INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2282788

INSTALLATION defusing and destroying SOLID WASTE

INSTALLATION defusing and destroying SOLID WASTE

Name of the inventor: Alexander Novikov (RU); Koryukov Mikhail (RU); Arkady V. Melnikov (RU); Baht Vladislav V. (RU); Shchukin, Dmitry E.
The name of the patentee: Limited Liability Company "ITLAN"
Address for correspondence: 152903, Yaroslavl region, Rybinsk, st.. Chkalov, 89, komn.224, NGO VOIR
Starting date of the patent: 2004.12.27

The invention relates to the field of processing of solid waste, industrial, medical and other waste and can be used in the national economic complex with the neutralization and elimination of waste. The technical result of the invention is to provide a machine of destruction and disposal of solid waste, which has a high reliability and work efficiency. Installation neutralization and disposal of solid wastes comprises a loading device with the gasification chamber output openings pyrolysis gas, installed in the housing to define said screening zone pyrolysis gas to supply to the combustion and to an external consumer chamber afterburning chamber, the device removal of gaseous combustion products. Part cameras arranged to complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas, another part of the combustion chamber - to acquire from the combustion of pyrolysis gas and gasification agent is placed in the housing to supply the gasifying agent to the gasification chamber. The unit is equipped with deflectors placed in the afterburning chamber and are constructed as flat strips covering on the helix gasification chamber. Cameras pyrolysis gas combustion are set at an angle of inclination of the helical lines deflectors so that the resulting output of the combustion chamber high-speed flow of products of combustion enter the channels formed by the helical surfaces of baffles and moving along the canal, wash the outer surface of the gasification chamber, passing most of the heat energy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of processing of solid waste, industrial, medical and other waste and can be used in the national economy during the neutralization and elimination of waste.

The known plant neutralization and disposal of solid waste, comprising the gasification chamber with apertures for regulating oxygen-containing gasifying agent, and apertures for the withdrawal of gaseous products in the post-combustion chamber, an afterburning chamber with openings for introducing secondary air, wherein the gasification chamber part that its portion where the gasification zone , immersed in the post-combustion chamber (see. IPC F 23 G 5/00 description of the invention patent of the Russian Federation № 2089786, opubl.1997.09.10).

Known and installing neutralization and disposal of solid wastes, comprising a furnace waste-heat the gasification chamber to the drying zone and gasification with inlets for inputting oxygen-containing gasification agent and outlets for the withdrawal of gaseous products in the post-combustion chamber, an afterburning chamber with openings for introducing secondary air control device flow rate of the gasifying agent and secondary air, wherein one opening for introducing an oxygen-containing gasifying agent is located in a zone of gasification in another drying zone, and outlet openings for gases entering the afterburning chamber in the gasification zone (sm. IPC 5 F 23 G / 00 description the patent of the Russian Federation № 2089787, opubl.1997.09.10).

The disadvantages of the prior art are:

- Low reliability and efficiency due to a crash of recyclable waste in the upper part of the gasification chamber, connected with the resin separation from the waste when heated pyrolysis gas rising from the bottom of the gasification and deposition chamber of the relatively cool upper portion of the chamber wall, a and coking flow part pipes through which pyrolysis gas flows;

- A complex structure, due to the presence of additional power-consuming devices for the gasifying agent.

The closest to the claimed invention is the installation of disposal and destruction of solid waste containing the boot device, the gasification chamber with openings O gases, afterburner, receiving container waste, device removal of gaseous by-products, combustion chamber, part of which is located in the lower part of the afterburning tangentially camera the outer surface of the chamber operating space and the other part of the combustion chamber at the bottom of the gasification chamber radially to the center of the chamber and connected to the openings O of the gaseous gasification chamber product, the lower part of which is located in the housing to form an annular space connected to the internal volume of the gasification chamber, and with holes withdrawal of gaseous products (see. IPC F 23 g 5/027, 5/14 description of the invention patent of the Russian Federation № 2201552, publ. 27.03.2003 city).

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- Low reliability, due to:

- Tangential arrangement of the combustion chambers in the bottom of the post-combustion chamber, which is formed Ingredients temperature gasification chamber height, which leads to uneven heating of the waste being treated;

- Located at the bottom of the gasification chamber radially towards the center of the combustion chambers, at which the heating point, the concentration of heat energy and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the intensity of the gasification process, is required for this additional flow of pyrolysis gas.

- Low installation performance due to clogging of incandescent masses not the recycled output channel waste pyrolysis gas into the annular space, which leads to a decrease in the flow channel cross-section, the accumulation of pyrolysis gas in the gasification chamber and the impossibility of its receipt to perform manufacturing operations, which requires the forced extraction of pyrolysis gas from the gasification chamber.

The technical result of the invention is to provide a machine of destruction and disposal of solid waste, which has a high reliability and work efficiency.

Essence of the technical solution is that the installation of neutralization and disposal of solid waste, comprising a charging device, the gasification chamber with apertures O pyrolysis gas, installed in the housing to define said pyrolysis gas sampling areas to supply it to the combustion chamber and to the external consumer afterburner , the device removal of gaseous products of combustion, and a part chambers is arranged to complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas, another part of the combustion chamber - to acquire from the combustion of the pyrolysis gas of the gasifying agent and placed in the housing to supply the gasifying agent to the gasification chamber is provided with deflectors arranged to afterburner and are constructed as flat strips covering on the helix gasification chamber, pyrolysis gas combustion chamber mounted at an angle of inclination of helical lines baffles so that the resulting output combustion chamber high-speed flow of combustion products enter into the channels formed by screw surfaces of baffles and moving along the canal, wash the outer surface of the gasification chamber, passing most of the thermal energy.

The claimed invention differs from the prototype in essential characteristics:

- Unit is equipped with vents;

- Baffles arranged in the secondary combustion chamber;

- Deflectors are formed as flat ribbons;

- Deflectors comprise a helical line gasification chamber;

- Pyrolysis gas combustion chamber are set at an angle of inclination of the helical lines deflectors so that the resulting output of the combustion chamber high-speed flow of products of combustion enter the channels formed by the helical surfaces of baffles and moving along the canal, wash the outer surface of the gasification chamber, passing it the most heat.

Consequently, the proposed invention meets the criterion of "novelty".

Introduction into design of the installation of baffles located in the afterburning chamber will direct heat uniformly combustion chambers on the entire surface of the gasification chamber, and thus enhance the thermal effect on the recyclable waste are in the areas of drying, obtain pyrolysis gas and gasification zone.

Execution of baffles in the form of flat tapes gasification chamber covering on the helix will increase the surface of heat treatment and spread it on the entire outer surface of the gasification chamber, which will ensure a uniform distribution of the temperature field in the gasification chamber height, uniform heating of the drying zone, producing pyrolysis gas and gasification , thereby increasing the efficiency of the processes occurring within the gasification chamber and the operation of the whole unit.

Installing cameras incineration of pyrolysis gas at an angle of inclination of the helical lines baffles configured in such a way that they form at the output of the combustion chamber high-speed flow of products of combustion enter the channels formed by the helical surfaces of baffles and moving along the canal, wash the outer surface of the gasification chamber, passing it the most heat, thus allowing a high-temperature heat flow and direct it into the interior of the housing, which produces rotational movement of recycled hot mass-products, which promotes uniform heating of the entire mass of product in this area, intensifying the gasification process, increasing the reliability and efficiency of the plant.

The proposed technical solution, all features are interrelated and in combination with other elements allow to obtain a new technical result is: to improve the reliability and efficiency.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

INSTALLATION defusing and destroying SOLID WASTE

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Figure 1 shows a general view of the apparatus in section; Figure 2 - the element I; Figure 3 - section A - A.

Installation neutralization and disposal of solid wastes comprises a loading apparatus 1, the gasification chamber 2 with holes 3 O pyrolysis gas afterburning chamber 4, combustion chamber 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, the device removal of gaseous products of processing 11, deflectors 12 and 13 (the number which is determined by the amount of combustion chamber) disposed in the chamber afterburning 4 and made in the form of flat strips, covering the spiral gasification chamber line 2 mounted in the housing 14 to form a sampling area 15 of the pyrolysis gas combustion chamber 7, 8, 9, 10 mounted for obtaining from the combustion of pyrolysis gas and gasification agent arranged to supply the gasifying agent to the gasification chamber 2.

The device operates as follows. Solid wastes enter through sealed loading device 1 having the cover 16 and the gate 17 into the gasification chamber 2 gradually loaded in its entirety. The sealed charging device is necessary to isolate the gasification chamber and ensuring the impossibility of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Produce ignition combustion chambers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 by feeding them into the air and liquid or gaseous fuel. Thus at the exit of the combustion chambers 5, 6 are formed high-speed flow of combustion products which enter the channels 18, 19 formed by screw surfaces of the baffles 12,13. Moving along the channels, high flow combustion wash the outer surface of the gasification chamber products 2, distributing thermal energy flows across the surface, thus increasing the contact area and uniform heating of the gasification chamber zones, namely the drying zone, zone obtain pyrolysis gas and gasification zone, and , giving most of the heat processed products of the gasification chamber through the wall of the combustion products through the removal device 11 the gaseous products, is removed in the atmosphere, and heat transferred processed products, the drying process allows conducting, producing pyrolysis gas and gasification.

When working chambers 7, 8, 9, 10, the high-temperature heat flows, heat energy in addition to the gasification zone, the flow is made to travel incandescent mass unprocessed waste, mixing them, ensuring uniformity and intensity warming all gasification zone.

The resulting run thus installation pyrolysis gas enters the combustion chamber 5, 6, and used as the main fuel, while ensuring its complete combustion and pyrolysis gas entering the combustion chamber 7, 8, 9, 10 further heat energy, used as the gasification agent during recycling processes.

After the ramp-up supply is made off the starting gas or liquid fuel in all the combustion chambers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Operation of the combustion chambers 5, 6 ensures complete combustion of the gas obtained by the pyrolysis and the combustion products come out to the atmosphere through the device 11, removal of gaseous products.

Workflow pyrolysis gas burning in combustion chambers 7, 8, 9, 10 provides a gasifying agent with a maximum temperature of 2000 ° C, and a particular ratio of air, water vapor and carbon dioxide. At receipt of the gasifying agent in the gasification chamber is an increase in internal heat energy used in the drying process, producing pyrolysis gas and gasification.

Recyclable waste is moved from the drying zone through a zone producing pyrolysis gas in the gasification zone, where they are continuous heat treatment and after treatment gasifying agent is completely gasified and the resulting pyrolysis gas is discharged through the opening 3 O pyrolysis gas with one part of it is supplied to perform the process operations in the plant itself, and the other part is sent to an external user (not shown) for generating such thermal and electrical energy.

The remaining unprocessed particles enter into the receiving container 20 and removed for further processing and use.

The use of the invention will improve the reliability and efficiency of the installation work, receive additional thermal energy required for operation in stand-alone mode as well as to provide heat to buildings and structures, thus saving significant amounts of money.

CLAIM

Installation neutralization and disposal of solid waste, comprising a charging device, the gasification chamber with apertures O pyrolysis gas, installed in the housing to define said pyrolysis gas sampling areas to supply it to the combustion chamber and to the external consumer chamber afterburning device removal of gaseous combustion products, and part chambers is arranged to complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas, another part of the combustion chamber - to acquire from the combustion of the pyrolysis gas of the gasifying agent and placed in the housing to supply the gasifying agent to the gasification chamber, characterized in that the installation is provided with deflectors placed in the afterburning chamber, and made in the form of flat strips, covering the spiral line gasification chamber, pyrolysis gas combustion chamber mounted at an angle of inclination of helical lines baffles so that the resulting output combustion chamber high-speed flow of combustion products enter into the channels formed by screw surfaces of the baffles and moving along channel, wash the outer surface of the gasification chamber, passing most of the thermal energy.

print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg