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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2292000

DEVICE FOR ENERGY FACILITIES WITH ENERGY low potential

DEVICE FOR ENERGY FACILITIES WITH ENERGY low potential

Name of the inventor: Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich (RU); Kudryavtsev Eugene P.
The name of the patentee: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Scientific-Production Center for deep drilling and integrated study of the Earth's interior" (FSUE SPC "Nedra")
Address for correspondence: 150063, Yaroslavl, ul. Trufanova, 21, building 2, kv.67, MI Kalinin
Starting date of the patent: 2005.04.20

The invention relates to devices for standalone heat and cold rooms in buildings of residential, cultural, educational, trade and administrative and other purposes, the use of renewable sources of low-potential heat from the environment (top, down to a depth of 100-200 m, the soil layers) and thermal discharges of ventilation air , after collecting the recyclable heat the soil and air, using heat pumps. Technical result: the expansion of the technological features of the device by allowing adjustment of temperature of coolant at the outlet of the SRT before supplying it to the heat pump during the heating season and the impact on temperature control wells teplosbora in interheating periods, in order to stabilize KPTN and increase its mean seasonal values, with taking into account the different geological prerequisites for the operation of the device (including the range of the initial temperature of the upper layers of soil 5-8 ° C), but also to ensure the possibility of using the potential of refrigerated wells to cool the premises, thus obtaining, besides advanced technological capabilities, additional contribution to energy flows entering the consumer enhancing KIPE. The device for power supply facilities using low-potential energy, comprising networked heating facilities with piping hot and cold water through vodoakkumulyatory with peak dogrevatelyami and capacitors are the primary and secondary heat nasosoz, collection system and waste heat utilization of soil, including the primary coolant circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium, passing through the set in wells heat exchanger and evaporator core of the heat pump, but also the system of collecting and recycling the heat removed from the premises of ventilation air, comprising an additional water circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the water-air heat exchanger connected air side to the heater and fan supplying exhaust air and water side to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator an additional heat pump, the water side water-air heat exchanger connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator an additional heat pump through a jumper and connected via other links from the outputs of the heat exchangers in the wells, to transmit the heat collected on the air side of the heat exchanger, or reheating of low-grade heat transfer medium in the main circulation circuit before supplying coolant to the evaporator core heat pump when switched off via jumper from the water-air heat exchanger additional heat pump or in the recovery of thermal cooling mode while collecting heat wells ground when disabled via a jumper from the low-grade coolant circuit primary and secondary heat pumps , with the inputs and outputs of heat exchangers in the wells linked with the inlet and outlet of the evaporator core of the heat pump through the jumpers, and water side of the water-air heat exchanger is provided at the output plug for the separation of low-grade coolant flow on the forward and reverse, the heat exchanger branches related to the coolant flow controller in forward and reverse branches and installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger before the fork, coolant temperature sensor.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to systems for autonomous power supply facilities (heating, hot water, getting cold) in buildings of residential, cultural, educational, commercial and administrative, industrial and other purposes, both in new construction and reconstructed Fund, the use of renewable low-grade energy sources basically natural origin (upper heat, to a depth of 100-200 m, ground layers) or man-made origin, for example, heating ventilation discharges. This low thermal potential sources is adjusted to a higher temperature level required consumer by recycling recoverable heat energy from low-grade thermotransformation heat pumps.

A device for power supply facilities using a renewable natural sources of low-potential heat energy of the upper layers of the earth by ground heat exchangers and a heat pump wells. The device is applied to the geological and climatic conditions of one of the central regions of Russia for heating rural school buildings / Vasiliev GP Krundyshev NS Energy Efficient rural school in the Yaroslavl region. - AVOK 2002, №5, s.22-24 /. The device comprises connected to the space heating networks (heating network) through vodoakkumulyatory with peak dogrevatelyami and capacitors heat pumps, collection and utilization of heat of soil system comprising a circulation circuit freezing low-grade heat transfer medium (water with antifreeze additives ethylene glycol - antifreeze) flowing through the heat pump evaporator and placed in wells of a coaxial type heat exchanger (heat exchanger 8 of "tube in tube"). The space between the tubes of the heat exchanger transfers heat from the coolant surrounding soil, after which the heated coolant is fed through the central tube to the evaporator of the heat pump.

When collecting (removing) the heat of soil using borehole heat exchangers (SRT) is a cooling holes are accumulated during the heating season and, consequently, reducing the temperature circulating through the coolant service, which leads during the season and from season to season in a reduction of the heat pump conversion efficiency ( KPTN). KPTN defined as the ratio of generated heat output (the amount of electric power of the heat pump drive and thermal power extracted from SRT) to the electric power of the heat pump.

As a consequence, this increases the amount of electricity consumed by the drive, resulting in a decrease of mean current and primary energy coefficients (KIPE), i.e. fuel consumed in the production of electricity at the power plant, which increases the operating costs and the cost of thermal energy from the ground heat pump systems (TNU).

The disadvantage of this device is the fact that its design does not provide the possibility of heating the cooling of coolant before it enters the heat pump during periods of operation of the heating network, and the adjustment and temperature cooled during the heating season SRT. The latter circumstance leads to incomplete restoration of the natural soil temperature interheating periods, the level of which is determined by the intensity and duration of solar radiation, and these characteristics can vary from year to year, and the soil temperature deficit relative to the start of its value - to accumulate with each heating season. This is even more evident in the multi-well collection system of soil heat applied to the device, since the level of the extraction wells cooling heat exchangers ground is enhanced by thermal interference wells.

Due to the impossibility of adjustment and stabilization of the cooling temperature of the coolant for the value KPTN known device in a few heating seasons was the weighted average of about 2.5 units (based on a 3.23 for the first month of the heating season and then 2.16 - before the end of the season / Vasiliev GP Krundyshev NS Energy Efficient rural school in the Yaroslavl region -. AVOK 2002, №5, s.22-24 /). As the well-known recommendations, such as / Kalnin IM, IK Sawicki Heat pumps: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Refrigeration 2000, №10, s.2-6 /, this value corresponds to the lower limit of economically viable indicators for the installation of geothermal heat pump with electric determining its competitiveness in relation to the traditional boiler. In addition, the potential demand is not cooled well, which could be economically advantageous to use cooling facilities in the summer, combining the possibility of cooling with additional thermal recovery wells regime and thus increasing KIPE at the expense of useful thermal energy flows and additional adjustments to the consumer.

It is known another device for power supply facilities using low-potential energy in the form of disposition, with the help of heat pumps, heat, ventilation and air extraction / VF Hershkowitz Experience with in Kiev heat pump "air-water" for heating an office building. - News heating. 2001, №11, s.38-41 /. A device designed for space heating and the provision of additional services in the form of cooling in summer, includes connected to the district heating network (to the heating network) through vodoakkumulyatory and condenser heat pump "air-water" (air-conditioning circuit antifreeze) collection system and heat recovery ventilation air supplied to the premises and removed from the premises. The system includes the main (supply line) and additional (exhaust line) circuit circulation of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the heat pump evaporator and water-air heat exchanger (such as "liquid-to-air"), connected air side of the fan air supply provided with a heater in the composition of the air conditioner, and water side - to the input and output of the heat pump evaporator. In this case, the heater in the composition of the air conditioner is used for reheating the peak at ambient temperatures below -15 ° C.

The drawbacks of this device consist in the fact that an effective application of the external (atmospheric) air as a source of low-grade heat is limited firstly specified limit outdoor temperatures which, for other climatic conditions, such as in the central regions of Russia, significantly far from the calculated temperature for heating networks. This situation will lead to an increase in the proportion of peak reheating to unsustainable values. In addition, the air supply and exhaust ventilation due to a low specific heat content, as compared to the heat transfer fluid requires significant volumes of its submission, which is associated with the installation of high-power ventilation equipment. Although the device and provides additional services by allowing the use of the heat pump in chiller mode, however, to use the device, in addition to heating, for hot water (DHW) will require an increase in the air volume and significant additional costs associated with the cost of fans and energy consumed by them. Moreover, as noted in the above source information KPTN level achieved in the device at the maximum possible heating power is about 2.4 units, i.e. there is even a little below the threshold of cost-competitive values ​​for electrically driven heat pumps.

We know the closest to the proposed invention is a device for power supply facilities using low-potential energy, in which the combined use of two sources of low-potential thermal energy: heat the upper layers of the soil and heat ventilation air to be removed. The device is applied to the geological and climatic conditions of one of the central regions of Russia, for DHW multistory apartment house on the outskirts of Moscow / Vasiliev GP Energy-efficient pilot residential building in the neighborhood Nikulino-2. - AVOK 2002, №4, s.10-18 /.

The device comprises connected to the space heating network (WAN network with piping hot and cold water), through vodoakkumulyatory with peak dogrevatelyami and capacitors are the primary and secondary heat pump system for collecting and recycling the heat of soil, including the primary coolant circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the set in wells, heat exchangers and the evaporator core of the heat pump, but also the system of collecting and recycling the heat removed from the premises of ventilation air, comprising an additional water circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the water-air heat exchanger connected air side to the heater and fan feed removed from the indoor air, and the water side - for additional input and output of the heat pump evaporator. By providing the alternate or joint loading the primary and secondary heat pumps due to the possibility of feeding them antifreeze two streams, one of which is heated by the warm ground, the other - warm ventilation air removed, the device allows for year-round heating of hot water in the water network. At the same time by switching one stream to another is possible to turn off the flow circuit ground in the summer to ensure that the natural recovery of the thermal wells mode by solar insolation.

Since this restoration for the reasons mentioned above, it is not complete and deficiency temperatures ground relative to the reference temperature stored by one heating season to another known apparatus, effective for this type of heat as hot water, when there are technological breaks in the selection of hot water from vodoakkumulyatorov in during the day, it is impossible to use in conjunction with a continuous process, for example, for room heating simultaneously with heat soil. Achieved using the device KPTN indicators (annual average - about 3.5 units, taking into account the electricity consumption circulating pumps - 2.1) or iz-za need to increase the volume of ventilation air pump and associated costs, or a significant proportion of the peak reheating, will at economically acceptable lower heating value, which is the main drawback of the device. As in the first analogue, the device does not provide an impact with the help of technical means on the temperature supplied by STO in heat pumps and coolant temperature on the recovery wells. These shortcomings, but also the fact that the design of the device (selected for a prototype) does not allow to use different sources of low-grade heat for the complex energy facilities (heating, domestic hot water, refrigeration), including: using building chilled well in the summer time, adversely affect the value of the average KPTN and KIPE.

Thus, one of the problems to be solved in the present invention is to expand the technological functions of the device by providing a coolant temperature correction capability at the output of the service station before it is fed into the heat pump during the heating season and the impact on the temperature teplosbora wells mode interheating periods to stabilize and increase its KPTN of mean values, given the different geological prerequisites to operate the device (including the range of initial temperatures of the upper soil layers: 5-8 ° C).

The second problem: in conjunction with the "artificial" recovery temperature wells provide the opportunity to exploit the potential of refrigerated wells to cool the premises and thus obtain, in addition to advanced technological capabilities, an additional contribution to energy flows entering the consumer, increasing KIPE.

The first task will allow the soil at temperatures typical for the central regions of Russia (5-8 ° C) and low values ​​of the coefficient of efficiency electricity generation (accepted 0.3 unit), get the value of mean KPTN least 3.0-3.5 units and KIPE levels close to or greater than 1.0 unit (KIPE determined by multiplying the efficiency of the power plant on the achieved value KPTN ).

The second task will allow, in addition to the expansion of services to the consumer through an integrated energy facilities (heating, domestic hot water, cooling), obtained using the potential of refrigerated wells interheating periods opportunity to further increase KPTN and KIPE, at least 10-20%.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION. In order to achieve the objectives and eliminate the drawbacks of known devices in the device for power supply facilities using low-potential energy, comprising networked heating facilities with piping hot and cold water through vodoakkumulyatory with peak dogrevatelyami and capacitors are the primary and secondary heat pump system for collecting and heat recovery from the soil, including the primary water circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the set in wells heat exchanger and evaporator core of the heat pump, but also the system of collecting and recycling the heat removed from the premises of ventilation air, comprising an additional water circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the water-air heat exchanger connected air party to the heater and the fan feeding the exhaust air, and the water side to the input and output of an additional heat pump evaporator, the inventive water side of the water-air heat exchanger is connected to the input and output of an additional heat pump evaporator through a jumper and connected through another jumper from output of heat exchangers in wells with the ability to transfer heat, collected on the air side of the heat exchanger, or reheating of low-grade heat transfer medium in the main circulation circuit before supplying coolant to the evaporator core heat pump when switched off via jumper from the water-air heat exchanger additional heat pump or in the recovery of thermal cooling mode while collecting heat soil wells in disabled through a jumper from the circulation circuits of low-grade coolant primary and secondary heat pumps, with the inputs and outputs of heat exchangers in the wells linked with the inlet and outlet of the main heat pump evaporator through the jumpers, and water side of the water-air heat exchanger is provided at the output plug for the separation of low-grade coolant flow to the line and Conversely, in the heat exchanger, the branches related to the coolant control costs in the forward and backward branches and installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger before the fork, coolant temperature sensor.

An additional difference between the device is that it is provided with a system of water, air or the mixed cooling space consisting mounted one or more circulation loops cooling energy carrier, each of which is provided with a cooling manifold as mounted in the enclosing elements pipes space, including one of the contours taken with can be connected via the jumper to the pipe for supplying cold water, or in a mounted additional water-air heat exchanger connected air side to set the air supply fan in an additional heat exchanger, wherein at least one of the circulation circuits of the cooling energy source connected pipes or the other side of the additional heat exchanger the outputs and inputs of the heat exchangers in wells through the jumper, to supply low-grade coolant to one or more cooling reservoirs during off via jumpers from the main circulation circuit of coolant mainly low-grade heat pump and connected by bridges to the additional circuit of low-grade secondary coolant heat pump.

Another optional device distinction is that it is provided with an additional loop circulation of cooling energy source connected via the jumper to the input and output capacitor main heat pump and connected through installed at the outlet of the condenser cooling capacity, with one side mounted water-water heat exchanger, the other side of which is connected via a bridge to the inputs and outputs of heat exchangers in the wells, the possibility of obtaining the cooling capacity in the reverse mode switching of the main heat pump, the evaporator of which is connected with the through additional bridge to set together with the air cooling space to a still further circuit of cooling energy carrier associated with the conduit through the conduit supplying cold water to the circulation circuit or cooling energy source to a conduit supplying cold water in the system or mixed water cooling.

FIG.

1 is a diagram of the apparatus in its mode of connection elements for space heating function, i.e. heating and hot water.

Figure 2 shows a fragment of the device, in the mode of connection of its elements for the implementation interheating hot water periods, and cooling in the summer due to the direct use of the potential of chilled during the heating period wells.

3 is another piece of the device in the mode for the connection of its components in a WAN interheating periods, and to create a higher degree of cooling by using cold of wells using a heat pump chiller mode.

4 shows the energy flow diagram to illustrate the advantages of the present invention in the quantities and KIPE KPTN achieved in the proposed device as compared with a diagram for one of the analog device.

Implementation of the invention. The device for power supply facilities using low-potential energy comprises connected to the district heating network (Figure 1 shows the heating network in the form of conditional pipeline 1 the cold water supply and return pipelines 2, 3 hot water heating subsystem, the pipe 4 hot water in the hot water supply subsystem ) through vodoakkumulyatory 5, 6, with peak elektrodogrevatelyami 7, 8 (variants are possible peak dogrevateley for solid, liquid or gaseous fuels), and capacitors 9, 10 of the main 11 and auxiliary 12 heat pumps, heat, soil collection and disposal system. The system includes a closed primary circulation circuit 13, low-grade non-freezing coolant (e.g., cooling fluid) passing through the heat exchangers mounted in holes 14 in the form of, for example, U-shaped plastic tubing (Figure 1 wells are not shown, and may use a coaxial heat exchanger type), and the evaporator 15 of the heat pump 11. The main parameters of the multi-well system heat exchanger 14 is selected according to a predetermined heat demand of heating object. Thus, compared with known devices, provided by the coolant temperature correction before being fed to the heat pump 11 and additional thermal recovery wells interheating mode periods, it is possible to reduce the length or quantity STR at designing devices for the same heat demand (about 20-40 %, based on the rational relation and construction costs KPTN value within a predetermined range from 3.0 to 3.5 units). Take into account the possibility of reducing, for the same reasons, the distance between stations and the total area for construction of the underground circuit, which also reduces the cost of construction.

The apparatus and comprises heating of premises connected to the network via vodoakkumulyatory 5, 6 elektrodogrevatelyami peaks 7, 8 and capacitors 9, 11, 10 heat pump, 12 heat collection and disposal system contained in the space being removed from the ventilation air. The system includes an additional circuit 16 circulation of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the water-air heat exchanger 17 connected air side to the heater 18 and the fan 19 feeding the exhaust air, and the water side - to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator 20 of the heat pump 12 through the jumpers 21 and 22, and and to the outputs of bridge 14 through the heat exchangers 23 and 24. in this case, the inputs and outputs of coils 14 associated with the inlet and outlet of the evaporator 15, the heat pump 11 through the jumpers 25, 38, 39 and 26. The water side of heat exchanger 17 is provided at the output of a fork 27 (FIG .1 point conditionally shown) for dividing the incoming flow of coolant to the heat exchanger 28 and return line 29 branches. The plug 27 is associated with 30 as flow regulator in forward and reverse branches and installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger 17, in front of a fork, the sensor 31, the coolant temperature.

Both vapor compression heat pump type electric compressor (refrigerant vapor compression direction is shown in schematic of heat pump in Figure 1, the apex of the triangle). At least one of the heat pump (basic heat pump 11) has a reverse design, that is, the ability to switch a chiller mode (changing the compression direction is shown with the conventionally opposite direction in Figure 3 vertices of the triangle).

The device is provided and the webs 32, 33, 34 (Figure 1) for the separation of the cold water flow; the webs 35, 36, 37 in the hot water supply pipelines, jumpers 40, 41, 42 to connect through the circuit 13 to the outputs and inputs of the heat exchangers 14 Air cooling facilities (2). There are 43 bridges and 44 for connection of an additional circuit 45 circulating antifreeze to the input and output capacitor 9 of the heat pump 11 (3), the jumpers 46 and 47 for connection to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator 15 of the heat pump 11, one additional cooling loop circulating 48 energy carrier (antifreeze from SRT or cold water). Circuit 48 can be made autonomously (for reconstructed Foundation) or in the form of a projected (for new construction), one of the additional circuits in the system water, or mixed indoor cooling with a cooling manifold in the form of tubes mounted in the enclosing elements premises, for example in a ceiling ceiling or wall panels. 3 shows an example of connection circuit 48 with the coil 49 of the tube, installed in the ceiling, with the possibility of feeding cold water through the conduit 50 (Figure 1) and a conduit 51 (Figure 3).

The system of air cooling facilities (2) includes a water circuit cooling energy carrier (antifreeze from SRT), consisting of pipes 52 and 53, equipped with a cooling manifold in the form of a mounted additional air-water heat exchanger 54 connected to the side of the air supply fan 55 in 54 air heat exchanger for cooling. At the same time the other side of the heat exchanger 54 by jumpers 41 and 42 and the pipes 52 and 53 connected to the outputs and inputs of the heat exchangers 14 (2, 1 and 3 air cooling system are not shown).

Instead of a system such as air may be other performance cooling system, for example, water or a mixed cooling system. connect through the circuit 13, bypassing the evaporator 15, to the outputs and inputs of heat exchangers 14 for supply of cooling antifreeze in the coil 49 to create 48 water circuit cooling system (3) with its input 56 and output 57 (FIG. this connection is not shown) .

Mixed cooling system is preferable, because in parallel with the air cooling (2) by connecting loop 48 through the conduit 34, the conduit 50 (Figure 1) and a conduit 51 (Figure 3) to the pipeline 1 and the cold water inlet connection 38 and through the lintel 39 to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator 15, the heat pump 11 is used to create a higher level of the cooling loop through the evaporator 15, cold water. To provide a stage to the heat pump 11 and is connected via jumpers 43 and 44 to the input and output capacitor 9 additional circuit 45 circulating coolant (antifreeze). The circuit 45 is equipped with a water-to-water heat exchanger with 58 mounted on one side of the heat exchanger of the refrigerating capacity of 59, designed, for example, for food storage. At the same time the other side of the heat exchanger 58 is connected via a bridge 40, 47 and 46 to the inputs and outputs of borehole heat exchangers 14 with the possibility of creating an additional circuit 60 circulating antifreeze from the heat exchanger 14 through the heat exchanger 56 (3).

For the implementation of energy circulation in the device used circulation pumps 61, 62, 63, 64 (circulation pumps for heating and hot water supply networks are not shown).

Operation of the device is implemented as follows

At the beginning of the heating season with the help of the circulation pumps 61 and 62 (1) start the work contours 13 and 16 low-grade coolant circulation (antifreeze). To this end, blocking the jumper 23, 24, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47 and the connecting bridges 25, 38, 39, 26, the coolant pump 61 is supplied to the heat pump evaporator entrance November 15, then through the evaporator to the inputs of borehole heat exchangers 14 and again recycled through the exits STR 15 at the entrance of the evaporator, circulating in a closed circuit 13. The circulation pump 62, open at the webs 21 and 22, carried by supplying antifreeze to the heat exchanger 17, the evaporator inlet 20 of the heat pump 12, and further through the evaporator, circulating antifreeze closed loop 16. at the same time include a fan 19 and removed with the help of its indoor air is fed through a heater 18 (when needed reheating the air) to the air-side heat exchanger 17, the output of which air is fed into the cooling zone (illustrated in Figure 2 by the arrows on the left ).

By circulating the coolant in the low-grade coolant circuit 13 passes through the heat exchangers 14 wells, which is accompanied by selection of heat from the surrounding ground through the walls of heat exchanger tubes. Thus heated coolant is fed to the evaporator 15 of the heat pump 11, where the heat utilization (heat removal) due to the interaction of the coolant circulating in the heat pump circuit is a low-boiling refrigerant, and to form a vapor evaporation. Thermotransformation heat transferred to the higher temperature level occurs by compressing the vapor compressor, causing them to heat up and transfer heat through the heated water condenser 9 (compressor operation expend energy). Water is supplied to the condenser 9 through the return line 3 from heaters (radiator) installed in rooms heated by the heat pump 11 to a certain temperature determined by the terms of efficient operation of the heat pump (the recommended maximum for ground TNU is 55 ° C, which corresponds to for example, the reference temperature for hot water).

For peak reheat heating water in the coldest day (up to an estimated temperature in the forward pipeline 70 ° C, 1) is used dogrevatel 7, for example, a heating element disposed in vodoakkumulyatore 5.

Similarly, heating is carried DHW fed through conduit 4 laid through the condenser 10 and the heat pump 12 vodoakkumulyator 6. In this low-grade heat transfer medium circulating in the circuit 16, to supply the circulating pump 62 to the evaporator 20 is heated by passing through one of the sides the heat exchanger 17 by heat transfer, assembled on the air side of the heat exchanger. Since the temperature to be removed from the premises of the ventilation air before feeding it to the fan 19 to the heat exchanger 17, is always positive, stable operating temperature of the heat pump 12 in the hot water network is maintained throughout the year, using, if necessary, as the peak dogrevatelya the system of collection and heat recovery air heater 18 and water coming from vodoakkumulyatora 6 mounted therein elektrodogrevatel 8 (for the preparation of water at 50-55 ° C cost, usually heat pump without dogrevatelya peak, serving as a backup power). Thus, unlike the heat pump 11 operated for heating, the heat pump hot water supply network 12 are periodically turned off in accordance with the cyclogram vodoakkumulyatora load 6, which is set according to the period analysis of hot water consumers. Preference is given to the heat pump and load vodoakkumulyatorov at night, when reduced, as a rule, the electricity tariff at this time of day, guided by a factor reducing energy costs.

These technological breaks in the present device is used to switch the system for collecting and recycling exhaust air heat to preheat and stabilizing function of low-grade heat medium temperature in the circuit 13 and waste heat collection system ground, before supplying coolant to the heat pump 11. This is required to compensate, at least in part, without interrupting the heating process, the coolant temperature drop due to cooling holes in the collection of soil heat during the heating season. At the same time take into account the recommended temperature of the coolant to flow into the evaporator, which during the heating season and the design life of ground heat pump (not less than 15-20 years) should not fall below -5 ° C. This system breaks when connected to hot water and to make useful adjustments to the temperature regime in the wells interheating periods when the heat pump 11 is not engaged in heating.

To this end, the switched off circulating pump 62 and heat pump 12, closing the jumpers 21, 22, 25 and the connecting bridges 23, 24, antifreeze circulation pump 61 is fed downstream of the evaporator 15 through the borehole heat exchangers 14 to heat exchanger 17. Simultaneously connect the temperature sensor 31 at the outlet from the heat exchanger 17, configurable to work in this period, some positive temperature coolant, eg, 2-3 ° C. Control the coolant temperature sensor and if it corresponds to or above a predetermined value, serves a full flow of coolant through the plug 27 and the jumper 24 to the evaporator 15 of the heat pump 11. If the control temperature is reduced permissible value from the sensor 31 includes a fan 19 and a heater 18. To avoid icing heater due to contact air-side heat exchanger 17 from its other side, where the circulating cooling fluid may have a temperature of about 0 ° C and below, run in operation knob 30 by which the flow of the heat exchanger 17 after passing through plug 27 is divided into a straight branch 28 (further through the conduit 24) and a return branch 29 (hereinafter referred to heat exchanger 17). In batch (repeated) circulation of the coolant through the heat exchanger 17, the controller 30 is used for changing the flow ratio of direct and reverse flow so that the coolant supplied from the heat exchanger 14, gradually, from one cycle to feed through the return branch 29, preheated to a normative value controlled sensor 31. After that, the entire coolant stream is fed back via a direct branch of 28. The number of control cycles to limit in accordance with the given technology included in the work of the heat pump hot water supply network 12 when the collection and heat recovery exhaust air system should switch back to the evaporator 20.

После окончания отопительного сезона рассмотренный метод повышения и стабилизации температуры низкопотенциального теплоносителя используют для корректировки температурного режима скважин в межотопительные периоды. Для этого в промежутки времени, определяемые технологическими перерывами в приготовлении воды для ГВС летом, низкопотенциальный теплоноситель (тосол), перекрывая перемычки 38, 39 и подключая перемычку 40, подают циркуляционным насосом 61, минуя тепловой насос 11, и далее через скважинные теплообменники 14 к теплообменнику 17 для подогрева теплоносителя теплом удаляемого из помещений, с помощью вентилятора 19, воздуха. При этом узел регулирования (позиции 29-31) подключают только при необходимости использования калорифера 18, определяемой сигналом температурного датчика 31.

Для поддержания микроклимата в помещениях в летнее время устройство может быть применено путем использования потенциала охлажденных в течение отопительного периода скважин, либо на прямое охлаждение помещений от скважин с подключением системы воздушного охлаждения (фиг.2), либо на создание более высокой ступени охлаждения с использованием холода от скважин через тепловой насос 11, который переключают в режим холодильной машины (фиг.3).

In the first case, covering the jumper 23, 24, 46, 47 and the connecting bridges 41 and 42 (Figure 1), refrigerant (cooled antifreeze) after passing through the borehole heat exchangers 14 and 25, the open bridge serves circulating pump 61, bypassing the heat pump 11, through the conduit 41, the cooling manifold, i.e. to the water-air heat exchanger 54 (2), the air side of which is connected to a powered fan 55, a part, for example, as one of the components of the air conditioner. Variant-conditioned preferable because the air conditioner is already provided for preventing any adverse effects associated with the air-side heat exchanger by contact with liquid coolant flowing through the other side of the heat exchanger and having a temperature of about 0 ° C and below. When the blowing fan 55 of heat exchanger 54 on the one hand by contact with the other side, which is supplied through the cooled heating season the heat exchangers 14 of cooling fluid, cooling the air, then the air from the heat exchanger 54 is directed to refrigerated areas housings (shown schematically in Figure 2 by arrows ). From the heat exchanger 54 antifreeze is recycled back to the inputs of the heat exchangers 14 via the jumper 42, when overlapped webs 26 and 46. At the same time provide a low level of cooling, the air temperature supplied to the room, 14-18 ° C.

In the case of using a water cooling system which may be used independently or in parallel with an air cooling system, the circulating circuit 48 connects the input 56 and output 57 (Figure 3) to the inputs and outputs of borehole heat exchangers 14 (in FIG. Conditionally not shown). Cooling facilities produce through the ceiling, which is a coil 49, by inputting 56 and further into the coil antifreeze circulating pump 61 of the heat exchangers 14 (the cold water jumper 51 is blocked, 3). Perhaps the performance of the water and the cooling system with antifreeze supply from the heat exchangers 14 directly to the heaters (radiators), previously used for space heating.

In order to ensure a higher level of air or water cooling and to create the conditions, for example, to store food in the summer, take the opportunity to switch the heat pump 11 in the reverse mode of operation as chiller. For this purpose a circulation loop 48 is fed through a conduit 50, a jumper 34 (1) and 51 (3) and the cold water circuit 48 connects the input 56 and output 57 to the evaporator 15 of the heat pump 11 between the webs 38 and 39, thus providing by a circulation pump 63 circulates water through the evaporator coil 15 and 49. at the same time the capacitor 9 of the heat pump 11 is connected to an additional circulation circuit 45 by jumpers 43 and 44, cutting webs 36 through 37 and the heating water feed line 9 to the condenser. after switching the heat pump in the reverse mode (shown schematically in the opposite direction of the image points of the triangle of the heat pump 11, 3) cooling the energy carrier (antifreeze in the circuit 45) is fed through the condenser 64 circulating pump 9 to one side of the water-water heat exchanger 58, through heat exchanger 58, connected to it through a cooling capacity of 59 and then again returned to the condenser 9, which in turn reverse mode of the heat pump 11 serves as an evaporator / Heinrich G., X. The Nayork, B. Nestler heat pump system for heating and hot water // Trans. with it. - M .: Stroyizdat. 1985 s.202-206 /. Through the other side of the heat exchanger 58 and open bridges 46 and 47 (41 and 42 closed) is fed downhole from antifreeze cooled heat exchanger 14 of circulation pump 61, passing through the conduit 40 of heat pump 11. In this case, using the potential wells is not cooled directly, but through the heat pump chiller mode, provide substantially higher cooling rate than direct cooling of the wells (the temperature in the refrigerating container 59 reach 2-4 ° C).

Thus the loop 48 to the direct cooling holes fed from the cooling fluid, and if necessary create higher cooling stage switch circuit 48 for supply of cold water, thus connecting the circuit 13 to supply antifreeze to the heat exchanger 58 (Figure 3). Instead, the cooling capacity of 59, serves as a cold accumulator, heat exchanger 58 can be equipped with an air cooling unit with connection, similar to the diagram in Figure 2, the fan 55 thus provides a higher level of cooling air required, for example, to cool the premises with maximum summer temperatures of external air. First, however, use of direct cooling holes, as shown in Figure 2, since in this case cooling operating costs low (limited circulation costs).

The device, equipped with the technical means to ensure the correct temperature exiting the STO low-grade coolant, heating and temperature stabilization of the coolant before it enters the evaporator of the heat pump heating systems, but also to adjust the temperature wells in interheating periods will significantly increase the average seasonal value KPTN.

The calculations of technical and economic parameters / MI Kalinin, Khakhaev Boris Baranov AV Geothermal heating central regions of Russia with the use of shallow and deep wells. Electrical 2004, №4, s.8-13 / showed that the improvement of groundwater heat pump according to claim 1 of the following claims, even at low initial temperature of the top, to a depth of 100 m, the soil layers (eg, the average value of the Yaroslavl region not more than 6-8 ° C), will provide, with reference to the heating water circuit with temperature conditions 70/50 ° C (figure 1), the same length and number of stations, KPTN of mean value of 3.3 units (corresponding diagram energy flows in Figure 4, right). This value is 1.3 times more than previously achieved average seasonal index for heating from the ground TNU school premises, in the same geological and climatic conditions - 2.5 units / Vasiliev GP Krundyshev NS Energy Efficient rural school in the Yaroslavl region. - AVOK 2002, №5, s.22-24 /, which corresponds to a different energy flow chart (Figure 4, above). This KIPE for advanced project is about 1.0 units, which exceeds the efficiency traditional boiler and compare the performance of the existing dirt TNU (KIPE = 0.75, Figure 4, above).

To assess KPTN KIPE and the following formulas were used:

(For all installations using ground heat)

(For systems without generating cold)

(For plants with output of cold)

where n e - contribution of the heat pump drive electric power in the energy flows in% (adopted in accordance with the losses during transportation of fuel to the power plant, the production and transmission of electric energy);

PG - contribution extracted from the soil heat capacity, in%;

P X - contribution of the direct cooling of the SRT in the summer, in%.

In this primary energy of fuel consumed for generating power for the heat pump is set to 100%.

4 It is clear from the chart that the performance of the device according to claim 2, in addition to a significant expansion of the technological possibilities (heating, domestic hot water all year round, two-stage cooling in summer), allows besides to make an additional contribution to energy flows entering the consumer. At the same time due to the direct cooling of the wells with simultaneous discharge them from the premises through the heat exchanger 54 according to the scheme in Figure 2 KPTN increase to 3.7 units (energy flow diagram, Figure 4, below), since in this case, the low-grade heat transfer fluid further heated in the air heat exchanger fan 55 supplied through a heat exchanger.

Comparison of diagrams in Figure 4 shows that the proportion of PG per unit of electricity to drive the heat pump increases in accordance with increase KPTN. Changing the relationship between P E and P F means that realized by applying the invention to increase 5-10 ° C and stabilization of mean temperature of the coolant before entering the heat pump will lead to the fact that for every 10 kW heat output of the heat pump will be 7.3 kW provided by ground heat power extracted, and only 2.7 kW - electric power by driving a heat pump (Figure 4, bottom), whereas for analogue selected from ground heat power - 6 kW of electric - 4 kW (Figure .4, above). In practice, this will reduce the energy expenditure by 1.5 times.

Consequently, the overall increase KIPE, according to the diagram in Figure 4 below, using the amount of direct cooling holes of at least 85% (the positive effect of the use of cooling with a heat pump chiller mode is not taken into account). Accordingly, to reduce the cost of generated heat and improve resource-saving and environmental (reduction of CO 2 emissions and other harmful emissions) indicators in comparison with known analogues TNU applicable to energy facilities using the heat of exhaust air and ground heat.

The advantages of the invention are considered by the example of the relatively low efficiency power production (0.3) consumed by heat pumps, and the heating mode when the water temperature in the forward and return pipelines 70 and 50 ° C respectively. Obviously, in the case of using the fuel to power plants with higher efficiency, and space heating and heating-based networks with low-temperature regimes (45/35 ° C and below, implemented in embodiments of floor heating or capillary networks, laid in the wall panels ., etc.) KPTN with the present invention has the prospect of increasing to 4.0-4.5 units, and KIPE - up to 1.5 units or more. This is approximately 2-fold higher than those achieved so far in the ground heat pump under the same geological and climatic prerequisites.

CLAIM

1. Device for energy facilities using low-potential energy, comprising networked heating facilities with piping hot and cold water through vodoakkumulyatory with peak dogrevatelyami and capacitors are the primary and secondary heat pump system for collecting and recycling the heat of soil, including the primary water circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium, passing through the set in wells heat exchanger and evaporator core of the heat pump, but also the system of collecting and recycling the heat removed from the premises of ventilation air, comprising an additional water circuit of low-grade heat transfer medium passing through the water-air heat exchanger connected air side to the heater and fan supplying exhaust air and water party - to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator an additional heat pump, wherein the water side of the water-air heat exchanger is connected to the input and output of an additional heat pump evaporator through a jumper and connected via other links from the outputs of the heat exchangers in the wells with the possibility of transferring heat collected on the air side of the heat exchanger or by reheating the low-grade heat transfer medium in the main circulation circuit before supplying coolant to the evaporator core heat pump when switched off via jumper from the water-air heat exchanger additional heat pump, or the restoration of the thermal regime cooled in collecting heat the soil well with disconnected via a jumper on the circuit of low-grade coolant mainly and a further heat pump, with the inputs and outputs of heat exchangers in the wells linked with the inlet and outlet of the evaporator core of the heat pump through the jumpers, and water side of the water-air heat exchanger is provided at the output plug to separate the flow of low-grade heating medium for forward and backward to the heat exchanger branch associated with the controller coolant flow rates in the forward and backward branches and installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger before the fork sensor coolant temperature.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a system of water, air cooling or mixed premises set comprising one or more cooling energy carrier circulation circuits, each of which is provided with a cooling manifold mounted in the pipe space enclosing elements: one including the circuits arranged to connect through a jumper to the pipe for supplying cold water, or in a mounted additional water-air heat exchanger connected air side to set the fan supplying air to the auxiliary heat exchanger, wherein at least one of the contours of the coolant energy source connected pipes or the other side an additional heat exchanger to the inputs and outputs of heat exchangers in the wells through the jumper to supply low-grade coolant to one or more cooling manifolds with disconnected via a jumper from the main circulation circuit of low-grade heat medium mainly the heat pump and is connected via a jumper to the additional circuit of the low-grade heat medium further heat pump.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with additional cooling energy carrier circulation circuit connected to the bridge through the input and output of the main condenser of the heat pump and coupled through installed at outlet of the condenser cooling capacity is on one side of the installed water-water heat exchanger, the other side of which is connected via a bridge to the inputs and outputs of heat exchangers in the wells, the possibility of obtaining the cooling capacity in the reverse mode switching of the main heat pump, the evaporator of which is connected with the through additional bridge to set together with the air cooling space to a still further circuit of cooling energy carrier, linked via jumper conduit supplying cold water to the circulation circuit or cooling energy source to a conduit supplying cold water in the system or mixed water cooling.

print version
Publication date 26.01.2007gg