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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2277673

Combustion method INFECTED MEDICAL, chemical, biological and other hazardous waste and pyrotechnic MAT FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Name of the inventor: the rich Ivan (RU); Latyshenko Anatoly (RU); Nechaev Igor A. (RU); Yakovlev Sergey I.
The name of the patentee: rich Ivan (RU); Latyshenko Anatoly (RU); Nechaev Igor A. (RU); Yakovlev Sergey I.
Address for correspondence: 105037, Moscow, ul. Day, 26, kv.11, pat.pov. B.S.Lyahovichu, reg. number 175
Starting date of the patent: 2004.12.09

The invention relates to means for the destruction and disposal of hazardous waste, particularly infected medical, chemical, biological and other hazardous waste, waste incineration facilities or in the field. Technical result: improving the safety of hazardous waste incineration processes, pollution prevention, simplification of technology of preparation of waste for combustion while ensuring high reliability of the combustion process. A method of burning infected medical, chemical, biological and other hazardous wastes includes placing combustible object deposited on its surface with a mixture of filtration combustion comprising powdered metals: aluminum, magnesium, an oxidizing agent and a processing aid, a closed cavity with a gap from the bottom and sides to allow access air for combustion, ignition and disposal after the completion of the combustion process. Filtration combustion mixture is placed in a thickness of 10-22 mm between the bands or sheets of waterproof paper or plastic film, which are then glued or welded to obtain pyrotechnic mats placed around flared object. Within each of these mats is placed fuse and the mixture used filtration combustion additionally contains powdered zinc and iron or iron oxide in the following ratio of powdered metals: iron, aluminum, magnesium and zinc or powdered metals: aluminum, magnesium, zinc and iron oxide, by weight .% iron oxide or iron 0,05-99,5 aluminum 0,1-30,95, 0,39-39,0 magnesium, zinc 0,01-30,0. And characterized pyrotechnic mat used in the described method.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to means for the destruction and disposal of hazardous waste, particularly infected medical, chemical, biological and other hazardous waste, waste incineration facilities or in the field.

A method is known neutralization infected biological waste incineration in the field, comprising applying to the burned object from all sides of the fuel powder mixture through the metallized aluminum, magnesium and their alloys and subsequent combustion when placing an object under a metal heat reflector (RU 2036385 C1, F 23 G 7 / 00, 27.05.1995 city).

However, the known method does not provide uniform and complete combustion of the object, causing environmental pollution occurs products of incomplete combustion.

The closest analogue is the method of destruction of infected medical, chemical and biological waste and other hazardous materials, as described in RU 2157951 C1, F 23 G 7/00, 20.10.2000, the known method involves placing burned objects in a closed cavity with a gap from the bottom and wall for air access, filtration combustion obsypaniya powder based on a mixture of aluminum metal (Al) and magnesium (Mg), ignition and combustion after disposal process. Burnt object placed in the cavity to pre-rolled in it on top of the grate (for example, grid) layer of powdery composition filtration combustion, and after dusting facility powder and igniting the mixture is forced out of the atmosphere is taken (sucked) or injected air, part of which passed through the powder the combustion zone, and the flow rate is adjusted. The powdered composition comprises filtration combustion 91-97 weight% Al and Mg metallic powders at a ratio of 1:. (0.5-1.5), the oxidizing agent and processing aids.

However, the known method does not provide a sufficiently uniform flow of thermochemical processes by burning facility, as a result, does not exclude the emission is not completely burnt and decomposed products from the combustion zone. Technologically, it is difficult to provide a uniform distribution of the powder mixture combusted on the object.

The object of the present invention is to provide a high-tech, safe and cost-effective way of burning infected medical, chemical, biological and other hazardous waste.

The achieved technical result is to increase the safety of processes hazardous waste incineration prevention of pollution of the environment, the simplification of waste treatment technology for combustion while ensuring high reliability of the combustion process.

The formulated technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the process of burning infected medical, chemical, biological and other hazardous wastes, which includes placing combustible object deposited on its surface with a mixture of filtration combustion comprising powdered metals: aluminum, magnesium, an oxidizing agent and a processing aid in closed cavity with clearance from the floor and the walls to allow air to combustion, ignition and combustion after disposal process filtration combustion mixture is placed in a thickness of 10-22 mm between the bands or sheets of waterproof paper or plastic film, which are then glued or welded to give pyrotechnic mats placed around flared object, the inside of each of said mats placed fuse and the mixture used filtration combustion additionally contains powdered zinc and iron or iron oxide in the following ratio of powdered metals: iron, aluminum, magnesium and zinc or powdered metals: aluminum , magnesium, zinc and iron oxide, wt.%:

The combustion of large amount of these hazardous wastes stated technical result is attained also by the fact that said pyrotechnic mats placed further combusted in the volume of the object so that the layer thickness of the waste to be incinerated is 100-150 mm therebetween.

The flared object can be further introduced excipient, as which may be used peat in a weight ratio of burned waste peat, of 1: 1 or sawdust weight ratio burned waste: sawdust ratio of 1: 3, or sand in a weight proportion of waste incinerated sand, equal to 6: 1.

A housing defining said closed cavity, if necessary, is cooled by air passing between its walls, and part of the air used for cooling the housing can be directed into the combustion zone.

Formulated and technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the inventive process using pyrotechnic combustion mat, characterized in that it is designed as a glued or welded watertight strips or sheets of paper or polyethylene film, between which a layer 10-22 mm thick is placed filtration combustion mixture including powdered metals: iron, aluminum, magnesium and zinc or metals powders: aluminum, magnesium, zinc and iron oxide in a ratio, wt.%:

oxidant and processing aid with the following ratio of the mixture components, wt.%:

Placing filtration combustion mixture between the strips or sheets of waterproof paper or plastic film, which are then glued or welded to give mat pyrotechnic eliminates disadvantages operations carried out with powdered components near incinerators, and provides uniform flow of the high temperature pyrolysis thermochemical process.

When the thickness of the mixture layer of filtration combustion between the strips or sheets of less than 10 mm is not ensured uniformity of the flow of high-temperature thermo-chemical pyrolysis process. The thickness of the filtration combustion mixture between bands or sheets of more than 20 mm is not economically sensible.

Using the mixture further filtration combustion powdery zinc and iron or iron oxide in the specified ratios in the claims and it is necessary to ensure uniformity of the flow of high-temperature pyrolysis thermochemical process.

The combustion of large amounts of waste stacking layers of waste is carried out in the following sequence:

- Pyrotechnic mats containing a mixture of filtration combustion, placed a layer thickness of 15-20 mm;

- Waste incinerated 100-150 mm;

- Pyrotechnic mats containing a mixture of filtration combustion, etc .;

- The last top layer, but also on the sides of fireworks stacked mats, thus creating a closed cavity. Fuse serves to ignite pyrotechnic mats.

As a processing aid used combustible waste - waste oils, washes VFA, spent solvents, still bottoms, etc. organic production.

As the oxidizing agent used potassium nitrate, sodium or ammonium.

The use as iron powder iron as iron oxide - metal waste with the fine cross-sectional size less than 250 microns - a particulate metal filings mikrostruzhka, needles etc.

For uniform distribution of the temperature field in the incinerated waste facility in liquid or paste form solidified filler in a ratio of filler / departure:

For the manufacture of pyrotechnic mats using thin strips of waterproof material - waterproof paper with GOST 8828-89, polyethylene film.

The combustion of waste vysokogoryuchih between the walls of the combustion chamber housing defining a closed cavity, air is passed. Part of the heated air between the walls may be fed into the combustion zone as an additional oxidizing agent to ensure complete combustion. Further supply amount of the heated air is controlled in dependence on the temperature in the combustion zone and the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the closed cavity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION Figures 1 and 2, in which:

1 schematically shows a chamber with an inner cavity to accommodate Waste feed, equipped shown in block diagram form and feed systems regulate the air flow and the combustion products of suction, mixing and purification.

2 shows an embodiment of pyrotechnic mat.

With the help of these cameras and cleaner way to Implement destruction of hazardous medical, chemical and biological waste and other materials. However, other layout diagrams performing data device implementing the proposed method.

The process is carried at the same time as follows: grate, baking powder 1 to 2 destroy objects located in a closed cavity formed by pyrotechnic mats 3, 4 placed in a chamber with a sealed lid and the accidental release of combustion products and valve is isolated from the atmosphere - close the lid. Fuse is ignited pyrotechnic mats, for example, by using a thermite matches overlapped through a special hatch. Then forcedly take air from the atmosphere using, for example, blow-trailer machine of standard type (not shown) and is passed along the outer walls of the inner casing and the chamber 4 for protecting skin against overheating. Part of the air used for cooling is passed through the grate, baking powder into the combustion zone to optimize the destruction of the object 2 of the process that can be controlled by the temperature of flue gas sensor 5, a and (optional) for brightness in the combustion zone (for example, remote control thermovisors or pyrometer - not shown). Cost as passed through the combustion zone and the screening (cooling) air is controlled by, for example, a standard type regulators 6 managed by the control unit 7 based on the temperature sensor 5 readings.

To eliminate pollution by combustion products, which in unstable combustion process possible presence of aerosols and gases and adversely affecting the environment (OS) and the person, such as sooty particles hydrated mineral dust, oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur products combustion is aspirated from the chamber 4, dust from said purified gases.

Initial purification is carried out using a cyclone 8 made of heat-resistant and heat-resistant metal filter 9 performed using organosilicon woven materials. Then, the combustion products enter the catalytic filters 10, made in the form of blocks of ceramic honeycomb structure coated with a catalytic coating. For efficient operation of the catalytic filter 10 and the gas emission temperature neutralization exiting the combustion chamber 2 is not reduced. Suction the combustion products produced by a exhauster 11.

To accelerate the cooling of the working chamber 4, but also to eliminate air pollution and heat penetrating into the combustion residue after incineration process 2 is increased to the maximum flow rate of the intake air of the atmosphere, which in this case is passed through the working chamber 4.

After cooling of the working chamber 4 stop air pumping process, open the cover and clean it, and the remains of combustion in the form of ash can be buried.

These actions ensure effective destruction of most hazardous waste and materials, and eliminate environmental pollution.

According to the method described above infected biological waste were destroyed. Thus pyrotechnic mats made of polyethylene film with a thickness of filtration combustion mixture layer of 15 mm were used. The composition of the mixture, in weight.%: Powder metals - 80 Sodium nitrate - 15, technological additive - waste oil - 5, wherein the used composition powder mixture, in weight%: iron - 45 aluminum - 15 Mg - 15, zinc -. or iron oxide 25 - 10 aluminum - 30 Mg - 30, zinc - 30.

Analysis of the flue gases after the purification and ash residue showed that, within the measurement errors they lack all possible traces of pollutants and pathogens.

This technique (method and composition) were designed and tested in numerous field of medical testing and destruction of chemical waste.

CLAIM

1. A method for incineration of medical, chemical, biological and other hazardous wastes mainly comprising placing combustible object deposited on its surface filtration combustion mixture consisting of powdered metals: aluminum, magnesium, an oxidizing agent and a processing aid, a closed cavity with a gap from the bottom wall and to allow access of air for combustion, ignition and combustion after disposal process, characterized in that the filtration combustion mixture is placed in a thickness of 10-22 mm between the bands or sheets of waterproof paper or plastic film, which are then glued or welded to obtain pyrotechnic mats placed around flared object, the inside of each of said mats placed fuse and the mixture used filtration combustion additionally contains powdered zinc and iron or iron oxide in the following ratio of powdered metals: iron, aluminum, magnesium and zinc or powdered metals: aluminum, magnesium, zinc and iron oxide, wt.%:

2. The method of 1, characterized in that said pyrotechnic mats placed further combusted in a volume of the object so that the layer thickness of the waste to be incinerated is 100-150 mm therebetween.

3. The method of 1, wherein the object burnt in the filler is further added.

4. The method of 3, characterized in that the peat is used as a filler in a weight ratio of incinerated waste peat, equal to 1: 1.

5. The method of 3, wherein the filler used as sawdust weight ratio burned waste: sawdust ratio of 1: 3.

6. A method according to 3, characterized in that sand is used as filler at a weight ratio of burned waste sand equal to 6: 1.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said housing defining said closed cavity, is cooled by air passing between its walls.

8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that part of the air used for cooling the housing, is directed into the combustion zone.

9. The pyrotechnic mat infected hospital incinerators, chemical, biological waste and other hazardous materials from the process of any of claims 1-8, characterized in that it is designed as a glued or welded watertight strips or sheets of paper or polyethylene film, between which a layer of 10-22 mm placed filtration combustion mixture comprising powdered metals: iron, aluminum, magnesium and zinc or metals powders: aluminum, magnesium, zinc and iron oxide in a ratio, wt.%:

oxidant and processing aid with the following ratio of the mixture components, wt.%:

print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg

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