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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2229060

INSTALLATION FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF SLUDGE

INSTALLATION FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF SLUDGE

Name of the inventor: Voichenko AA (RU); Medvedev AV (RU); Oparin VV
The name of the patentee: Closed Joint Stock Company "Socio-oriented enterprise"
Address for correspondence: 625048, Tyumen-48 / I 555, pat.pov.V.I.Mamonovoy, Identification No 190
Starting date of the patent: 2002.07.22

Installation relates to a device for processing waste can be used in the processing and combustion of industrial waste. Installation for the thermal processing of sludge includes the hopper, the pyrolysis chamber communicating with the combustion chamber, the air supply to the chamber and nozzles removal of gaseous products of combustion, exhaust fan. Installation comprising at least two interconnected cyclone connected to a hopper equipped with a drive belt coupled to the pyrolysis chamber, formed as a U-shaped pipe, equipped with electrodes and the associated injector communicating with the combustion chamber, which is connected pipe removal of gaseous combustion products with a cyclone. The second cyclone connected to the nozzle outlet of gaseous products containing exhaust fan, which is the exhaust fan. Cyclones are formed as vertically mounted cylindrical chamber having a narrowing taper in the lower parts. The cyclones are interconnected in the upper parts of the cylindrical discharge nozzles of the combustion gases, and at the bottom - through a discharge device equipped with a fan. EFFECT: reduced material consumption, cost, complexity of transportation and installation, improving manufacturability, reliability and durability, reliability, gas cleaning system, security and non-waste production.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a device for processing waste can be used in the processing and combustion of industrial waste.

Incinerator known (see. Russian patent №2087803, ICI F 23 G 5/00, publ. 08.20.97), comprising a vertically disposed furnace of a heat insulating material with a hatch at the top for loading waste and at least one nozzle, wherein the inside of the combustion chamber mounted combustion chamber made of refractory heat-conducting material, with an open surface at the upper part thereof for loading garbage and exit of the combustion gases, wherein the nozzle is arranged above the combustion chamber and in the lower part of the combustion chamber is arranged closable hatch for unloading the ashes .

The disadvantages of this device are limited applicability and high material consumption and costs.

This flaw is due to structural features of the device.

Known and accepted as a prototype installation (see., Eg, utility model №12458, IPC F 23 B 1/34, 1999), comprising the hopper with the dual combustion chamber formed by the inclined outer wall and a central conical air diffuser, shaping the combustion chamber walls are perforated down and fastened with an annular gap between them. By the walls of the combustion chamber is fed via the oxidizing air diffuser disc lattice mounted in a cylinder height partly covering the base of the combustion chamber. The air is preheated in an indirect heat exchanger type double pipe formed by the air supply pipes and discharge combustion gas fed into the second combustion chamber through the feed pipes through the exhaust fan mounted on the air supply pipe. Unburned residues fall into the hopper through the annulus of the combustion chamber base.

The disadvantage of such a device are low productivity, low manufacturability, reliability, and high consumption of materials, labor and the cost of transport and assembly of the constituent elements.

This flaw is due to design features of the base and the structural form of the constituent elements of reinforced concrete box units.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce the consumption of materials, cost, complexity of transportation and installation, improving manufacturability, reliability and durability, reliability, gas cleaning system, security and non-waste production.

Technical result is reached by that in the known apparatus for thermal processing of sludge, comprising a feed hopper, the pyrolysis chamber communicating with the combustion chamber, the air supply to the chamber and pipes removing gaseous products of combustion, exhaust fan, according to the invention it comprises at least two interconnected cyclone connected to a hopper equipped with a drive belt coupled to the pyrolysis chamber, formed as a U-shaped pipe, equipped with electrodes and the associated injector communicating with the combustion chamber, which is connected pipe removal of gaseous combustion products with one of the cyclones, the second cyclone is connected with a sleeve removal of gaseous products, comprising an exhaust fan, which exhauster, cyclones are formed as vertically mounted cylindrical chamber having a conical narrowing in the lower parts, wherein the cyclones are interconnected in the upper cylindrical portions nozzles removal of gaseous products combustion and lower portions by discharge device equipped with a fan, and a conveyor configured screw and the apparatus further comprises a converter which is configured as a hollow cylinder filled with a filler, which is used as metal chips, a discharge device designed as equipped with fan enclosed inclined chute associated with cyclones through pipes, casing components of the installation, such as: the combustion chamber, the air supply pipes and discharge of gaseous products of combustion, pyrolysis chamber, cyclones, the injector and the conveyor, unloading device, in the form of hollow cylinders, interconnected by a flange compounds.

Between features and achieved technical result there is the following causal relationship.

In contrast to the known analogues and the prototype implementation of the proposed installation for thermal processing of sludge as equipped with electrodes and supply system of the pyrolysis chamber air associated with an injector connected to the combustion chamber, which in turn is associated nozzle discharge combustion gases from the cyclones and then with neutralizer made as a hollow cylinder filled with a filler, which is used as iron chips, considerably reduces the material consumption and cost of the whole unit, simplifies installation, improves manufacturability. During operation of the plant between the electrodes of each pair of electric arcs occur, which is carried out by means of maintaining the required temperature over the whole volume of the pyrolysis chamber, which accelerates the process of thermal processing of sludge. As a result, air passing through the high-temperature mixture slurry zone around the arc discharge occurs partially combusting sludge that provides a certain temperature required for the gasification of the rest of the sludge in the whole volume of the pyrolysis chamber. When injected into the first high temperature heating zone occurs nefteshlamovozdushnoy mixture, its partial combustion, which increases the temperature in the reaction zone and the initial gasification (pyrolysis) of hydrocarbon component of the sludge. As a result, further movement of oil sludge falls into the second high temperature zone where the slurry further gasification, thereby forming a combustible gas. The products of combustion and pyrolysis in mixture with the mineral slurry passing through the injector, "blown" into the combustion chamber, or it can be said camera "reburning", which is additionally supplied under air pressure and complete combustion of fuel gas and residual organic part, ensuring complete waste-free production because of the sludge can only clean sand. combustion products, together with the mineral component comes through the pipe discharge combustion gases into the first cyclone 10, where they are separated in the mineral residue (sand), which through the lower cone of the cyclone poured into the transport container through a closed chute, ensuring safe storage of still hot from previous after cyclones sand. Flue gases - combustion gas by the vacuum created by the fan hood, enter the catalytic converter with metal shavings as filler, where they are clean of contaminants before being discharged into the atmosphere, which eliminates air pollution, ensuring the safety and waste-free production. Performing housing parts installation, such as: a pyrolysis chamber, cyclones, combustion chamber, injector, the air supply tubes and the removal of gaseous combustion products, conveyor, unloading device in the form of hollow cylinders connected together by means of flanges, provides a technological, rapid and quality production. All components of the proposed setup are formed as hollow cylindrical elements (pipe) flanges, which significantly reduces the material consumption, simplifies the assembly and reduces the cost of installation, the installation allows to assemble the components in the containers nodes that reduces the complexity of transportation, erection and dismantling. Easy installation manufacturing fast recovery in case of its failure, since the production of many components requires special equipment.

According to the applicant's knowledge, the totality of the essential features of the claimed invention "plant for the thermal processing of sludge" is not known in the prior art, which allows to conclude that the claimed invention, the criterion of "novelty".

According to the applicant, the nature of the claimed invention "plant for the thermal processing of sludge" should not be mainly because of the prior art, because of it is not detected above the impact on achieving technical result - a new property of the object - a set of attributes that are different from the prototype the claimed invention, that leads to the conclusion conforms to the criterion of "inventive step".

The set of essential features that characterize the nature of the invention "plant for the thermal processing of sludge," can be reused in the manufacture of such structures to obtain a technical result consisting in its improved performance and reliability, allowing to conclude that it conforms to the criterion of "industrial applicability" .

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation where

INSTALLATION FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF SLUDGE INSTALLATION FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF SLUDGE

Figure 1 shows a schematic of the thermal processing of sludge; Figure 2 - scheme of installation for thermal processing of sludge in the plan.

Apparatus for thermal processing of sludge hopper 1 comprises a pyrolysis chamber 2, communicating with the combustion chamber 3, supply air nozzles 4 into the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the air supply pipes 5 to the combustion chamber 3. Set contains tubes 6, 7, 8, 9 retraction gaseous products of combustion from the combustion chamber respectively 3, associated with one of the cyclone hopper 10, in turn connected to the cyclone chamber 12. The neutralizer 11 2 is designed for the pyrolysis of high-temperature sludge processing and is U-shaped tube 205 mm in diameter. pyrolysis chamber 2 is equipped with an injector 13 communicating with the combustion chamber 3. The hopper 1 is associated with a screw conveyor 14 which is driven by a drive 15 comprising an electric motor 16 and the reduction gear 17. The screw conveyor 14 is connected to the electrodes 18 and equipped with the air supply system 2. The pyrolysis chamber 19, the air supply system 19 for supplying air to the extent necessary and at a certain pressure in the combustion zone includes compressors 20, air tank 21, four air supply pipes in the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the air supply pipes 5 in combustion chamber 3, nozzles, air supply control valves (not shown in the diagram). In the air supply system and includes instrumentation (not shown in the diagram) that regulate the air flow, providing measurement and control of air pressure, a change in reaction rates. Luggage pyrolysis 2 is connected with an injector 13 which is connected to the combustion chamber 3 associated with a sleeve removal of gaseous combustion products 6 to the cyclone 10, the second cyclone 11 is connected with a converter 12 connected in turn, nozzle removal of gaseous combustion products 9 electric centrifugal fan forced exhaust 22, which is simultaneously induced-draft fan. The neutralizer 12 is designed as a hollow cylinder filled with a chemical reagent which is used as iron shavings, and is intended for cleaning of gas emissions resulting from the reactions occurring in the pyrolysis chamber 2 of contaminants. Cyclones 10 and 11 are formed as vertically mounted cylindrical chamber having a conical constriction 23 in the lower parts. In the upper cylindrical portion of the cyclone 10 and 11 interconnected respectively spigots 7 and 8, removal of gaseous products of combustion and the lower parts through the discharge device 24, which is designed as a fitted axial fan discharge 25, the closed chute 26 associated with the cyclone 7 and 8 through 27, the inclined and vertical pipes 28, respectively. The plant for the thermal processing of sludge enters the room accessory (Scheme not shown) designed to accommodate transformers, power supply, starting and protective equipment, control room and electrical communications. Electrical installation designed for driving and controlling the operation of the power supply, air supply system, but also an electric centrifugal fan forced exhaust, the axial discharge of the fan, but also the cooling fan power supply (not shown) and includes besides these set start and protective equipment sensors , remote control, integrated electric utilities into a single system.

Device operates as follows

To create the required volume of sludge to ensure the continuous feeding it to the processing from the hopper 1, V = 2,5 m 3, a pyrolysis chamber 2 is carried out continuously feeding it at a certain speed by means of the screw conveyor 14 (screw), which the actuator 15 by an electric motor 16 via a reducer 17 and a chain drive (not shown on the diagram). The feed slurry enters the conveyor U-shaped pyrolysis chamber 2, where it is picked up by the air flow generated by the air supply system 19, which includes compressors 20, air tank 21, four air nozzles. Thus, a slurry-air mixture which moves through the pyrolysis chamber 2. In the sludge flow path within the pyrolysis chamber 2 installed two pairs of electrodes 18. In this case, between each pair of electrodes having the electrical arc, by which to maintain the required temperature regime around 2. The pyrolysis chamber volume adjustment of the gap between the electrodes, i.e. arc current, and hence the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber 2 is done manually with a screw drive or automatically. As a result, air passing through the high-temperature mixture slurry zone around the arc discharge occurs partially combusting sludge that provides a certain temperature required for the gasification of the rest of the sludge in the whole volume of the pyrolysis chamber 2. After contact with the first high temperature heating zone occurs shlamovozdushnoy mixture, its partial combustion , which increases the temperature in the reaction zone and the initial gasification (pyrolysis) of hydrocarbon component of the sludge. В результате дальнейшего движения нефтепесчаная смесь - нефтешлам попадает во вторую высокотемпературную зону, где происходит дальнейшая газификация шлама, в результате чего образуется горючий газ. Продукты горения и пиролиза в смеси с минеральной частью шлама, проходя через инжектор 13, “вдуваются” в камеру сгорания 3 или, можно сказать, камеру “дожига”, куда дополнительно подается под давлением воздух. Здесь происходит сжигание образующегося в результате пиролиза горючего газа и остатков органической части. Продукты горения вместе с минеральной составляющей поступают через патрубок 7 отвода газообразных продуктов горения в первый циклон 10, где происходит их разделение на минеральный остаток, который через нижнюю конусную часть 23 циклона 10 ссыпается в закрытый наклонный желоб 26, где подхватывается воздушным потоком, создаваемым осевым вентилятором разгрузки 25, и выносится в отвал, и на дымовые газы, которые в смеси с небольшим количеством минерального остатка, попадают через патрубок 8 отвода газообразных продуктов горения во второй циклон 11. Здесь происходит окончательная очистка дымового выброса от минеральной составляющей, которая и поступает в отвал через наклонный разгрузочный желоб 26. Дымовые газы за счет разрежения, создаваемого вентилятором вытяжки, поступают в нейтрализатор, в котором используется в качестве наполнителя металлическая стружка, где происходит их очистка от вредных примесей, а затем выбрасываются в атмосферу.

Применение предложенного изобретения “Установка для термической переработки нефтешламов” позволит снизить трудоемкость ее транспортировки и монтажа, себестоимость, в том числе процесса термической переработки нефтешламов, снизить ее материалоемкость, повысить технологичность изготовления, надежность и долговечность, обеспечить безопасность и безотходность производства.

CLAIM

1. Установка для термической переработки нефтешламов, включающая загрузочный бункер, камеру пиролиза, сообщенную с камерой сгорания, систему подачи воздуха в камеры и патрубки отвода газообразных продуктов горения, вытяжной вентилятор, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит, по меньшей мере, два связанных между собой циклона, связанный с загрузочным бункером оснащенный приводом конвейер, соединенный с пиролизной камерой, выполненной в виде U-образной трубы, оснащенной электродами и связанной с инжектором, сообщенным с камерой сгорания, которая связана патрубком отвода газообразных продуктов горения с одним из циклонов, при этом второй циклон связан с патрубком отвода газообразных продуктов, содержащим вытяжной вентилятор, являющийся дымососом, циклоны выполнены в виде вертикально установленных цилиндрических камер, имеющих конусное сужение в нижних частях, причем циклоны связаны между собой в верхних цилиндрических частях патрубками отвода газообразных продуктов горения, а в нижних частях - посредством разгрузочного устройства, оснащенного вентилятором.

2. Установка для термической переработки нефтешламов по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что конвейер выполнен винтовым.

3. Установка для термической переработки нефтешламов по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что она дополнительно содержит нейтрализатор, который выполнен в виде полого цилиндра, заполненного наполнителем.

4. Установка для термической переработки нефтешламов по п.3, отличающаяся тем, что в качестве наполнителя используется металлическая стружка.

5. Установка для термической переработки нефтешламов по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что разгрузочное устройство выполнено в виде оснащенного вентилятором закрытого наклонного желоба, связанного с циклонами посредством патрубков.

6. Установка для термической переработки нефтешламов по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что корпуса составных частей установки, как то камера сгорания, патрубки подачи воздуха и отвода газообразных продуктов горения, пиролизная камера, циклоны, инжектор и конвейер, разгрузочное устройство, выполнены в виде полых цилиндров, связанных между собой посредством фланцевых соединений.

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Дата публикации 21.02.2007гг