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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2098933

LINE FOR PROCESSING LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE

LINE FOR PROCESSING LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE

The name of the inventor: Mkhitaryan GA; Panteleyev VI; Puzankov AG; Smolinsky EA
The name of the patent holder: Open joint-stock company "Scientific Research Institute of Complex Problems of Mechanical Engineering for Livestock and Fodder Production"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1995.12.07

Use: in agriculture, namely, for the processing of liquid organic wastes of livestock and for the production of organic fertilizers and recycled water. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a line for processing liquid organic waste contains sequentially installed and connected to each other by means of transportation of liquid processed raw material a slurry tank, a shredder pump, a coarse inclusions separator, an anaerobic filter, a two-stage electric coagulator, a centrifugal sludge separator, an electro acoustic disinfector and an ultrafiltration unit, For solid fraction from coarse inclusions separator, anaerobic filter, two-stage electrocoagulator, centrifugal desilter and ultrafiltration unit are connected by common concentrator line with composting unit. The anaerobic filter is in the form of a thermostated fermentation vessel having an inner central tube, the upper protruding above the fermentation tank is aligned with the gas cap and communicating by means of a water seal with a gas cavity at the top of the fermentation vessel and the lower end of which is located relative to the bottom of the fermentation vessel with a clearance , Which provides the turbulization of the sediment. In the middle part of the fermentation vessel, around the inner central tube, there is an annular mesh container filled with a granular carrier of the working association of microorganisms. The composting unit includes fermentation tanks communicated with a mixer of components of the starting organic material by a transport system comprising, in series, a longitudinal conveyor located behind the mixer, a composting mix distributor consisting of transverse belt conveyors successively assembled into a unit in one cassette mounted to move along guides Longitudinal and transverse relative to the fermentation vessels, and means for unloading and leveling the discharged mass in the form of a bucket elevator with an adjustable slope, the upper support of which is hingedly connected to the end of the latter in the cassette of the transverse conveyor belt, and the lower support is connected by a cable connection to the one having Manual or electric reversible drive with a winch mounted on the rollers with the ability to move along the guide cassettes.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to technological lines for processing liquid organic wastes of livestock, such as manure, plant residues, livestock production effluents and mixtures thereof, and can be used in pig farms, poultry farms and cattle complexes for processing effluents and Production of organic fertilizers and recycled water.

A line for the processing of manure, for example pig-breeding complexes, is known, containing nodes that carry out collection and separation operations for liquid and solid fractions, aerobic treatment of liquid fraction, sludge treatment, drain disinfection, sediment stabilization when finishing the purification of the liquid fraction to parameters, (See the book "Livestock complexes and environmental protection," by Voroshilov, Yu. I. Durybaev, SD Erbanova, LN et al. M. Agropromizdat, 1991, pp. 46- 48, Fig. 8).

The drawbacks of this well-known line are high energy intensity, the need to divert large areas of land for natural treatment of liquid fraction and air pollution in the zone where livestock farms are located.

The closest analogue of the proposed invention is a line for processing liquid organic waste, in which, along the process, there are sequentially connected, by means of transportation means of liquid processed raw material, a slurry tank, a homogenizer, a coarse inclusions separator, an outlet for the solid fraction from which is communicated with the node Composting, and devices for anaerobic digestion, coagulation and purification of the liquid fraction to obtain recycled water (see USSR et al., No. 1711701, M. Class A 01 C 3/00, published 1992).

The disadvantages of this well-known line are the complexity of its design and the large energy costs for its operation.

The purpose of the present invention is to simplify the design of the line for processing liquid organic waste and to reduce the energy costs for its operation while ensuring the required quality of the fertilizer produced.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the line for processing liquid organic waste, in which, along the process, there are sequentially connected by means of transportation of liquid processed raw material a slurry tank, a homogenizer, a separator of coarse inclusions, an outlet for the solid fraction from which is communicated with the node Composting, and devices for anaerobic digestion, coagulation and purification of the liquid fraction to produce recycled water, includes an electroacoustic disinfector and a common concentrator line, while the pulverizer is used as a homogenizer, anaerobic filter and two-step filter are used as anaerobic digestion and coagulation devices An electrocoagulator, and as a liquid fraction purification device, a centrifugal sludge separator and an ultrafiltration unit, the electroacoustic disinfection unit being installed between the centrifugal desiccator and the ultrafiltration unit, and the solid fraction exits from the coarse inclusions separator, anaerobic filter, two-stage electric coagulator, centrifugal sludge separator and ultrafiltration unit are connected by common Concentration pipeline with a composting unit.

The anaerobic filter is made in the form of a thermostated fermentation vessel having an inner central tube, the upper protruding above the fermentation tank is aligned with the gas cap and communicating by means of a water seal with a gas cavity at the top of the fermentation vessel and the lower end of which is installed relative to the bottom of the fermentation vessel A gap providing sludge turbulence, and an annular mesh container placed in the middle of the fermentation vessel around the inner central tube and filled with a granular carrier of the working association of microorganisms.

In addition, the composting unit is made in the form of a complex comprising fermentation vessels and a mixer of components of the raw organic material connected by a transport system comprising in series a conveyor belt located behind said mixer, a composting mix distributor consisting of transverse belt conveyors successively assembled into a unit in one cassette Mounted on the guides in both longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the fermentation tanks, and means for unloading and leveling the discharged mass in the form of a bucket elevator with an adjustable tilt, the upper support of which is pivotally connected to the end of the latter in said cassette of a transverse belt Conveyor, and the lower support is connected by a cable connection to a manual or electric reversible drive with a winch mounted on the rollers with the possibility of moving along the guides.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawing, where

LINE FOR PROCESSING LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE
LINE FOR PROCESSING LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE

1 is a schematic diagram of a line for processing liquid organic waste;
2 shows an anaerobic filter design; 3 shows a composting station.

The line for processing liquid organic waste contains sequentially installed and connected with each other by means of transportation of liquid processed raw material a sewage accumulator 1, a shredding pump 2, a plate separator 3 of rough inclusions, the outlet for the solid fraction from which is connected by a pipeline to a common concentrator 4 communicated with the node 5 of the composting, and the outlet for the liquid fraction of the separator 3 is connected to an anaerobic filter 6 intended for gasification of biodegradable organic substances and consisting of a thermostated fermentation vessel and a flow mixing system and its displacement relative to a volumetric distributed carrier with a methanogenic ferment fixed thereon Anaerobic filter is described below). In the line in the course of the treatment of the liquid fraction, an anaerobic filter 6 is successively placed: a two-stage electrocoagulator 7 providing precipitation of the colloid particles in the electrostatic field, a centrifugal sludge separator 8, for example in the form of a pendulum centrifuge, an electroacoustic disinfector 9, an ultrafiltration unit 10 made, for example , On the tubular membranes and carrying out clarification of the incoming liquid to the norms of circulating water, which is directed to the technological purposes by the pipeline 11: washing manure, hydrotransport, etc. Outputs for the solid fraction from the coarse-grained separator 3, anaerobic filter 6, two-stage electrocoagulator 7, centrifugal sludge separator 8 Of the ultrafiltration unit 10 are connected by a common concentrator 4 with the mixing part of the composting unit 5.

The anaerobic filter 6 is made in the form of a thermostated fermentation vessel 12 (with a water jacket and thermal insulation) having a ferrule inlet (not shown) and branch pipes 13 and 14 respectively for biogas and sediment removal. Inside the fermentation vessel 12, a central tube 15 is installed, the upper protruding above the fermentation vessel 12, the end of which is aligned with the gas cap 16, and is communicated by means of a water seal 17 with a gas cavity 18 at the top of the fermentation vessel 12. The lower end of the central tube 15 is disposed relative to the bottom of the fermentation vessel 12 c Gap providing turbulization of the sediment. In the middle portion of the fermentation vessel 12, an annular mesh container 19 is placed around the central tube 15, filled with a granular carrier 20 of working association of microorganisms, for example, floating granules.

The composting unit 5 is made in the form of a complex comprising fermentation vessels 21 and a mixer 22 of components of the starting organic material connected by a transport system comprising a longitudinal conveyor 23 arranged successively behind the mixer 22, a composting mix distributor and means for unloading and leveling the discharged mass. The distributor of the compost mixture consists of transverse belt conveyors 24 successively assembled into a unit in one cassette 25 mounted to be movable along the guides 26 and 27, respectively, in longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the fermentation vessels 21. The means for unloading and leveling the discharged mass is made in the form of a bucket elevator 33 with an adjustable slope. The upper support of the elevator 28 is pivotally connected to the end of the latter in the cassette 25 of the transverse belt conveyor 24, and the lower support is connected by a cable link 29 to a manual or electric reversible drive winch 30 mounted on the rollers with the ability to move along the guides 27.

LINE FOR PROCESSING LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE WORKS AS FOLLOWS:

From the manure removal system, manure drains with a moisture content of 93-98% enter storage tank 1, where they are homogenized by means of a pump-grinder 2 and fed to a plate separator 3 of coarse inclusions, in which they are subjected to separation into liquid and solid fractions. Then, the solid fraction through the concentrate line 4 is fed to the composting unit 5, where it undergoes biological treatment and stabilizes in the main fertilizer components. With a moisture content of the main compostable fraction exceeding 65%, a sorbent (peat or sawdust) is added to it, which allows to lower the humidity to a level at which air permeability of the mass is ensured. A liquid fraction of runoff with humidity of 96-98% from the separator 3 enters the anaerobic filter 6, in which it undergoes anaerobic digestion. The excess active ferment that settles in the lower part of the anaerobic filter 6 is diverted to the concentrate line 4. The liquid phase of the runoff, purified by anaerobic decomposition of the organic material to 90-95% after the two-stage electrocoagulator 7, is fed to the centrifugal sludge separator 8, and then enters the electroacoustic disinfector 9, Where the microflora of the stream is subjected to a complex effect of electroactivation and ultrasonic vibrations, accompanied by a partial separation of water into catalytes and analytes, which provides the required bactericidal effect and demineralization. The non-viable bacterial cells are separated from the technological part of the runoff in the ultrafiltration unit 10 and in the form of a suspension enter the concentrate line 4. The solid fraction of the slurry from the coarse inclusions separator 3, the anaerobic filter 5, the two-stage electrocoagulator 7, the centrifugal separator 8 and the ultrafiltration unit 10 enters the common concentrator line 4, through which it is fed to the mixing part of the composting unit 5, in which the dense fraction from the recycled waste is transformed into an organic organic fertilizer with a moisture content of not more than 65%. Purified and disinfected water after the ultrafiltration unit 10 is recycled via line 11.

When the anaerobic filter 6 is operated, the following process proceeds. The fermented mass is fed through the inlet into the fermentation vessel 12. During digestion, biogas is released, which from the gas cap 16 is diverted through the pipe 13 to use for thermal needs. At the beginning of the process, the lower end of the septum tube 17 is immersed in the fermentation mass contained in the container 12, i. E. The hydraulic shutter 17 is closed and the gas cap 16 is disconnected from the gas space 18 in the upper part of the container 12. The resulting biogas is accumulated in the gas cavity 18, and from the gas cap 16 is continuously withdrawn by a vacuum pump. As a result, the pressure in the gas cavity 18 exceeds the pressure in the gas cap 16. Under the resulting pressure difference, the level of fermentation mass in the fermentation vessel 12 decreases, and in the central tube it increases, due to the flow of fermentation mass from the container 12 into the pipe 15 through the gap between it The bottom end and bottom of the container 12 and through the shutter pipe 17. When the level of the fermentation material is lowered in the fermentation vessel 12, a sharp equalization of the pressures in the gas cavity 18 and the gas cap 16 takes place below the lower end of the septum 17 and the fermentation mass flows under the head from the central tube 15 to Fermentation vessel 12 through the gap between the lower end of the pipe 15 and the bottom of the container 12, which leads to turbulization of the precipitate. The fermentation of the fermented mass is effected by exchanging the fermentation vessel 12 and the central pipe 15 through said gap and the water seal tube 17. In the fermentation vessel 12, cyclically repeated lowering and raising the level of the fermentation mass, which is continuously filtered through the granular carrier 20 of the working association of the microorganisms, Filling the annular mesh container 19, thereby increasing the productivity and efficiency of the fermentation process. The sediment is discharged from the fermentation vessel 12 through the branch pipe 14 and enters the concentrate line 4.

The composting station 5 operates as follows.

The initial components of the composted mass enter the mixer 22, which ensures uniform mixing and feeding of the finished compost mass along the longitudinal conveyor 23 and the transverse conveyor 24 to the fermentation vessels 21. After charging, each of the fermentation vessels 21 is blown through the air distribution system (not shown) The specified program. Due to the activity of thermophilic microorganisms, a biothermal process develops, leading to the death of pathogenic microflora, helminths, weed seeds and humification of organic matter. After 5-3 days the process ends and the bucket elevator carries out the unloading of the finished compost into the tractor trolley, or by means of the transverse belt conveyors 24 and the longitudinal conveyor 23, the finished mass is fed to the packing site. The bucket elevator 28 is moved along the fermenter along the guides and is height-regulated by means of a winch 30 connected to the cable link 29.

CLAIM

1. A line for processing liquid organic waste in which, sequentially connected to each other by means of transportation of liquid processed raw material, a slurry tank, a homogenizer, a coarse incinerator, a solid fraction outlet from which is communicated with the composting unit, and devices For anaerobic digestion, coagulation and purification of the liquid fraction to obtain recycled water, characterized in that it includes an electroacoustic decontaminator and a common concentrator wire, while a pulverizing pump is used as the homogenizer grinder, as an anaerobic filter and two-step anaerobic digestion and coagulation devices An electrocoagulator, and as a liquid fraction purification device, a centrifugal sludge separator and an ultrafiltration unit, the electroacoustic disinfection unit being installed between the centrifugal desiccator and the ultrafiltration unit, and the solid fraction exits from the coarse inclusions separator, anaerobic filter, two-stage electric coagulator, centrifugal desilter and ultrafiltration unit are connected by common Concentration pipeline with a composting unit.

2. A line according to claim 1, characterized in that the anaerobic filter is in the form of a thermostated fermentation vessel having an inner central tube, the upper protruding above the fermentation tank is aligned with the gas cap and communicating by means of a water seal with a gas cavity at the top of the fermentation vessel, And the lower end of which is located relative to the bottom of the fermentation vessel with a gap providing turbulization of the precipitate and an annular mesh container placed in the middle of the fermentation vessel around the inner central tube and filled with a granular carrier of the working association of microorganisms.

3. A line according to claim 1, characterized in that the composting unit is made in the form of a complex comprising fermentation vessels and a mixer of components of the starting organic material connected by a transport system comprising, in series, a longitudinal conveyor behind the mixer, a compost mix distributor consisting of transverse belt Conveyors successively assembled into a unit in one cassette mounted to be movable along the guides in both longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the fermentation tanks and means for unloading and leveling the discharged mass in the form of a bucket elevator with an adjustable inclination whose upper support is hinged Is connected to the end of the latter in said cassette of the transverse belt conveyor, and the lower support is connected by a cable connection to a winch mounted on the rollers with a manual or electric reversible drive.

print version
Published on February 19, 2007