not through holes in the cylindrical body 13 and through one. Free holes (see FIG. 2) are used for the passage of heated fluid therethrough whose motion shown schematically in the drawings by arrows.

The number of radial holes 9 in the rotating ring is not recommended to make an equal number of holes in the stationary ring 10. Figure 3 illustrates how one of the embodiments, the circuit arrangement of mutual coaxial rings in which a rotating ring 9 has an even number of radial holes, and stationary ring 10 - an odd number of holes.

The welded support assembly 2 (Figure 1) has a pipe 19 for supplying heated liquid and a disk 8 has holes 20 for the passage of heated liquid. Between the support unit 1 and the cast iron body 4 installed thermal insulating ring 21 and gasket 22. Under the nuts 2 are stacked insulating washers 23.

The proposed heat generator shown in Figure 4 differs from the heat source, shown in Figures 1 and 2 in that instead of a monolithic disk 8, transmitting the rotation from the shaft 5 to the outer ring 9 mounted therein steel spokes 24 (such as cycling) inserted into the holes 25 and hub tensioned via tensioning screws 26 inserted into the recess drilled in the outer ring 9. This design reduces the mass of the rotating part of the heat generator (its rotor), which reduces the starting current of the motor, resulting in its rotation.

The proposed heat generator shown in Figure 5 differs from the heat source, shown in Figures 1 and 2 in that instead of a monolithic disk 8, transmitting the rotation from the shaft 5 to the outer ring 9, there is installed a more complex assembly consisting of the rim 27 made of duralumin, and is screwed on textolite plate 28 riveted to a metallic rivet nozzle 29 screwed on the threaded end of the shaft 5. Introduction textolite disk structure 28 reduces the treatment (and losses) the heat from the ring 5 on the shaft 9, since the PCB the thermal conductivity of a hundred times smaller than that of metal.

The device described operates as follows. In the inlet conduit 19 is fed through the working fluid to be heated (water, transformer oil, oil, antifreeze or the like.). It travels inside the heat source in the directions indicated by arrows, and flows out through the outlet 16. Thereafter include motor resulting in rotation of the shaft 5. As a result, the outer ring 9 begins to rotate, and in its radial bores start acting centrifugal forces, tending to throw the liquid from these holes to the inner surface of the housing 13 of the heat generator. But the forces liquid surface wettability stationary inner ring 10 prevent tearing of the liquid column in the radial opening of the ring 9, when the hole is blocked inside a continuous ring surface 10. As a result, the liquid column in the opening underpressure occurs most strongly near the bottom of the hole, and the cavitation bubbles are born uniting into cavitation. It breaks the continuity of the liquid column, and is separated from the bottom (the inner surface of the stationary ring 10). As a result, liquid is ejected from the radial force and rushes toward the hole inner surface of the housing 13 of the heat generator. In a collision with it liquid streams born shock wave, which contributes to the rapid collapse of cavitation bubbles in the fluid in the gap between the cylindrical surfaces of the housing 13 and the ring 9. When cavitation bubbles collapse temperature there rises to thousands of degrees Celsius, causing bubbles glow in the dark . (This is a long-known phenomenon called sonoluminescence.)

After the liquid discharge portions of the radial holes 9 in the rotating ring of the hole is filled a new portion of the working fluid through a radial opening in the inner ring 10 stationary when rotation of the ring 9 in the radial opening therein is aligned with the radial hole in the ring 10. After filling the holes in the radial 9, the ring opening process fluid is again blocked inside a continuous ring surface 10 by the rotation of the ring 9 and the above process repeated. Due to the fact that the filling of the radial holes 9 in the ring going from the inside (on the rotational axis of the ring), rather than outside, as in Griggs gidrosonnoy pump, centrifugal forces do not interfere with filling and help him, and filling occurs quickly. This is achieved by increasing the frequency of the emission portions of the working fluid from the radial holes and increase the heat capacity of the heat generator.

CLAIM

1. Cavitation-rotary heat generator consisting of a housing with inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, having a cylindrical cavity in which two coaxial rings, one of which is fixedly secured relative to the housing, and the other is driven by a drive shaft arranged coaxial with the ring, radial holes in these rings arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, characterized in that the outer coaxial ring is rotating, while the inner ring is stationary with respect to the heat generator casing with a clearance between the rotating outer coaxial ring and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing is from 0 5 to 3 mm.

2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the threaded end of the drive shaft is screwed steel disk with a rim, which is screwed onto the outer rotating ring.

3. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that fixed on the drive shaft hub, which is inserted in the steel spokes tensioned via tensioning bolts mounted in recesses in the outer rotating ring.

4. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the threaded end of the drive shaft is threaded metal cap, which is attached to the textolite disk rim, on which an outer ring is rotating.

5. The heat generator according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the diameter of the holes in the inner ring is stationary 1.5-3 times larger than the diameter of the holes in the outer rotating ring.

6. Heat generator according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the number of holes in the outer rotating ring is not equal to the number of holes in the inner ring is stationary.

print version
Publication date 30.12.2006gg