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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2269415
METHOD OF THERMAL PROCESSING OF WEARED TIRES
AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
The name of the inventor: Antonenko Vladimir Fedorovich (RU); Anikeev Valeryan Nikolaevich
The name of the patent holder: Krivoruchko Evgeny Petrovich (RU); Komlik Sergey Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 644029, Omsk, PO Box 251, S.N. Filonenko
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.04.26
The invention relates to the thermal processing of hydrocarbon feedstocks, in particular to the utilization of worn-out tires and other rubber-technical products. In the process for the thermal processing of worn tires, pyrolysis of crushed tires in the reactor is carried out at a temperature of 550-800 ° C in a reducing gas environment obtained in a reducing gas generator by burning gases containing hydrocarbons and separating the pyrolysis products. The process uses a thermal unit. At least a portion of the gaseous pyrolysis products leaving the reactor with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbons is fed to the reducing gas generator and the heat unit. At least a portion of the flue gases leaving the heat aggregate are fed to a reducing gas generator and a reactor. To implement the method, an installation for the thermal processing of worn tires is provided, comprising a reactor, a system for venting gases formed in the reactor, a reducing gas generator connected to the reactor, a feed system for the reactor of crushed tires, and a receiver for the solid pyrolysis residue. The unit is equipped with a heat unit with a flue gas outlet, and the system for removing gases formed in the reactor is connected to a generator of reducing gases and a heat unit. The flue gas outlet means is connected to a generator of reducing gases and a reactor. The invention makes it possible to eliminate the supply of superheated steam from the process, replacing it with the supply of flue gases, and to use the pyrolysis products instead of the hydrocarbon gas in obtaining the reducing gas.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The group of inventions refers to the field of thermal processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, in particular to the utilization of tires and other rubber products.
There is a known method for processing used tires by vacuum pyrolysis at 490-510 ° C and an absolute pressure of less than 5 kPa to obtain carbon black with an iodine absorption of 0.13-0.15 kg / kg, a DBF oil number (80-100) of 10-5 m 3 / kg and the number of coloring ability 55-63 (US Patent 5,087,436, published on February 11, 1992).
A method for thermal processing of worn-out tires is known, including loading them into a reactor, pyrolysis of the material, followed by separation of pyrolysis products and unloading of the solid residue. Pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of up to 1000 ° C in a reducing gas environment (UK Patent 1481352, published 27.07.77).
A common drawback of the above methods is the complicated hardware design of the process and the large energy costs involved in the process.
A method for processing combustible waste such as worn out tires or similar rubber waste is known, comprising charging a charge to the reactor, which at least partially consists of pieces of combustible waste in order to pyrolyze and gasify the latter, establishing a gas stream through the charged batch by feeding to the reactor Oxygen-containing gasifying agent and removal of gaseous and liquid products from the reactor, while the maximum temperature in the reactor is maintained within 800-1700 ° C (RF patent No. 2062284, published on June 20, 1996).
There is a known method for processing worn tires containing their thermal decomposition at 400-600 ° C with the formation of vapor-gas products and a solid carbon residue, cooling them to 40-50 ° C, separating them into liquid and vapor phases and a solid carbon residue, while cooling the carbon The residue is evaporated by pyrolysis water with the addition of gaseous ammonia to the cooling zone (RF patent No. 2142357, published on 10.12.99).
In the patents No. 2062284 and No. 1422235, the processing of worn-out tires is carried out in the environments of the oxygen-containing gaseous agent fed into the bed of the material being processed, i.e. In an oxidizing gaseous medium, which increases the energy costs of processing the material.
The method of thermal processing of worn-out tires, according to which shredded tires are loaded into the reactor, is known to be closest to the technical essence of the patent No. 239187 (published on 10.10.1999), pyrolysis of the material is carried out at a temperature of 550-800 ° C in a reducing gas medium at a ratio of the reducing Gas to the material 0.20-0.45: 1 followed by separation of pyrolysis products. The reducing gas is produced by the method of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with 
= 0,4-0,085, and at the end of pyrolysis, superheated steam is supplied at 250-300 ° C in an amount of 0.03-0.12: 1 to the feed material.
Said process is carried out in a plant comprising a reactor, a system for evacuating gases formed in the reactor, a reducing gas generator connected to the reactor, a superheater, a hopper for feeding the crushed tires to the reactor, and a receiving device for solid residues of the thermal decomposition of the products.
A disadvantage of this invention is the high energy costs due to the use of an external source of hydrocarbons for the reducing gas and steam.
The object of the invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a method for processing worn out tires and an installation for carrying it out, which makes it possible to increase the processing efficiency while reducing energy costs and obtaining quality products suitable for recycling
The above object is achieved in that in a process for the thermal processing of worn tires in which pyrolysis of crushed tires in a reactor is carried out at a temperature of 550-800 ° C in a reducing gas environment obtained in a reducing gas generator by burning gases containing hydrocarbons and separating the pyrolysis products, A new one is that a thermal unit is used, at least part of the gaseous pyrolysis products leaving the reactor with liquid hydrocarbon vapor is supplied to a reducing gas generator and a heat unit, and at least a portion of the flue gases leaving the heat aggregate are fed to a regeneration generator Gases and reactor. Preferably, pyrolysis is carried out at a total ratio of reducing gas to material 0.8-1.1: 1.
It is advisable to feed a part of the flue gases in the amount of 0.25-0.50: 1 to the material directly into the reactor at a temperature of 120-180 ° C.
The above object is achieved by the fact that the method according to the invention is carried out in a thermal processing plant for worn out tires comprising a reactor, a system for venting gases formed in the reactor, a reducing gas generator connected to the reactor, a feed system for the reactor of crushed tires, and a receiver for a solid pyrolysis residue. New is the fact that the unit is equipped with a heat unit with a flue gas outlet, and a system for withdrawing gases formed in the reactor is connected to a generator of reducing gases and a heat unit, while the flue gas outlet means is connected to a generator of reducing gases and a reactor.
It is advisable to supplement the installation with a system for separating the liquid-fuel fraction, which is installed with the possibility of connecting to a system for evacuating the gases formed in the reactor.
It is preferable to supplement the installation with a preheating system of crushed tires connected to the flue gas discharge means and the flue gas discharge means to the atmosphere. It is advisable to equip the installation with means to control the temperature of the specified zones of the reactor, and also to supply it with controlled means for the preset regulation of the flow of gases.
The invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which an apparatus according to the invention is shown.
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The installation for the thermal processing of worn tires and rubber products contains a heat-insulated sealed reactor 1 connected in the upper part by a sluice feeder 2 with a heated hopper 3 for shredded tires; Connected to the reactor 1 through the sluice feeder 4 in the lower part of the reactor, a receiving device 5 for the solid pyrolysis residue; A generator of reducing gas 6 connected to the reactor 1; Heat unit 7, which is in the form of a boiler with a burner device 8 and means 9 for venting flue gases into the atmosphere. The reactor 1 is connected to the burner device 8 of the heat unit 7 via the pyrolysis gas extraction duct 10 and the flow regulator 11, the means for creating the thrust 12 and the flow controller 13, and through the pyrolysis gas extraction duct 10, the flow controller 11, the means for creating the thrust 12 and the flow controller 14 with the burner device of the reducing gas generator 6 through its first inlet element 15. The heat unit 7 by its flue gas channel 16 through the means for creating the thrust 17, the flow controller 18, the thrust means 19, the flow controller 20 and the valve 21 are connected to the generator 6 by means of its second inlet element 22, and through the means for Creating a thrust 17, a valve 18, a means for creating a thrust 19, a flow controller 20, and a valve 23 with a lower part of the reactor 1 via an inlet channel 24. The flue gas channel 16 is connected to the flue gas discharge means 9 into the atmosphere. The generator of the reducing gas 6 is made in such a way that it is possible to control the temperature of the gases fed from it to the reactor 1 to a predetermined value. |
In order to ensure the stability of combustion, the installation includes an atmospheric air supply circuit for creating a thrust 25 through the valve 26 into the burner means of the generator 6 via the first inlet element 15 and through the valve 27 to the burner 8 of the heat unit 7.
The installation is carried out with a device for separating the liquid-fuel fraction, made in the form of a condenser 28 connected to the pyrolysis gas extraction channel 10 through the shut-off valve 29 and the flow controller 11, and to the liquid collection tank 30 by the pump 31.
The installation is carried out with the preheating circuit of the crushed tires in the hopper 3, the flue gases supplied from the flue gas channel 16 of the heat unit 7 by the means for creating the thrust 17 through the valve 32 and the inlet fitting 33 of the heating means 34 (coil) located in the hopper 3, From which they are discharged through the branch pipe 35 into the flue gas discharge means 9.
The valves and flow regulators installed in the communication lines are adjustable and can be made with both manual control and / or with an electric drive that can withstand the required temperatures of the gas streams.
As a means for creating traction, a fan, a smoke exhaust, a compressor, or an ejector may be used.
Control and adjustment of the process is carried out using temperature control means. The temperature sensor 36 is designed for temperature control of the reactor zone between the inlet of the flue gas inlet 24 and the inlet channel of the generator 6 to the reactor 1. The pyrolysis zone is monitored by a sensor 37 located near the lower part of the pyrolysis zone and a sensor 38 located near the top of the pyrolysis zone.
The output of gaseous pyrolysis products is monitored by a sensor 39 installed near the pyrolysis gas extraction channel 10. The reactor is also provided with a level sensor 40.
The receiver 5 for the solid pyrolysis residue is associated with a magnetic separator 41 for separating the solid pyrolysis residue into a metallic component output (arrow A) and a carbon residue sent to the package (arrow B).
The operation of the plant and the process of thermal decomposition of worn tires are carried out as follows.
Shredded worn tires or used rubber products are fed into hopper 3. Before the initial start-up of the plant, the bottom of the reactor 1 is filled with a solid carbon material (unused black). Gases from the auxiliary backup fuel are heated in the hopper 3 in the hopper 3 and the temperature in the reactor 1 is increased by connecting the reserve fuel to the burner unit of the generator 6 via the first inlet element 15. When the operating temperature (pyrolysis temperature) is reached, the reserve fuel is switched off and a continuous pyrolysis process is started, Supplying pyrolysis gases to the generator 6.
The shredded rubber tires from the hopper 3 through the feeder 2 are fed to the reactor 1. The reducing gas from the generator 6 is supplied to the lower part of the reactor at a temperature of 550-800 ° C in an amount of 0.45-0.70: 1.
A reducing atmosphere is a medium containing H 2 , CO, CH 4 and free of oxygen.
The limits of the mass ratio of the reducing gas to the loaded crumb of tires are determined experimentally, based on the surface area of the processed material and the speed of its processing.
Hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons contained in the reducing gas at a temperature above 500 ° C react with hydrocarbon compounds contained on the surface of the rubber crumb to form hydrocarbon vapor pairs from C 5 to C 14 and hydrocarbon gases from C 1 to C 5 . These vapors, mixed with a reducing gas with a temperature of 220-250 ° C, are withdrawn from the upper part of the reactor 1 and the means for creating the thrust 12 are supplied to the burner 8 of the heat unit 7 and to the generator of the reducing gas 6 through its first inlet element 15 in an amount of 0.1-0.2 parts of pyrolysis gases.
A portion of the hydrocarbon vapors discharged from the channel 10 when the shut-off valve 29 is turned on can be directed to a condenser 28 from which the discharged liquid is sent to the vessel 30. After the condenser, a mixture of gases and uncondensed hydrocarbon vapors is directed, or incinerated, through the flow controller 13 to the heat unit 7 , Or via the flow controller 14 to the burner device of the reducing gas generator via the first inlet element 15.
The flue gases are supplied through the valve 21 to the reducing gas generator 6 through the second inlet element 22 to create the desired temperature of 550-800 ° C., and upon completion of the pyrolysis through the valve 23 to the cooling and treatment zone of the solid residue in the lower part of the reactor 1. The total amount of flue gases fed into the reactor is 0.25-0.50: 1 to the material.
Gases at a temperature of 120-180 ° C contain water vapor in an amount of 8-10% and oxygen 4-7%.
Water vapor and oxygen, heated by the heat of solid products, enter with hydrocarbons remaining on their surface according to known reactions:
C n H m + O 2 = CO + H 2 O + H 2 + CO 2
C n H m + H 2 O = H 2 + CO + CO 2
And form an additional volume of reducing gas which enters the reaction zone of the reactor 1. The total amount of the reducing gas coming from the generator 6 and from the cooling zone and treating the solid residue amounts to the material 0.7-1.1: 2.
After cooling with flue gases, solid products containing carbon residue (carbon black, metal, mineral constituents of rubber compounds) are discharged through feeder 4 to a cooled solid product receiver 5 and separator 41 separates the residue into a carbon residue and a metal.
The capacity of the liquid separation unit depends on the mode of operation of the heat unit and is regulated (for example, increases or decreases depending on the season).
Example.
Preheated in the hopper 3 shredded tires (5-30 mm) heated with a reducing gas in a ratio of gas to material 0.5: 1 at 650 ° C, obtained in generator 6 at = 0.7, while burning 0.15 parts of pyrolysis products. The processing time is 22 minutes. After the end of pyrolysis, flue gases are fed to the lower part of the reactor at a temperature of 140 ° C from the heat unit 7 in a ratio of 0.3 to the feed material.
As a result of pyrolysis, 68% of gaseous and vaporous hydrocarbons and 32% of the solid residue are obtained from the weight of the feed material. The yield of the liquid phase from gaseous and vaporous hydrocarbons is 59.5%. The density of the liquid is d 420 , g / cm 2 is 0.92, the viscosity is kinematic, Cst is 5.5, the flash point is in the open crucible, ° C is 94.
After separation of the solid residue into carbon and metal, the carbon has the following ASTM values: iodine number, ml / 100 g - 112; Outer surface, STAB - 110; Light transmittance of toluene extract,% - 98; Adsorption of DBP, ml / 100 g - 93.
The results of the conducted experiments are summarized in Table 1. It follows from the table that at low pyrolysis temperatures the solid carbon residue (soot) has low physicochemical parameters and is not suitable for further use, or requires additional processing. At high pyrolysis temperatures, the yield of gaseous hydrocarbons increases, and the density of the liquid phase increases, which indicates a high content of heavy hydrocarbons, and further processing (and application) is significantly complicated.
The proposed method for utilization of tires and rubber products is an environmentally friendly and economical method of obtaining energy and, in comparison with the prototype, allows the supply of superheated water vapor to be excluded from the process, replacing it with the supply of flue gases, and instead of using a hydrocarbon gas, pyrolysis products (gases) , Except for starting the installation.
| Table 1 | ||||
| Indicators | Prototype | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| 1. Temperature of pyrolysis, ° С | 650 | 400 | 650 | 870 |
| 2. The amount of pyrolysis products supplied to the generator, based on the mass of the material | 0.3 | 0.08 | 0,15 | 0.27 |
| 3. Gaseous phase yield,% | * | 4.3 | 8.5 | 21.5 |
| 4. yield of carbon residue,% | 35 | 34.2 | 32 | 28 |
| 4.1. Iodine number of carbon residue, g / kg | 120 | 36 | 112 | 125 |
| 4.2. Light transmittance of toluene extract,%, | 93 | 19 | 98 | 99.5 |
| 5. Liquid phase yield,% | * | 61.5 | 59.5 | 51 |
| 5.1. Density of liquid d 420 , g / cm 2 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.97 | |
| 5.2. Viscosity is kinematic, С ст | 2.9 | 5.5 | 7.2 | |
| 5.3. Flash point in an open crucible, ° С | 82 | 94 | 158 | |
| * Total yield of gaseous and vaporous hydrocarbons 65% | ||||
CLAIM
1. A method for the thermal processing of worn-out tires in which pyrolysis of crushed tires in a reactor is carried out at a temperature of 550-800 ° C in a reducing gas environment obtained in a reducing gas generator by burning gases containing hydrocarbons and separating pyrolysis products, characterized in that The heat unit at least part of the gaseous pyrolysis products exiting the reactor with liquid hydrocarbon vapor is supplied to the reducing gas generator and the heat unit, and at least a portion of the flue gases leaving the heat aggregate are fed to the reducing gas generator and the reactor.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that pyrolysis is carried out at a total ratio of reducing gas to material 0.8-1.1: 1.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the flue gases in the amount of 0.25-0.50: 1 is supplied to the reactor at a temperature of 120-180 ° C.
4. A plant for the thermal processing of worn-out tires, comprising a reactor, a system for venting gases formed in the reactor, a reducing gas generator connected to the reactor, a feed system for the reactor of crushed tires, and a receiver for a solid pyrolysis residue, characterized in that it is provided with a thermal unit with an output means Of flue gases, and a system for withdrawing gases formed in the reactor is connected to a generator of reducing gases and a heat unit, wherein the flue gas outlet means is connected to a generator of reducing gases and a reactor.
5. The plant according to claim 4, characterized in that it additionally comprises a system for separating the liquid-fuel fraction, which is mounted to connect to the exhaust system of the gases formed in the reactor.
6. The plant of claim 4, further comprising a system for preheating the shredded tires in said supply system associated with the flue gas discharge means.
print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg
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