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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2177408
METHOD recycling of used tires
Name of the inventor: Alexander Guryanov
The name of the patentee: Alexander Guryanov
Address for correspondence: 117485, Moscow, ul. Profsoyuznaya d.96, korp.4, kv.233, A.V.Guryanovu
Starting date of the patent: 2000.05.25
The invention relates to recycling plastics and allows for its use to reduce energy consumption and improve performance for processing used tires of various vehicles. Method for processing waste tires include tire deformation worn by applying to it the bead core through the relevant clamps axial tensile load, consistent generation of compression waves in the liquid. After application to an axial tensile load grippers worn tire is cooled to a temperature below the embrittlement of the rubber from which tire is made, cause the rotation of the tire about its axis by applying thereto through the same clamps torques respectively M 1 and M 2. Immerse a worn tire in the radial direction to a depth nekipyaschuyu liquid (0,8-1,1) · (R 1 -R), where R and R 1 respectively, the largest and smallest radius of the tire in the undeformed condition. Generating compression waves in a fluid with an amplitude of 0.3-0.9 MPa and a duration of 10 -3 to 10 ms, affecting the entire outer surface immersed in the fluid of the tire. Fluid temperature T g, the temperature of the tire T w, and the minimum temperature T L film boiling satisfy the inequality: 
Where 
Well, w - thermal conductivity, 
Well, w - density, C f,w - specific heat, respectively, fluid and tire material. The method provides a high adaptability, reduces energy costs and has high productivity.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to utilization of polymeric materials) and more particularly to processing of worn tires with various vehicles or metal cord without a separate collection for subsequent cord and rubber.
The prior art discloses a process for recycling waste tires (Inventor's Certificate SU-A1-1194687, 1984), wherein the worn tire is cooled below the embrittlement temperature of the rubber from which tire is made, the tire is heated metallic cord the high frequency current, and then carry out crushing bus by mechanical means.
A disadvantage of the known method is that its implementation is associated with high capital costs (construction of large install the induction heating), and energy costs for heating the steel cord. In addition, tire cooling is performed to a temperature substantially below the onset temperature of the rubber brittle, so that when a subsequent natural heating the tire is not heated to a temperature embrittlement starts rubber before it will begin to split.
Known and the method for recycling used tires (patent RU-C1-2080261, 1997), including the cooling of the worn tires to a temperature embrittlement of rubber, which is made from the tire, the impact on the entire inner surface of the tire at first a shock and then a detonation waves.
A disadvantage of the known method is that it fails to provide a rubber crumb predetermined size, and complete separation of metal cord from rubber, since consistent effect on the worn tire shock and detonation waves leads to destruction of the tire into pieces large enough to pose without further processing limited interest in recycling.
Taken as a prototype method for processing the worn tires, described in patent RU-C1-2135355, 1977, according to which a tire is placed into the liquid and simultaneously deform it by its application to the bead core through the respective grippers axial tensile loads act sequentially on the inner surface of the tire shock waves generated in the liquid by a focused laser beam.
The disadvantages of this method are:
- High energy consumption and low efficiency due to the low efficiency of high-power lasers;
- Low productivity, since the interval between the shock wave is determined by the recovery of the optical transparency of the liquid.
The basis of the invention is to reduce energy costs and improve productivity.
The task is solved in that a method for processing the worn tires, comprising a deformation worn tire by applying to its onboard rings through respective grippers axial tensile load, consistent generation of a fluid pressure waves, according to the invention after application to seizures axial tensile load worn tire is cooled to a temperature below the embrittlement temperature of the rubber, which is made of the tire, cause a tire in rotation about its axis by applying thereto through the same clamps torques respectively M 1 and M 2 are immersed worn tire in the radial direction to a depth nekipyaschuyu fluid (0.8 - 1,1) (R 1 - R), where R 1 and R, respectively, the largest and smallest radius of the tire in the undeformed state, whereupon the compression wave is generated in the liquid with an amplitude of 0.3 - 0.9 MPa and a duration of 10 -3 - 10ms affecting the entire outer surface of the liquid in the immersed portion of the tire, and the fluid temperature T f, the tire temperature T w and the minimum temperature T L film boiling satisfy the inequality: 
Where: Well, w - thermal conductivity, Well, w - density, C w, C w - liquid heat capacity, respectively, and the tire material.
In addition, the time dependence of torque M 1 and M 2 has the form:
M 1 = M 0 + 
M · cos ( 
2 t)
M 2 = M 0 + M · cos ( 2 t + 
) 2 
1
where M 0 and M, respectively, and the amplitude of the constant component of the variable component; 1 - angular speed of the worn tires; 2 - angular frequency of strain reversal tire torsion, t - time.
The advantage of the method lies in the fact that in its implementation conditions are ensured a fundamentally new mechanism of hydrodynamic grinding used tires. Indeed, as follows from the prior art, the experts proceeded from the assumption that in some degree fragmentation worn tires can be accomplished by exposing the entire bus or part of the shock waves generated by an external source and with an amplitude exceeding the strength characteristics of the tire material. As a result of fragmentation to fine worn tires it had to expend considerable energy.
In the implementation of the proposed method of processing used tires dive conditionally allocated each section (annular sectors) of worn tires in the liquid boiling temperature (T a) which is lower than the material temperature (T m) submerged portion of the tire, will be accompanied by heating the liquid layer near the surface of its contact with the tire material. If the liquid-contact surface of the tire temperature (value - T p which can be estimated on the basis of the solution of non-stationary heat equation for the two semi-infinite spaces: 
where T w - liquid temperature; Well, w - thermal conductivity, Well, w - density, C w, C w - liquid heat capacity, respectively, and the tire material) exceeds the minimum film boiling temperature T L (Leidenfrost point), then the formation of a continuous vapor film, an insulating liquid from the considered (arbitrarily selected) bus station. In the process of used tire rotation around its axis selected portion of the tire material is gradually cooled, thereby reducing the heat flux into the liquid from it, and consequently, to decrease the temperature value T p. Selecting the tire around its axis of rotation speed so that the temperature T p at the outlet portion of the tire under consideration of the gas contained in the fluid above it was concluded within T s <T p <
It should be noted that the creation of cavitation similar region would require, first, the entire system of the ultrasonic transducers, providing not only the focusing of acoustic energy near the surface of the tire, and refocusing during the destruction of the tire. Furthermore, it was necessary to spend energy on themselves generating steam bubbles.
In the proposed method by putamen tire deformation annex to its bead wire through the appropriate grasp of axial tensile load is provided not only to the creation of large internal stresses in the material of the tire, but also the optimal reaction conditions generated by an external source of compression waves with all the steam formations (films and bubbles ) located on the entire outer surface (as in the tread portion, and the outer surface of the bead rings) that part of the worn tires, which is submerged in the liquid. As a result, the compression wave, like "crush" steam bubbles on a solid surface (at the expense of cooling) worn tires.
As a result of strong hydrodynamic disturbances in the form of pulse amplitude compression of more than 10 MPa and liquid microflow (jets), initiated by compression waves from an external source, the material of the worn tires, which is located besides in the complex stress conditions, cracks occur. Penetration microjets "cold" fluid in the volume of the tire with a significantly higher temperature leads to the formation of vapor bubbles, the volume of which is growing rapidly due to overheating. As a result, the growth of cracks, and then the fragmentation material worn tire. Initially, each fragment is separated from the small size of the worn tires is surrounded by a thin vapor film. Then begins the rapid growth of the vapor bubble that surrounds the fragment bus (because all stocked in a fragment of the heat is only a pair of heat) in the end of which the bubble collapses abruptly. It occurs when this pressure pulse leads to the destruction of the fragment into smaller, but also provides a destabilization of film boiling on located near the larger fragments.
fragmentation process described above is completed when the heat content of the fragments is not enough to form around them bystrorasshiryayuschegosya vapor bubble. This provides a rather narrow range fragmentation. After the release of the considered portion of the tire temperature of the liquid surface increases due to temperature equalization by volume substantially lower due to the gas heat transfer medium, and also due to heat leakage through the grips. Upon subsequent immersion of the selected area of worn tires in the process of destroying the fluid flows as described above. Thus, each portion of a worn tire is subjected to powerful cyclic damaging hydrodynamic disturbances initiated mainly compression waves from an external source.
Creating additional material in the tire frangible shear and torsion deformations can not only effectively extend existing fractures, but also to create new ones, and thus improve not only the efficiency of the fragmentation of the tire material, but also the degree of fragmentation.
If in the process of fragmentation used tire material by immersing the tire selected area of its surface temperature will be lower than T L, the surface of the tire before it is heated by contact with a liquid, such as an infrared transmitter or any other.
The invention will be explained a specific example which, however, is not only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the expected technical result set of essential features described above.
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FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for carrying out the proposed method (cross-section); FIG. 2 - section A-A of FIG. 1.
Device for implementing the method of processing used tires comprises insulated from the environment process chamber 1 with an optical window 2 and the charging port (not shown), but also placed in the processing chamber 1, the first 3 and second 4 grips for attachment to frangible bus 5 torques M 1 and M 2, and a tensile load P along the axis 6. The chamber is partially filled l 7 nekipyaschey liquid with a boiling point below the embrittlement temperature of the tire rubber grade 5. At the bottom of the working chamber 1 is set source 8 compression waves (acoustic or shock), propagating in a direction perpendicular to the axis 6, and made in the form, for example, an ultrasonic transducer. The source 8 compression waves may be used electro-emitters, emitters based exploding wires etc. Outside the working chamber 1 is mounted a linear transducer 9, infrared or visible wavelength range, which is optically conjugated with the outer surface of the frangible tire 5, wherein the linear transducer axis 9 parallel to axis 6.
A method of recycling used tires in the following manner. Designed for processing the worn tire 5 is fixed by means of grippers 3 and 4 for the bead rings, after which it is carried out by applying a deformation grippers 3 and 4, the tensile load R. In some cases it is advisable before fixing the tire bead rings 5 in the radial incisions to perform 3-8 . Thereafter, the worn tire 5 is cooled to a temperature below the embrittlement temperature of the particular rubber material, which is made from tire 5. Then the lead bus 5 in rotation about its axis 6 and simultaneously subjected to a cyclically varying in sign by applying torsion thereto by clamps 3 and 4 respectively torques 1 and M 2, the amount of which varies over time t in accordance with the dependencies: 
2 1
where M 0 and M, respectively, and the amplitude of the constant component of the variable component; 1 - angular speed of the worn tires; 2 - angular frequency of strain reversal tire torsion, t - time.
Immerse the tire 5 radially nekipyaschuyu fluid 7, for example, liquefied gas, to a depth (0,8 - 1,1) (R 1 - R), where R and R 1 respectively, the largest and smallest radius of the tire 5 in an undeformed condition, after which include source 8 compression wave with an amplitude of 0.3 - 0.9 MPa and a duration of 10 -3 - 10 ms. In this case the liquid temperature (T g), the temperature of the tire 5 (T m) and the minimum temperature of film boiling 7 (T of L) must satisfy the relation: 
Where Well, w - thermal conductivity, Well, w - density, C f,w - specific heat of the liquid, respectively, and the tire material.
The destruction of the surface layer 5 of the tire immersed occurs by creating (as shown above in the analysis of the selected, portion of the ring sector of the elementary length l - Fig. 2) strong hydrodynamic disturbances in the form of compression pulses with an amplitude greater than 10 MPa and micro fluid 7 indutsiiruemyh compression waves generated by source 8 and extending in the direction perpendicular to the axis 6 of the worn tire 5 while providing effective interaction of compression waves not only from the tread portion 5, a used tire, but also with its both bead cores.
If necessary, the heating radiator 9, the intensity of which can be adjusted, with the spectral composition of the radiator 9 need not overlap the spectral region of absorption of the gas of the tire in the process of breaking (fragmentation) is used, the liquid from filling the free space of the working chamber 7 1.
The proposed method for recycling waste tires can be used for recycling specialized enterprises and enterprises to large vehicles because it does not require large capital and energy costs and provides high ecology.
CLAIM
1. A method for processing the worn tires, comprising a worn tire deformation by applying it to the rings through respective skid grips an axial tensile load, the generation of sequential compression waves in the fluid, characterized in that after application to an axial tensile load grippers worn tire is cooled to a temperature below the embrittlement temperature rubber, which is made of the tire, cause a tire in rotation about its axis by applying thereto through the same clamps torques respectively M 1 and M 2 are immersed worn tire in the radial direction to a depth nekipyaschuyu fluid (0.8-1.1 ) · (R 1 -R), where R 1 and R, respectively, the largest and smallest radius of the tire in the undeformed state, whereupon the compression wave is generated in the liquid with an amplitude of 0.3-0.9 MPa and a duration of 10 -3 to 10 ms acting on the entire outer surface of the liquid in the immersed portion of the tire, wherein the fluid temperature T f, the tire temperature T w and the minimum temperature T L film boiling satisfy inequality 
Where Well, w - thermal conductivity; Well, w - the density;
Since then, C w - heat, respectively, fluid and tire material.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the time dependence of the torque M 1 and M 2 has the form
M 1 = M 0 + M · cos ( 2 t),
M 2 = M 0 + M · cos ( 2 t + ) 2 1
where M 0 and M, respectively, and the amplitude of the constant component of the variable component; 1 - angular speed of the worn tires; 2 - angular frequency of strain reversal tire torsion;
t - time.
print version
Publication date 19.02.2007gg
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