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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2014346

METHOD OF WASTE PROCESSING

METHOD OF WASTE PROCESSING

The name of the inventor: Thomas Wiesengrund [DE]
The name of the patent holder: Thomas Wiesengrund [DE]
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1990.04.04

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The waste is heated to 350 - 1050 ° C and treated with a gasifying agent to a content of organic substances below 100 g per ton. The resulting gaseous mixture is subjected to cleavage at 950 to 1050 ° C for 1 s. The resulting low molecular weight compounds and / or elements are separated in water at 200-800 ° C. into synthesis gas and low molecular weight compounds and / or elements. The wet synthesis gas is treated in the presence of a catalyst.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for processing waste generated during production and consumption.

A method for processing waste, for example municipal waste, sewage sludge, etc., is known, by treating the waste at a temperature of about 900 ° C with a gaseous mixture containing water vapor and at least one combustible gas, oxygen and / or CO2. However, this method is not effective enough.

The aim of the invention is to improve the efficiency of waste processing.

The aim is achieved by this method including the gasification step by treating the waste when heated by a gasifying agent containing water vapor and at least one combustible gas: oxygen and carbon dioxide to produce a gas mixture and solid inorganic products, heating the waste to 350-1050 ° C And treatment with a gasifying agent is conducted to a content of organic substances in waste below 100 g per 1 ton of waste, the resulting gas mixture is subjected to cleavage at 950-1050 ° C for 1 second for low molecular weight compounds and / or elements are introduced into water at 200-800 ° C for synthesis separation -gas and water-retained low molecular weight compounds and / or elements, wet synthesis gas is treated in the presence of a catalyst to produce liquid hydrocarbons and / or alcohols, gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide are mixed with a gasifying agent fed to the gasification stage.

In addition, at least one, preferably two, feedstocks selected from the group consisting of earth, in particular soil contaminated with solvents, oil, tar or heavy metals, and organic and inorganic components contaminated with earth, for example Construction debris, or sand contaminated with heavy metals and / or noble metals, coal, in particular coal with a high sulfur content or lignin, activated carbon saturated with solvent vapors; Slag, in particular slag from industrial furnaces, blast furnaces, thermal power plants or incinerators; Dust, in particular the dust retained by electrostatic precipitators, or dry residues of wet, semi-dry or dry flue gas cleaning for waste incineration plants or industrial furnaces; Sludge, in particular sewage sludge, or sewage treatment plant sludges contaminated with heavy metals, electroplating sludges, slurries arising from the production of munitions and explosives, and residues of distillation of solvents and paint and varnish production; Food products, in particular residues, surpluses and by-products arising from the production and consumption of food products, in particular coffee grounds, slaughterhouse waste; Chemical wastes, in particular by-products from chemical or biological analyzes or processes, in particular filter residues, unsuitable chemical reagents or laboratory waste with poor radioactivity; Organs, in particular corpses of dead animals, tissue and blood material from the surgical sphere, solid remnants from hospitals, especially unsuitable medicines; Rubber and plastics, in particular pneumatic tires, elastomers, bound or mixed with metallic or other inorganic materials, thermoplastics and thermosets.

And, as a waste, use a mixture, delayed filters of dust and sewage sludge, a mixture of dust and coal retained by filters, a mixture of sand, sludge of sewage and coal.

In addition, at least one, preferably two, feedstocks selected from the group consisting of oils and paraffins, for example, heavy oil or paraffins, in particular those obtained in the distillation of oil or in the treatment of waste oil, are used as waste materials; Alcohols and ketones, for example methanol, ethanol and industrial coal, acetone; Halogenated hydrocarbons, for example trichloroethane, trichlorethylene, chloroform, and chlorinated aromatic compounds, in particular chlorobenzenes or polychlorinated biphenyls, furans or dioxins or freons, especially Freon 113; inorganic liquids, for example, mineral acids and bases, In particular hydrochloric acid, dissolved iron chloride and chromium-containing sulfuric acid, as well as dissolved cyanides, sodium, nitrates and phosphates.

And, as a waste, use a mixture: used oil and a mixture of: sand-sediment waste water-halogenated hydrocarbon.

Preferably, the gas mixture obtained in the gasification step comprises 10-40 vol.% Steam, 10-40 vol.% Combustible gas in particular methane, 5-20 vol% oxygen and 30-70 vol.% Carbon dioxide.

The duration of the gasification reaction for mixtures of liquid materials is 0.5 to 3 seconds, and for mixtures of solid materials - from 20 minutes to 2 hours.

In this case, the gas mixture obtained in the gasification stage is mixed with harmful gases, for example, flue gases from furnaces, exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and exhaust air from ventilation shafts.

A gasification step of mixtures of liquid materials is carried out in a gas burner operating on a mixture of synthesis gas and water vapor obtained in the separation step.

Moreover, the gasification stage with mixtures of solid materials and slurries is carried out in a furnace for solid materials using synthesis gas and water vapor obtained in the separation stage.

At the gasification stage, oxygen is used, which is residual oxygen contained in the exhaust air stream, internal combustion engines or in the exhaust air of ventilation plants.

At the separation stage, water is used as waste water, water leaking from landfills, contaminated water or sea water.

METHOD OF WASTE PROCESSING

The method according to the invention will be explained more precisely with the help of the block diagram (see FIG. 1). The desired mixture of materials by means of trans-screw augers 1 is taken from three material stores 2 or slurry storage 3 and fed to a converter 4. A mixture of carbon dioxide with approximately 10 vol% oxygen is supplied to the converter 4 via line 5 and through the adjusting valve 6 Supply the necessary combustible gas mixture. The steam generator 7 additionally supplies 4 steam to the converter. The gas mixture originating in the converter 4 is freed from the cyclone 8 from the particles, which are then returned to the flow of materials. The gas mixture released from the particles through the pipeline 9 and the inlet ring 10 is fed into the scrubber 11. The washed gas mixture passes a cooler 12 that condenses the water vapor and deposits it in the feedwater tank 13. The pump 14 supplies a small amount of feed water to the sprinkler 15 in the scrubber to cool and improve the cleaning effect. The main part of the feed water is consumed to cool the wave reactor 16, so that it enters the steam generator 7, preheated. The gas compressor 17 compresses the washed synthesis gas to a pressure of the order of 5-20 bar and feeds it to the wave reactor 16. Here an exothermic synthesis reaction takes place, producing water vapor, carbon dioxide, gaseous hydrocarbons containing, in particular, propane or butane. Initially, the gaseous mixture is fed to a distillation tank 18, and water and propane or butane are condensed by cooling; Propane or butane is collected in the tank 20. Water is supplied to the cells of the cell 19 and from there to the feedwater tank 13. The gaseous products through the pipeline 21 together with the electrolytic hydrogen are supplied to the steam generator 7 and the converter 4. The steam generator 7, due to the regulation of the gas and oxygen supply of the valves 22 and 23, is controlled so that the gas pressure is in the required range of 8-10 bar and that at its exit for the exhaust Gases there is a sufficient amount of excess oxygen to maintain the temperature in the converter 4.

The water from the distillation tank 18 is directed through the cells of the cell 19 to the feedwater tank 13. Cooling of the cooler 12, the distillation tank 18 and the converter 4 is carried out through a separate water cooling loop with a cooling water inlet (KE) and a cooling water outlet (SC), which With the help of an external water-water or water-air heat exchanger transfers heat to the consumer.

The solid product obtained in converter 4, depending on its quality, is supplied by transport screws 25 for storage in one of the three hoppers 26 prior to distribution. The resulting brine is stored in the tank 27 before further processing. The hardly soluble sludge obtained in the scrubber is separated from the brine in the sludge tank 28 and returned, after or without intermediate processing, to the sludge storage 3.

The following exemplary embodiments illustrate the method according to the invention.

Example 1 . Filter-detained dust consisting of 65% by weight of a sewage sludge containing 40% by weight of dry matter and 35% by weight of dust-retained dust that came from wet waste cleaning facilities is fed to the converter and at a temperature of 850-1000 ° C For 0.5 h ("residence time") is exposed to a stream of 30 vol. % Steam, 10 vol% methane, 10 vol% hydrogen, 45 vol% carbon dioxide and 5 vol% oxygen. The cells of the electrolyzer supply 160 nm3 of air and 80 nm3 of oxygen per 1 ton of the mixture of processed materials at a flow rate of 720 kWh of electricity. The steam generator supplies 480 nm3 of saturated steam at a pressure of 10 bar, the gas flow rate corresponding to about 30 nm3 of syngas or hydrogen. Generally, 460 nm3 of synthesis gas is produced and 80 kg of butane is produced from it. In general, 650 kg of wastewater sludge was gasified by the method of processing of the dust retained by the filters and 350 kg of dust retained by the filters were deactivated, the electric power consumption being 720 kWh with the output of butane equal to 80 kg (960 kWh of stored energy).

Example 2 . For the gasification of oils, especially halogenated hydrocarbons (see FIG. 2), the converter 24 is designed as a gas burner and operates on a synthesis gas coming from a scrubber 29 that branches off before the cooler 30. Via the compressor 31, air heated up to Of the temperature of about 400 ° C by a hot synthesis gas line 32 concentrically surrounding the air flow. From the oil tank 33 provided with a stirrer 34, an oil is supplied to the burner through the valve 35, which evaporates in the preheated air stream, and the generated steam is sucked by a gas flame. Since the synthesis gas coming from the scrubber 429 contains approximately the same volume part of the water vapor, and the mixture in the heat exchanger 36 is strongly heated by the cracked gas at the outlet of the converter 24, an effective gasification of the oil is provided. Synthesis gas can be directly used for heating or driving motors, but also transferred to thermal power plants. When working with chlorinated or fluorinated oils in feed water in the tank 37 for feed water, add soda or a metal hydroxide to neutralize the resulting hydrochloric acid. Depending on the quality of the oils used and the process, the resulting hydrochloric acid can also be obtained directly from the brine tank 38. When processing chlorinated oil with a chlorine content of about 30% by weight per 1 MWh of calorific value, 300 nm3 of synthesis gas is obtained, with an air requirement of about 170 nm3. The synthesis gas mixed with nitrogen has a fraction equal to about 70% by volume. %, And the calorific value of the order of 2 kWh per 1 nm3. The slag remaining in the processing of oils in the tank 33 or in the sludge tank 39 can be treated similarly to the sewage sludge.

METHOD OF WASTE PROCESSING

In the production of coffee extracts or spices, waste occurs that can not be used as animal feed or as fertilizer. These materials can be converted into synthesis gas or methane or butane by the method of the invention.

Thus, the proposed process allows for the radical destruction of undesired compounds or components by thermochemical reaction with steam or equivalent reagents. It ensures the sanitation or uselessness of the landfill and high-temperature burning due to the full utilization of the materials and energies used.

CLAIM

1. A METHOD OF WASTE PROCESSING, comprising the step of gasifying by treating wastes when heated by a gasifying agent comprising water vapor and at least one combustible gas: oxygen and carbon dioxide, to produce a gas mixture and solid inorganic products, characterized in that, in order to increase Efficiency of the process, heating of the waste is carried out to 350-1050 ° C. and the gasification agent treatment is carried out to the content of organic substances in waste below 100 g / t of waste, the resulting gas mixture is subjected to cleavage at 950-1050 ° C for 1 s for low molecular weight compounds and / Or elements, low molecular weight compounds and / or elements are introduced into the water at 200 ° -800 ° C. to separate synthesis gas and water-retained low molecular weight compounds and / or elements, wet synthesis gas is treated in the presence of a catalyst to produce liquid hydrocarbons and / or alcohols , Gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide are mixed with a gasifying agent fed to the gasification stage.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one, preferably two, starting materials selected from the group consisting of earth, in particular earth contaminated with solvents, oil, tar or heavy metals, are used as the waste, As well as soil components contaminated with organic and inorganic substances, for example, construction debris or sand contaminated with heavy metals and / or noble metals; Coal, in particular coal with a high sulfur content or lignin, activated carbon saturated with solvent vapors, slag, in particular slag from industrial furnaces, blast furnaces, thermal power plants or incinerators; Dust, in particular dust or dry residues of wet, semi-dry or dry cleaning of flue gas from incineration plants or industrial furnaces, detained by electrostatic precipitators; Sludge, in particular sewage sludge or sewage treatment plant sludges contaminated with heavy metals, galvanic plant slimes, slurries arising from the production of munitions and explosives, and residues of solvent distillation and paint and varnish production; Food products, in particular residues, surpluses and by-products arising from the production and consumption of food products, in particular coffee grounds, slaughterhouse waste; Chemical wastes, in particular by-products from chemical or biological analyzes or processes, in particular filter residues, unsuitable chemical reagents or laboratory waste with poor radioactivity; Organs, in particular corpses of dead animals, tissue and blood material from the surgical sphere, solid remnants from hospitals, especially unsuitable medicines; Rubber and plastics, in particular pneumatic tires, elastomers, bound or mixed with metallic or other inorganic materials, thermoplastics and thermosets.

3. The method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the waste is a mixture of dust and sewage sludge retained by the filters, a mixture of dust and coal retained by the filters, a mixture of sand, sewage sludge and coal.

4. Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one, preferably two, starting materials selected from the group consisting of oils and paraffins, for example, heavy oil or paraffins, in particular those obtained at Oil distillation or processing of used oil; Alcohols and ketones, for example methanol, ethanol and industrial coal, acetone; Halogenated hydrocarbons, for example trichloroethane, trichlorethylene, chloroform, and chlorinated aromatic compounds, in particular chlorobenzenes or polychlorinated biphenyls, furans or dioxins, or freon, especially Freon 113; Inorganic liquids, for example, mineral acids and bases containing and not containing heavy metals, in particular hydrochloric acid, dissolved iron chloride and chromium-containing sulfuric acid, and dissolved cyanides, nitrites, nitrates and phosphates.

5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that waste is a waste oil-chlorinated hydrocarbon mixture and sand-sludge mixture-a halogenated hydrocarbon.

6. Method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas mixture obtained in the gasification stage contains 10-40 vol% of water vapor, 10-40 vol% of combustible gas, in particular methane, 5-20 vol% oxygen And 30 to 70% by volume of carbon dioxide.

7. Method according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the duration of the gasification reaction for mixtures of liquid materials is 0.5 to 3.0 seconds, and for mixtures of solid materials, from 20 minutes to 2 hours.

8. A method according to claims 1-7, characterized in that harmful gases, such as flue gases from furnaces, exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and exhaust air from ventilation shafts, are admixed with the gas mixture obtained at the gasification stage.

9. A method according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the gasification step of mixtures of liquid materials is carried out in a gas burner operating on a mixture of synthesis gas and water vapor obtained in the separation step.

10. Method according to claims 1-9, characterized in that the gasification step with mixtures of solid materials and slurries is carried out in a furnace for solid materials using synthesis gas and water vapor obtained in the separation step.

11. A method according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that oxygen is used in the gasification step, which is residual oxygen contained in the exhaust air of the combustion chamber, internal combustion engines or in the exhaust air of ventilation plants.

12. The method according to claims 1-11, characterized in that the separation step uses waste water that leaks from landfills, contaminated or marine.

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Published on February 19, 2007