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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2185572

COMPLEX OF DEVICES FOR UTILIZATION OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD
AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE

The name of the inventor: Semenov VN; Chernyavsky SA; Ryneysky VA; Golovchenko SS; Alaverdov VV; Chizhov DI; Krivorotenko SI
The name of the patent owner: Semenov Viktor Nikonorovich; Chernyavsky Sergey Alexandrovich; Ryneysky Vadim Anatolievich; Golovchenko Sergey Sergeevich; Alaverdov Valery Vladimirovich; Chizhov Dmitry Isakovich; Krivorotenko Sergey Ivanovich
Address for correspondence: 141400, Moscow Region, Khimki, ul. Moscow, 13, ap. 7, VN Semenov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.07.21

The invention relates to the processing of solid domestic and industrial waste, in particular to equipment for their utilization. The technical result is an increase in the safety of gases released into the atmosphere due to their complete purification from harmful substances, an increase in the service life of the furnace by preventing its destruction, simplifying the maintenance of the charging device, and increasing the productivity of waste disposal and the reliability of the operation of the complex. A complex of devices for processing solid domestic and industrial waste containing a caisson smelter divided by partitions to form a charging, smelting and siphoning chambers, made with windows for loading waste and fluxes, holes for removing molten metal and slag, a flue gas duct and equipped with Tuyeres on the lower part of the smelting chamber, a charging device made in the form of an inclined drum with the possibility of rotation and with a receiving hopper and a waste feeder located at its ends, a heat exchanger connected to the furnace, a gas purification system, a smoke exhaust and an exhaust pipe. The caissons with which the internal surfaces of the furnace are lined are provided with nozzles for the entry and exit of the coolant, which are drawn to its outer surface. Directly above the flue gas duct of the furnace is a heat exchanger made in the form of a two-stage cooler provided in both cooling stages with nozzles for the entry and exit of the coolant and providing a sharp cooling of the flue gases to a temperature of 20-25 ^° C. The receiving hopper of the charging device is made with a nozzle entering coaxially into the end The drum is movable along its axis and is equipped with a crushing device mounted inside the hopper and rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the hopper of the charging device, and between the smoke exhaust and the exhaust pipe there is installed a device for absorbing chlorine gas equipped with a flue gas atomizer with a reflector Its end and spray nozzles of water located along the perimeter of the device at the level of the reflector.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the processing of solid industrial and domestic waste, in particular to equipment for their utilization.

A plant for the processing of solid domestic and industrial waste is known, which comprises a caisson oven for incineration of waste in a bubbled melt bath, an off-gas afterburner chamber, a waste loading device and a feeder for feeding them to the furnace; Waste heat boiler, dry electrostatic precipitator, smoke exhauster, scrubber with confuser and irrigation nozzles; A venturi with a drop catcher, a wet electrostatic precipitator with cooled electrodes and a tail exhauster. The furnace is equipped with devices for supplying fuel and air, as well as for removing slag and molten metal from it. The gas is cleaned from moisture, harmful solid impurities such as mercury and arsenic, and harmful gaseous impurities and at a temperature of 30-35 ^o C is discharged through the pipe into the atmosphere (see Russian patent No. 2062949, cl. F 23 G 5/00, 1992). .).

However, the known installation does not allow completely neutralizing flue gases containing poisonous substances, for example dioxins of polychlorobenzene, since these substances are formed again when the gases are cooled at a temperature of 1000 ^° C. In addition, the equipment of the unit is quite complicated, contains a lot of devices for heat recovery and gas cleaning from impurities, and an open type loading device requires the delivery of solid waste from special bins where they cake up, decay, thereby worsening the environmental situation during storage and loading.

The problem of improving working conditions during the loading of waste into the furnace is solved in the technical solution set forth in Russian patent 2122155, cl. F 23 G 5/00. It describes a set of devices for the processing of solid domestic and industrial waste containing a charging device in the form of a rotatable inclined drum that is equipped with a receiving hopper located on one end wall and a waste feeder on the other end wall, a caisson melting furnace separated Partitions with the formation of a charging, melting and siphon chambers and having bore holes for removing molten slag. The charging chamber of the furnace is equipped with a feeder for fuel and fluxes located in its upper part, and tuyeres are installed in the lower part of the melting furnace for supplying oxygen-containing gas to the melting zone. The furnace through the gas flue is connected to the heat exchanger, and also to the boiler, which acts as a gas cleaning system, a smoke exhaust and an exhaust pipe. The process of solid waste disposal takes place in the bubbling zone due to the supply of oxygen-containing blasting. When the smoke exhauster operates continuously on an obliquely installed, rotated drum, a vacuum is maintained, which makes it possible to improve working conditions when it is loaded with waste, and to exclude their caking at the stages of accumulation and development of decay processes. Separation of the oven space by partitions into three chambers allows to conduct the process in a high-intensity mode.

However, using the known complex, just as in the above-described patent, it is not possible to completely remove from the flue gas toxic dioxins and chlorine residues which, when released into the atmosphere, cause a negative effect on the human body. In addition, the presence of end walls in the drum complicates the constructive junction of movable and fixed elements on their sides, which complicates the process of loading waste into it and unloading them into the furnace. These circumstances can lead to clogging of the drum end holes with solid wastes, stopping their loading and unloading, and, consequently, to a decrease in the reliability of the operation of the complex and its productivity. The absence of a cooling system for caissons with which the internal walls and the roof of the furnace are lined can lead to burns when they are heated to a temperature of 1450-1550 ^o C for a long time and the entire complex is out of order.

The object of the invention is to create a set of devices for the recovery of solid domestic and industrial waste that ensures the reliability and continuity of its operation for a long time, while meeting environmental requirements for both the waste loading in the furnace and the output of the final gaseous products.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the caissons with which the internal surfaces of the furnace are lined are provided with nozzles for the entry and exit of the coolant drawn to its outer surface, the furnace is divided by partitions with the formation of a charging, melting and siphon chambers, made with windows for loading waste and fluxes , Holes for removing molten metal and slag, a flue gas duct and equipped with fuel burners in the lower part of the melting chamber; Directly above the flue gas duct of the furnace there is a heat exchanger made in the form of a two-stage cooler equipped in both cooling stages with nozzles for entering and leaving the refrigerant and providing a sharp cooling of the flue gases to a temperature of 20-25 ^° C; The charging device is made in the form of an inclined rotary drum with a receiving hopper with a crushing device for destroying large solid wastes along the ends of which the receiving hopper is provided with a nozzle which is coaxial to the drum end and movable along the drum axis and the waste feeder is made in the form of a stationary A nozzle embracing the other end of the drum and connected through a waste feeder with a window for loading them into the furnace; The gas purification system connected to the condenser is a series of interconnected filters and is connected to a smoke exhaust and a solid fraction collector for returning it to the receiving hopper of the charging device, and between the smoke exhaust and the exhaust pipe there is installed a device for absorbing chlorine gas equipped with a smoke atomizer Gas with a reflector at its end and spray nozzles of water located along the perimeter of the device at the level of the reflector.

The technical result is an increase in the safety of gases released into the atmosphere due to complete purification from harmful substances, an increase in the life of the furnace by preventing its destruction, simplifying the maintenance of the charging device, and increasing waste disposal efficiency and reliability of the complex.

The figure shows a scheme of a set of devices for the disposal of solid domestic and industrial waste.

The complex contains a melting furnace 1, the inner surfaces of which are lined with cooled caissons. For this, they are provided with nozzles for the entry and exit of refrigerant, which are led to the external walls of the furnace. The oven 1 is provided with a window 2 for loading waste therein and a flux-loading window 3, and a drilling hole 4 for discharging the molten metal and a hole 5 for discharging the molten slag. Its internal space is divided by partitions 6 into the loading melting chamber and siphon chamber 7, 8, 9, respectively. In the lower part of the furnace 1 along its perimeter there are fuel burners - tuyeres 10 for supplying a mixture of fuel and oxygen-containing gases to the melting chamber 8, and in its upper part - a flue made in the form of a branch pipe 11. It is equipped with a heat exchanger made in the form of a two-stage tubular Of the refrigerator 12, each of which has nozzles 13 and 14 for entering and leaving the refrigerant. From the window 2 side for loading waste into the furnace 1, a charging device is installed in the form of an inclined rotary drum 15 at the ends of which there is a receiving hopper 16 with a crushing device 16a disposed therein rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum 15, And feeder 17 wastes. The receiving hopper 16 is provided with a branch pipe which is coaxial with the end of the drum 15 and is movable along its axis. The waste feeder 17 is in the form of a nozzle embracing the other end of the drum 15 and is provided with a waste feed mechanism 18. On the way to the exit of the cooled gas from the cooler 12, there is a purification system 19 for this gas in the form of a series of connected filters connected to the filtered solid fraction collector 20 and the exhaust fan 21. The latter is connected to the exhaust pipe 22 through the chlorine gas absorption device 23 provided with a smoke atomizer 24 Gas with a reflector 24a at its end and hot water spray nozzles 25 located along the perimeter of the device 23 at the level of the reflector 24a.

The complex of devices for utilization of solid domestic and industrial waste operates as follows.

Prior to the start of the continuous combustion process in the waste furnace 1, the waste systems include the refrigerant supply to the furnace 1 and the cooler 12, the smoke exhauster 21 is turned on and the furnace is heated, creating a slag melt in its melting chamber 8 to reach a flue gas temperature of 1450-1550 ^° C. Further solid waste Into the receiving hopper 16, the crushing device 16a and the drum 15 are rotated, and then the waste introduction mechanism 18 is introduced into the furnace. As the drum 15 rotates, the waste is mixed and moved to the feeder 17, then the mechanism 18 is discharged through the window 2 into the charging zone 7 of the furnace 1 on the surface of the slag melt, brought into the bubbling state by the gas mixture entering the melt through the lances 10. The waste is then fed to the melting zone 8, where it melts to form slag and metallic melts, as well as flue gases. The molten slag, pouring into the siphon chamber 9, is removed from the furnace through the hole 5 into the granulation chamber 26, and the molten metal is removed through the hole-hole 4. From the branch pipe 11 of the furnace 1, the flue gases are sent to the refrigerator 12 and, passing through its tubes, are cooled to The first stage to a temperature of 1000-800 ^o C, and the second to a temperature of 20-25 ^o C for a fraction of a second. Due to the cooling of gases in such a short time, the possibility of re-formation of toxic dioxins is prevented. The cooled flue gas under the influence of the vacuum generated by the smoke exhauster 21 passes through the filters of the purification system 19 where they are released from many harmful substances and the filtered solid fraction from the flue gas enters the collector 20 from which it is periodically reloaded into the hopper 16 of the charging device for re- Afterburning. The purified gas of the exhaust fan 21 is injected into the nebulizer 24 of the device 23 to absorb chlorine gas therefrom. The flue gas leaves the atomizer 24 in the form of small jets, meets the water curtain created by the nozzles 25 in the form of drops of hot water, interacts with it, gives off chlorine, and then escapes into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 22. Water, falling down, merges into Capacity for future use.

Thus, the presence in the complex of a refrigerator that provides in an ultrashort time a decrease in the temperature of the flue gases from 1550 ^o C to 20-25 ^o C and their supply to a purification system in the cold state, and devices for the absorption of chlorine by hot water spraying, which dissolves in it Residual chlorine gas, allows to increase the safety of flue gases emitted into the atmosphere. Environmental safety when loading waste into the furnace and ensuring ease of maintenance of this process and its uninterrupted operation are achieved by means of a closed loading device, which avoids direct contact with hazardous waste of maintenance personnel. In addition, the uninterrupted operation of the entire complex for a long time is also achieved due to the fire resistance of the internal surfaces of the furnace, lined with continuously cooled caissons.

The above advantages of the proposed set of devices for solid waste management allow to increase its productivity and reliability for a long time.

CLAIM

A set of devices for the processing of solid domestic and industrial waste, containing a caisson smelter, divided by partitions to form a charging, melting and siphoning chamber, made with windows for loading waste and fluxes, with holes for removing molten metal and slag, a flue gas duct and Tuyeres on the lower part of the smelting chamber, a charging device in the form of an inclined drum with the possibility of rotation and with a receiving hopper and waste feeder located at its ends, a heat exchanger connected to the furnace, a gas cleaning system, a smoke exhaust and an exhaust pipe, characterized in that the caissons , Which are lined with internal surfaces of the furnace, are equipped with nozzles for the entry and exit of refrigerant, drawn on its outer surface, directly above the furnace flue there is a heat exchanger made in the form of a two-stage cooler, equipped with cooling and refrigerant nipples on both cooling stages and providing a sharp cooling of the smoke Gases to a temperature of 20-25 ^° C., the receiving hopper of the charging device is provided with a branch pipe coaxial to the end of the drum with the possibility of moving along its axis and is equipped with a crushing device mounted inside the hopper and rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum, Waste is made in the form of a fixed nozzle that covers the other end of the drum and connected through a waste feeder with a window for loading waste into the furnace, the gas purification system, which is a series of interconnected filters, is connected with a smoke exhaust and a collection of filtered solid fraction to return it to the receiving Hopper of the charging device, and between the smoke exhaust and the exhaust pipe there is installed a device for absorbing chlorine gas equipped with a flue gas atomizer with a reflector at its end and water spray nozzles located at the perimeter of the device at the reflector level.

print version
Published on February 19, 2007

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