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THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING LIQUID MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2174648

HEAT TREATMENT-WASTE MANAGER

The name of the inventor: Tikhonov Mikhail Mikhailovich
The name of the patent holder: Tikhonov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 603139, Nizhny Novgorod, PO Box 84, V.A. Shmyrov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.10.05

The invention is intended to efficiently use heat from recycling by burning wood waste in the wood processing industry when drying lumber, and in heat power engineering for heating residential and industrial premises. The heat generator contains a fuel storage bin, a furnace having a combustion chamber and a sump, a fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace, a device for moving fuel inside the furnace, and a fuel supply control unit. The fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace is made in the form of a screw, which has two sections - the first inside the hopper and the second - between the hopper and the furnace, and in the both sections the same is done - either the right or left winding. The device for moving fuel inside the furnace is made in the form of a third section of the screw of the fuel supply device located inside the furnace, from the hopper to the furnace, having a winding of the "counter-movement", reversing the first and second sections of the screw, the fuel supply control unit is made in the form of two "Feed" And "Pause", connected to the electric motor of the fuel supply device drive from the hopper to the furnace. A heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the furnace, an inertial ash collector is connected to the outlet for combustion products, to the outlet of which, in turn, a smoke exhaust fan is connected. At the same time, the block of additional heat recovery of the exhaust gases of combustion products fixed in the form of a water jacket is immobile on the inertial ash collector.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is intended for use in the woodworking industry when drying lumber, and in heat power engineering for heating residential and industrial premises.

At present, in many enterprises of the woodworking industry, a large problem is created by production waste - sawdust, chips, shavings, etc., which must be stockpiled (which in turn is a problem because of the fire hazard of these wastes and the environmental pollution of their environment) or exported Outside the enterprise, to utilize. All this requires considerable time, effort and financial resources. At the same time, for such enterprises it is possible to profitably use almost free fuel with the help of various heat generators and utilizers.

It is known, for example, the design of a heat recovery unit according to RF patent No. 2092745, F 24 H 1/10, 1995, which makes it possible to utilize wood waste. However, this installation has large dimensions, is unreliable in work due to the complexity of the construction, requires the maintenance of qualified personnel (which makes its maintenance in rural areas very difficult), and does not allow efficient use of heat produced during utilization.

The closest solution to the technical essence and the effect achieved to the claimed is the known design of the device that can function as a heat generator for the utilization of wood waste under USSR patent No. 207833, F 23 B 1/38, 1965, containing a fuel storage bin, a furnace having A combustion chamber and a sump, a fuel supply device (plunger type feeder) from the hopper to the furnace, a device for moving fuel inside the furnace, made in the form of moving grates, and a cam-type fuel control unit.

Such a device, although it can recycle wood waste, however, because of the complexity of its construction, this plant is unreliable in operation and does not allow efficient use of heat produced during utilization.

The task, the solution of which is directed to the claimed invention, is a significant increase in the efficiency of the heat generator-utilizer of wood waste.

This task is solved with the help of a technical result from the use of the claimed invention, which is to increase the reliability of the heat generator, improve its operating conditions, and increase the efficiency of utilization of heat obtained from utilization of wood waste.

The said result is achieved by the fact that in a known heat recovery wood waste recycler containing a fuel storage bin, a furnace having a combustion chamber and a sump, a fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace, a device for moving fuel inside the furnace, and a fuel supply control unit

  • Firstly, the fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace is made in the form of a screw having two sections - the first inside the hopper and the second one - between the hopper and the furnace, both in the sections the same is done - either the right or left winding,
  • And secondly, the device for moving the fuel inside the furnace is made in the form of a third section of the screw of the fuel supplying device from the hopper to the furnace having the "counter-winding" winding back to the first and second sections of the screw,
  • Thirdly, the fuel supply control unit is made in the form of two "Feed" and "Pause" time relays connected to the drive motor of the fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace,
  • Fourthly, a heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the furnace, an inertial ash collector is connected to the outlet for combustion products, to the output of which the smoke exhaust is connected, while the inertial ash collector is fixedly fixed with a block of additional heat recovery of the exhaust gases of combustion products, made in the form of a water Shirts,
  • In the first embodiment, the heat exchanger has a housing inside which, on the tube chambers fixedly fixed to the housing and on the guide, the flow of heated air to the horizontal partition is fixedly fixed to the staggered vertical pipes for the removal of the gases of the combustion products of the fuel; in addition, the housing is horizontally fixed by the inlet And outlet nozzles for heated air, and above the upper part of the vertical pipes there is a coving with a lid whose internal cavity is connected on one side to the outlets of the vertical pipes and, on the other hand, to the cavity of the inertial ash collector installed outside the casing,
  • In the second embodiment, the heat exchanger has a housing configured as a horizontally arranged elongated parallelepiped with inlet and outlet nozzles for supplying and discharging the heated heat carrier (for example water, oil, etc.), inside the housing, fixed tube bodies fixedly mounted relative to the body Staggered vertical pipes for the removal of gases from the combustion products of fuel,
  • In addition, a vertical partition fixed to the walls of the housing and on the upper tube board is installed for directing the flow of the heat carrier, and a vertically arranged, vertically mounted with respect to the housing is placed vertically with a displacement towards the inlet for supplying heat transfer medium in the space between the inlet branch pipe and the vertical partition inertial Ash collector,
  • And the inlet connection of the coolant supply is installed near the upper part of the inertial ash collector, and the opening in the vertical partition for passage of the coolant is made near the lower part of the inertial ash collector,
  • In the upper part of the body there is a roof with a lid whose internal cavity is connected on one side with the outlets of vertical pipes and, on the other hand, with the cavity of the inertial ash collector, and there is a unit for venting steam and air released from the heat carrier when heated,
  • In addition, there are two mutually perpendicular vertical bulkheads fixedly fixed relative to the body.

Introduction of new units and elements into the above described design, and special implementation of already existing units and elements allows to significantly increase the reliability of work, improve the operating conditions of the device, and significantly increase the efficiency of utilization of waste wood produced during utilization.

The invention is illustrated by the drawings, in which:

HEAT TREATMENT-WASTE MANAGER

FIG. 1 shows the general scheme of the proposed heat generator-utilizer of wood waste

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace according to the arrow A for showing the mutual arrangement of the screw of the fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace with respect to the sump and the hatch for removing ash

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment ("dry") of the heat exchanger

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a heat exchanger - in the form of a water boiler

FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of the heat exchanger in arrow B to show the location of the internal bulkheads of the housing

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a vertical pipe with a heat-compensating knurled

The proposed waste wood heat generator comprises a bunker 1 for placing fuel 2 (sawdust, chips, chips, crushed branches and branches, etc.), a furnace 5 having a combustion chamber 4 and a sump 5, a fuel supply device 6 of the fuel 2 from the hopper 1 In the furnace 3, the device 7 for moving the fuel 2 within the furnace 3 and the control unit 8 of the fuel supply 2.

The supply device 6 of fuel 2 from the hopper 1 to the furnace 3 is made in the form of a screw 9 having two sections - the first 10 inside the hopper 1 and the second 11 - between the hopper 1 and the furnace 3, with the same in both sections - either the right or left winding .

The device 7 for moving the fuel 2 inside the furnace 3 is in the form of a third portion 12 of the screw 9 of the fuel supply device 2 from the hopper 1 located inside the furnace, to the furnace 3 having the winding of the "counter-movement", reversing the first 10 and the second 11 sections of the screw 9.

The control unit 8 of the fuel supply 2 is made in the form of two time relays: the relay 15 "Feed" and the relay 14 "Pause" connected to the electric motor 15 of the drive of the fuel supply device 6 from the hopper 1 to the furnace 3.

A heat exchanger 17 is connected to the outlet 16 of the furnace 3, an inertial ash collector 19 is connected to the combustion product outlet 18 (see Figure 3), to the outlet of which an exhauster 20 is connected, while the inertial ash collector 19 is fixedly fixed with an additional Utilization of heat of exhaust gases of combustion products, made in the form of a water jacket.

In the first embodiment (see Figure 3), the heat exchanger 17 has a housing 22 inside which, on the tube plates 23 fixedly fixed to the housing 22, and the heated air flow to the horizontal partition 24, the staggered vertical pipes 25 for withdrawing product gases Combustion of the fuel 2, in addition, the inlet 26 and the outlet 27 for the heated air are horizontally fixed on the housing 22, and above the upper part of the vertical pipes 25 there is a roof 28 with a lid 29, the inner cavity of which is connected on one side to the outlets of the vertical pipes 25, And on the other hand with the cavity of the inertial ash collector 19 installed outside the housing 22.

In the second embodiment (see Figures 4, 5), the heat exchanger 17 has a housing 30 formed as a horizontally arranged elongated parallelepiped with an inlet 31 and an outlet 32 ​​for supplying and discharging a heated heat carrier (for example water, oil, etc.). ). Inside the body 30, the stub pipes 33 of the combustion products of the fuel 2 are fixedly fixed in staggered relation to the body 30 of the tube boards 33. In addition, a vertical partition is fixedly fixed to the walls of the housing 30 inside the housing 30 and on the upper tube board 33 35 for directing the flow of the heat transfer medium, and an inertial ash catcher 19, vertically disposed with respect to the housing 30 vertically disposed toward the inlet nozzle 31 in the space between the inlet branch pipe 31 and the vertical partition 35, is installed, and the coolant supply inlet 31 is installed near the upper part of the inertial ash collector 19 , And the opening 36 in the vertical barrier 35 for passage of the heat transfer medium is made near the lower part of the inertial ash collector 19.

In the upper part of the housing 30 there is a roof 37 with a cover 38 whose inner cavity is connected on one side to the outlets of the vertical pipes 34 and on the other side to the cavity of the inertial ash collector 19, and there is a steam and air discharge unit 39 When heated from the coolant. In addition, two mutually perpendicular vertical bulkheads 40 are fixed within the housing 30 (see Figure 5), fixed vertically with respect to the housing 30, and the vertical pipes 34 are manufactured with a heat-compensating knurl 41 (see Figure 6).

PROPOSED HEAT MANAGER OF URBAN WASTE DISPOSAL
OPERATE AS FOLLOWS:

Before starting the operation of the unit, fuel 2 is filled into the hopper 1: sawdust, shavings, chips, crushed branches and branches, bark, etc.). After this, two time relays are set up: the relay 13 "Feed" and the relay 14 "Pause" of the control unit 8 of the fuel supply 2 to ensure a precise portioning of fuel 2 to the furnace 3, depending on the state (temperature, humidity) of the environment, Components of fuel 2, etc. Then, the electric motor 15 of driving the fuel supply device 6 from the hopper 1 to the furnace 3 is turned on, the fuel 2 is fed into the combustion chamber 4 of the furnace 3 and ignited. Fuel 2 is supplied to the furnace 5 in portions. The work of the device for moving fuel 7 inside the furnace 3 is carried out according to the scheme: "work - pause - work". In this case, the duration of work or pause is determined by two time relays: relay 13 "Feed" and relay 14 "Pause". After the combustion of the fuel 2, the ash formed is collected in the ash collector 5 (see Figure 2) and is removed therefrom, and the combustion gases generated by combustion of combustion gases through the vertical pipes 25 or 34 of the heat exchanger 17 first pass into the cavity of the roof 28 or 37 , Then enter the cavity of the inertial ash collector 19, after which, through the exhaust fan 20, chilled and purified from suspended particles are discharged into the atmosphere.

In the process of burning fuel 2 inside the heat exchanger, the following processes occur.

In the first embodiment of the heat exchanger (see Figure 3), the heating of the main heat carrier - air and additional water - in the water jacket 21 fixed on the inertial ash catcher 19 occurs as follows.

With the aid of a fan (not shown), cold air through the inlet 26 is fed into the cavity of the body 22 of the heat exchanger 17. Passing between the incandescent combustion products of the fuel 2 by vertical pipes 25, the air is heated and through the outlet 27 is fed into the room to be heated (for example for Drying of sawn timber). At the same time, the water passing through the water jacket 21 mounted on the inertial ash catcher 19 is heated by wiping off the last heat from the combustion gases of the fuel 2 passing through the cavity of the inertial ash collector 19. The heated water obtained can, for example, be used for the technological wetting of the lumber to be drained Or for any other purpose.

Upon completion of the installation, the cavities of the vertical pipes 25 are periodically cleaned by removing the lid 29 and allowing free access to the vertical pipes 25.

In the second embodiment of the heat exchanger 17 (see Figure 4), the main heating of the heating medium and its preheating (by washing the inertial ash collector 19) occurs as follows.

A cold coolant (water, etc.) is fed through the inlet 31 into the first cavity of the housing 30 by means of a pump (not shown). Here, in the first cavity, separated by a vertical partition 35 from the main cavity, the coolant is preheated and heat is removed from the exhaust gases , Passing through the inertial ash collector 19. Passing between the burning products of combustion by vertical pipes 34, the heat carrier is heated and through the outlet pipe 32 is fed into the heating system (premises, drying chamber, etc.).

Upon completion of the installation, the cavities of the vertical pipes 34 are periodically cleaned by removing the cover 38 and gaining easy access to the vertical pipes 34.

The use of the claimed invention allows:

1. Ensure the regulation of the power of the heat generator depending on the current state of the environment and the condition and type of components of the source fuel (grade, humidity, etc.).

2. Ensure the convenience of maintenance of the installation for a long time without operator intervention.

3. Increase the efficiency of the use of heat from the exhaust gases of combustion products by using additional heat removal with an additional heat carrier of increased heat capacity (water) in the water jacket around the inertial ash collector, allowing further use of this heated water for technological purposes (for example, for irrigation of the dried timber or For domestic needs).

4. Increase the reliability of the plant by ensuring the simplicity of its design.

5. Provide a high degree of maintainability by providing easy access to wear and burnable parts of the installation to replace them.

6. Increase the convenience of current maintenance of the plant by providing easy access to the cavities quickly contaminated by the products of combustion of vertical pipes and requiring their periodic cleaning.

7. Ensure the environmental cleanliness of the environment by reliable cleaning of suspended particles of exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere.

8. Increase the fire safety of operation of such an installation by eliminating the emission of sparks from the chimney by using an inertial ash collector as a spark arrestor.

9. Provide small dimensions of the installation due to the use of a compact heat exchanger of the original design, which makes it possible to change the direction of the heated air flow by 180 ° while ensuring a high efficiency of its operation.

CLAIM

1. A waste wood heat recovery generator comprising a fuel storage bin, a combustion chamber having a combustion chamber and a sump, a fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace, a fuel transfer device within the furnace and a fuel supply control unit, characterized in that the fuel supply device from Bunker in the furnace is made in the form of a screw, which has two sections - the first inside the hopper and the second one - between the hopper and the furnace, in both sections the same is done - either the right or left winding, the device for moving the fuel inside the furnace is made in the form of a third Section of the screw of the fuel supply device from the hopper to the furnace having the winding of the counter-movement, the reverse of the first and second sections of the screw, the fuel supply control unit is made in the form of two "Feed" and "Pause" time relays connected to the fuel supply drive motor of the fuel supply device Bunker in the furnace, a heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the furnace, an inertial ash collector is connected to the outlet for combustion products, an exhauster is connected to the outlet of which, in addition, an additional heat recovery unit of the exhaust gases of the combustion products is fixed on the inertial ash collector, Water jacket.

2. The waste wood heat-generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger has a housing inside which, on the tube chambers fixedly fixed on the body and on the guide stream of heated air, a horizontal partition is fixedly fixed in staggered vertical pipes for exhausting combustion products gases Fuel, in addition, the inlet and outlet nozzles for heated air are horizontally fixed on the housing, and above the upper part of the vertical pipes there is a roof with a cover whose internal cavity is connected on one side with the outlets of the vertical pipes, and on the other side with the inertial ash collector cavity , Installed outside the case.

3. The waste wood heat-generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger has a body made in the form of a horizontally arranged elongated parallelepiped with inlet and outlet nozzles for supplying and discharging a heated heat carrier (for example water, oil, etc.) , In the case of the pipe tubes fixedly fixed relative to the body, the staggered vertical pipes are fixedly fixed for exhausting the gases of the combustion products of the fuel; in addition, a vertical partition fixed to the walls of the housing and on the upper tube board is installed inside the housing for directing the flow of the coolant, The inertial ash collector is vertically disposed with a displacement in the direction of the inlet nozzle for supplying the heat carrier in the space between the inlet branch pipe and the vertical partition, the inlet nozzle of the coolant supply being installed near the upper part of the inertial ash collector, and the opening in the vertical partition for passage of the coolant is made near the bottom Parts of the inertial ash collector, at the top of the body there is a roof with a cover whose internal cavity is connected on one side with the outlets of the vertical pipes, and on the other hand with the cavity of the inertial ash collector, and there is a unit for venting steam and air released during heating From the coolant, in addition, there are two mutually perpendicular vertical bulkheads fixedly fixed to the body in the housing.

print version
Date of publication 30.12.2006гг