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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2080994

METHOD OF PYROLYSIS WASTE AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Name of the inventor: Kenneth Michael Holland [GB]
The name of the patentee: Kenneth Michael Holland [GB]
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1991.07.26

Usage: pyrolysis of the waste a wide range of materials not susceptible to heating by microwave radiation. The inventive method, the waste is fed onto the top layer of powdered material gravity for inadvertent movement through powdered material. The inventive device: the device is provided with means for supplying an inclined thereon by gravity on top of the layer of waste powder material. Last located in the tank with the possibility of overflow over the edge as the feed waste. The tank is open at the top and is made of a material resistant to heat to a temperature of at least 800 ^{o C.} waste supply means are formed as tubes extending through the first opening in the upper wall of the reaction chamber and further through the interior of the chamber so that its end is located over the open top of the tank. Part of the pipe rests on the upper edge of the tank wall. the microwave radiation source is located at a distance from the reaction chamber. The device is made with a channel extending from the microwave radiation source through a second opening formed in the wall of the chamber to a location adjacent the open top of the tank. The reaction chamber has a first outlet opening provided in the lower part of its wall and the tank disposed below so that the material flowing through the reservoir region, falls into this hole, and venting means are formed as a second outlet in the upper part of the reaction chamber for discharging hot gases released from the waste in the pyrolysis process.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method and device for waste pyrolysis and can be used for a wide range of pyrolysis of waste materials not susceptible to heating by microwave radiation.

The closest known is a method of pyrolysis of waste material not susceptible to heating by microwave radiation, in which the carried heat waste by transferring thermal energy when exposed to disposed in a container of inert to microwave radiation material layer of powdered material susceptible to heating by microwave radiation and comprising carbon in elemental form or decomposing under the action of microwave radiation to elemental carbon in an atmosphere substantially prevents the formation of a flame, thus heating the powdered material is carried out to a temperature of at least 400 ^{o C} and removed gas.

The closest known is also a device for the pyrolysis of waste material that is sensitive to heat, containing disposed in the reaction chamber microwave made from inert to microwave radiation material tank for containing the particulate material layer, sensitive to heating by microwave radiation and containing carbon in elemental form or decomposing under the action of microwave radiation to elemental carbon, a source of microwave radiation to heat the powder material, the atmosphere adjusting agent in the reaction chamber to prevent the formation of a flame and means for removing gas from the reaction chamber, released during pyrolysis of waste.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is insufficient contact with the carbonaceous material waste.

The technical result of the invention increase the pyrolysis efficiency and effectiveness of the device.

In the process, this is achieved by the fact that the waste is fed on top of the layer of powdered material by gravity to carry out their spontaneous movement through the powdered material.

In the apparatus, this is achieved in that it is provided with means for supplying an inclined thereon by gravity on top of the layer of waste powder material, the latter being located in the reservoir can flow through the edge flow as waste.

The tank is open at the top and is made of a material resistant to heat to a temperature of at least 800 ^{o C.}

waste supply means are in the form of a pipe passing through the first hole in the top wall of the reaction chamber and further through the interior of the chamber so that its end is located above the open top of the tank.

Part of the pipe rests on the upper edge of the tank wall.

the microwave radiation source is located at a distance from the reaction chamber, wherein the device is configured with the channel extending from the microwave radiation source through a second opening formed in the wall of the chamber to a location adjacent the open top of the tank.

The reaction chamber has a first outlet opening provided in the lower part of its wall and the tank disposed below so that the material flowing through the reservoir region, falls into this hole, and venting means are formed as a second outlet in the upper part of the reaction chamber for discharging hot gases released from the waste in the pyrolysis process.

The invention relates to a method of pyrolysis of waste material which is not itself susceptible to heating by microwave radiation, which method comprises the following steps:

a) introducing the waste into the atmosphere essentially prevents the formation of a flame, in contact with a bed of pulverulent material which comprises carbon in elemental form or a material capable to decompose by pyrolysis of microwave radiation to elemental carbon which is susceptible to heating by microwave radiation;

b) heating the pulverulent material by microwave radiation such that thermal energy is transferred from the pulverulent material to the waste, while the time and intensity of said light is adjusted so as to cause substantial pyrolysis of the waste, and the waste is fed to the upper part of pulverulent material layer with the possibility of lowering through the layer and pyrolysis of waste is carried out in this layer.

Preferably, the microwave power and exposure time were such that the pulverulent material is heated to a temperature of at least 400 ^{o C.}

When the proposed method is performed in an atmosphere at least substantially free of oxygen, the danger of the formation is carried out only dioxide or other noxious products with some feedstocks. In such cases, as in cases where there is a small amount of oxygen (but insufficient to cause ignition), it is preferable that the pulverulent material (and therefore the plastics or other waste) attains a temperature of at least 800 ^{o C,} which is high enough to eliminate or minimize the risk of emissions of dioxins and other harmful substances is pyrolyzed material.

If the waste material to be pyrolyzed in accordance with the present method relatively easily degraded (e.g. polyethylene or nylon), then temperatures in the range 400 800 ^{o C} is sufficient. When using a heat-resistant plastics and halogenated plastics (such as PTFE or PVC) containing carbon material temperature can reach at least 800 ^{o C.}

The invention concerns also a device for implementing microwave pyrolysis of waste material which is not itself susceptible to heating by this radiation, the apparatus comprising:

a) means retention layer of powdered material substantially inert to microwave radiation and adapted to the pulverulent material overflowing through the region;

b) a reaction chamber enclosing the retaining means;

c) means for supplying waste to the upper part of a powder material layer in containment means so that the waste fall through this layer;

d) a microwave radiation source is located relative to retaining means so that the microwave radiation emitted by them can cause heating of the pulverulent material and substantial pyrolysis of the waste during their descent through the bed of pulverulent material;

e) means of controlling the atmosphere in said chamber such that it substantially prevents the formation of the flame;

f) venting means evolved during pyrolysis of waste from the chamber.

Typically, the retaining means comprise an open-topped tank made preferably of a material that can withstand temperatures of at least about 800 ^{o C} and about 1000 ^{o C,} such as stainless steel or ceramics.

The waste is fed onto the top of the powdered material to ensure maximum contact with them as waste dropping through the layer of powdered material. The greater the degree of contact between the waste and a particulate material, the more energy is effectively transferred from the pulverulent material to the waste, respectively last achieved intensive pyrolysis. In a preferred embodiment the feed means comprise a tube extending through the first opening in the upper wall of the chamber and further into the chamber so that the end of the tube is placed over the open part of the tank. Typically, the tube portion rests on the upper edge of the tank wall.

In a preferred embodiment, waste supply means are arranged obliquely to the waste can easily slide on them to fall into the retaining means. Typically the inclined feeding means oriented so that the waste can be fed in substantially continuous retaining means. In other embodiments of the invention, the waste may be supplied semi-continuously or intermittently (e.g. in a batch apparatus). The use of such waste supply means inclined minimizes the need for mechanical feeding means into the retaining means waste.

Preferably, the waste feed so that the particulate material can flow through the edge of the tank when the waste material which is denser, sink to the bottom of the tank, thus displacing less dense carbonaceous material upwards (bulk specific gravity of finely divided elemental carbon is about 0.5, and the material waste, such as plastic, has typically a bulk specific gravity of about 0.8 1.0). The pulverulent material overflowing from fixed bed, preferably recirculated at least partially into the process. The feed rate of the waste to a large extent depends on the power of the microwave discharge used during pyrolysis.

Typically the microwave radiation source is removed from the chamber, the channel is provided by microwave radiation source through a second opening in the chamber wall to a position adjacent the open part of the tank. This connection determines the path of the microwave radiation from its source to the retaining means of the powdered material.

In a preferred embodiment, the chamber is provided with first and second outlets. The first outlet is provided in the lower part of the chamber wall and is typically located directly below the retaining means of the powdered material, the hole position is most desirable from the standpoint it Incoming particulate material, flows through means of edge retention. The first hole is usually communicated with the first cooling means of the powdered material, providing recovery from it is substantially solid carbon product. Means for removing gases generated in the pyrolysis process comprise, as a rule, the second outlet communicated with the means for cooling gases entering the separator further "liquid-gas", which separates the gases and oil on the exhaust gases. The second outlet is preferably located in the upper part of the chamber which is most convenient for receipt therein of any combustible gases that are released from the waste during the pyrolysis are means of containment in the powdered material. Means of controlling the atmosphere, substantially to prevent the formation of a flame, generally comprise first and second air locks, the first air lock being located along the path of movement of waste in the feeding means and the second air lock being located behind the pulverulent material cooling means during its movement.

The figure shows the proposed device.

According to the drawing waste and powdered carbonaceous material are fed together through an air valve 18 located in the reactor in the pyrolysis chamber 8, 9 is made of stainless steel and having a refractory lining. The material is exposed to microwave radiation in the chamber from a microwave generator 10.

The particulate material, including waste material, which is decomposed by pyrolysis to elemental carbon, flows over the edge of the pyrolysis chamber 9 and passes through a carbon cooler 11 and air lock 12, where it is reduced as a solid carbon product 17. Hydrocarbon gases formed during pyrolysis are removed from the reactor 8 through a cooler 13 and hydrocarbon gases enter the separator 14 "liquid-gas", which divides them into oil products 15 and (acidic) waste gases 16. The waste gases may then be passed through a scrubber prior to their release into the atmosphere.

CLAIM

1. A process for the pyrolysis of waste material not susceptible to heating by microwave radiation, wherein the heating is carried out by transferring waste heat when placed in contact with the container of an inert material to microwave radiation a layer of powdered material sensitive to heating by microwave radiation and containing carbon in elemental form or decomposing under the action of microwave radiation to elemental carbon in an atmosphere substantially preventing flame formation, while heating the powdered material is carried out to a temperature of at least 400 ^o C and removed gas, wherein the waste is fed to the top of the layer of powder material by gravity to of the inadvertent movement through the powdered material.

2. Apparatus for the pyrolysis of waste material not susceptible to heating by microwave radiation, comprising: a reaction chamber located is made of an inert material to microwave radiation reservoir for containing the particulate material layer, sensitive to heating by microwave radiation and containing carbon in elemental form or decomposing under microwave irradiation to elemental carbon, a source of microwave radiation for heating the particulate material, means controlling the atmosphere in the reaction chamber for preventing flame formation and removal means of the reaction gas chamber, evolved on pyrolysis of waste, characterized in that it is provided with an inclined supply means thereon waste by gravity on top of the bed of pulverulent material, the latter being located in the reservoir can flow through the edge flow as waste.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the reservoir is open at the top and is made of a material resistant to heating to at least 800 ^o C.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said waste feeding means is a tube extending through the first opening in the upper wall of the reaction chamber and further through the interior of the chamber so that its end is located above the open top of the tank.

5. The apparatus of para. 4, wherein the portion of the pipe rests on the upper edge of the tank wall.

6. Device according to claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the microwave radiation source is located at a distance from the reaction chamber, wherein the device is configured with the channel extending from the microwave radiation source through a second opening in the chamber wall to a location near the open top of the tank.

7. Device according to claims 2 6, characterized in that the reaction chamber has a first outlet opening provided in the lower part of its wall and located below the tank so that the material flowing through the reservoir region, falls into this hole, and venting means are a second outlet in the upper part of the reaction chamber for discharging hot gases generated from the waste in the pyrolysis process.

print version
Publication date 19.02.2007gg

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