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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2097085
MICROWAVE DETECTOR OF LIFE

Name of applicant: Oleg Fisun; Hubli Dmitry Vladilenovich; Victor Osipov Rostislavovich
Name of the inventor: Oleg Fisun; Hubli Dmitry Vladilenovich; Victor Osipov Rostislavovich
The name of the patentee: Oleg Fisun; Hubli Dmitry Vladilenovich; Victor Osipov Rostislavovich
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1994.04.18

The invention relates to the search and rescue service and can be used for active sensing of blockages from rocks, building materials, snow and objective determination of the presence in them a man with signs of life.

The inventive life detector has an electrically controlled switch 13, the block 12 automatically compensate, by a modulator 10 modulating the oscillator 14, the block 17 the basic detector phase shifter 16 by 90 ^o, two synchronous detectors 18, 19, two bandpass filters 21 and 20, block 22 processing quadrature signals, integrator 23 and counter 24, and the power amplifier is a variable gain.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the search and rescue service and can be used for active sensing of blockages with the aim of objectively determining the presence in them of a man with signs of life and assessment of the frequencies of breathing and heartbeat.

Known detector life, using the principle of action of the radio-wave interferometer using channel compensation, comprising a microwave generator, two directional coupler, a power amplifier, a circulator, an associated antenna adder, the first input coupled to the second output of the circulator, serially connected attenuator input coupled to the output one of the directional couplers and phase shifter output coupled to the second input of the adder, the microwave amplifier, peak detector and an indicator. The disadvantage of the use of the detector for the purpose of determining the location of people alive in the rubble is a low accuracy because of the low sensitivity to the signal of breathing and heartbeat at elevated noise level.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the accuracy of detecting a person due to the fact that the known detector is equipped with a modulator input coupled to the output of the adder, and the output to the input of RF amplifier; modulating generator; electrically controlled switch having an input connected to the output of the microwave amplifier control input to the output of the baseband generator and the first output is connected to the input of the amplitude detector; unit automatic compensation, the first input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude detector, a second input to the output of the modulation oscillator, the first and second outputs are connected, respectively, to control inputs of the attenuator and the phase shifter, the third output automatic compensation unit with the control of the modulator input, and a fourth output connected to entry display; phase detector unit, the LO input is connected to the output branches of the second directional coupler connected input to the output of the microwave generator, and the second branch off to the entrance of the first directional coupler; ^o phase shifter 90, whose input is connected to a second output electrically controlled switch and a first input of the phase detector, a second input coupled to an output of the phase shifter 90 to ^o; two synchronous detectors whose inputs are connected to respective outputs of the phase detector unit, and the clock inputs connected to the output of the modulating oscillator; two bandpass filters whose inputs are connected to respective outputs of the synchronous detectors; Quadrature processing unit having inputs connected to the outputs of the respective bandpass filters; integrator and counter input connected to the output of the quadrature signal processing unit, and outputs, respectively, to the inputs of the second and third indicator; fourth automatic compensation unit output is connected to second inputs of the counter and the integrator, and the power amplifier is a variable gain and connected to the input of the second output of the first branching directional coupler, circulator and output to the input.

And also due to the fact that the automatic compensation unit is designed as a two-threshold comparator module and automatic gain control inputs are combined and are the first input of the automatic compensation; gate, one input of which is connected to two-threshold comparator output and the second input is the second input of the automatic compensation; the counter having an input coupled to the output of the valve and connect the inputs to the outputs of the two counter-analog converters, and outputs the latter, the automatic gain control unit and a window comparator are respectively the first, second, third and fourth outputs of automatic compensation.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the microwave detector life	FIG. 2 a block diagram of the automatic compensation unit
FIG. 3, a step-and sawtooth voltage e generated at the outputs of DACs	FIG. 4-level filter solution

The detector includes a microwave generator 1; two directional coupler 2 and 3; 4, the power amplifier configured with a variable coefficient; a circulator 5, an antenna coupled to the output 6. The branch coupler unit 3 is connected to phase detectors, and output branching coupler 2 through the electrically controlled attenuator 7; an electrically controlled phase shifter 8 is connected to the input of an adder 9, whose input is connected to the output of the circulator, and output to an input of modulator 10, whose output is connected to the input 11 of the microwave amplifier. Block 12 automatic compensation is connected to the control input of the attenuator 7, the control input of the phase shifter 8 and the input of the modulator 10. An electrically controlled switch 13 (key) input coupled to the output 11 of the microwave amplifier. The modulation generator 14, amplitude detector 15, a phase shifter 16 to 90 ^o. Block 17 phase detector input connected to the output unit 13. The key 17 is connected to the synchronous detectors 18, 19, which through band pass filters 20, 21 are connected to corresponding inputs of the quadrature signal processor 22, which via an integrator 23 and counter 24 is connected to the inputs of the indicator 25 . automatic compensation unit 12 comprises a window comparator 26 having an input connected to the first input unit 12 and an automatic gain control unit 27, whose output is the first output of the comparator 12. The output 26 is connected to an input of gate 28 which is connected via a counter 29 to the inputs digital to analog converter 30, 31 whose outputs are the outputs of block 12.

Lie detector works as follows

Microwave generator 1 generates microwave radio, which through couplers 2 and 3, an amplifier 4, a circulator 5, an antenna 6 and are directed towards the dam, where the person is possible. Receiving antenna reflected signal consists of a baseband component generated due to the reflection from the dam, and modulated, produced by reflection from a living person. And this modulation occurs due to the movement of the human body organs in his breathing and heart activity. Unmodulated component of the received signal through the circulator and the adder 9 is input to a modulator 10 where it is compensated in phase and amplitude with the signal from the generator 1 through the coupler 3 via an attenuator 7, the phase shifter 8 and the adder 9 in the configuration, the attenuator 7 and the phase shifter 8. here also enters the modulated component, which is amplified in amplifier 11 and switched between a first and a second output 13 at a frequency F key given by the generator 14. the automatic compensation unit 12 is designed to provide a nominal level of the received signal, operates as follows. If the result of the change of the antenna position or when the instrument is switched modulated signal from the key 13 through the detector 15 to the first input unit 12 exceeds the upper threshold comparator 26, then its output to valve 28 enters opening voltage, causing pulses from the oscillator 14 are input to the counter 29. Simultaneously with the AGC module output to the modulator 10 receives the voltage limiting signal amplitude and thus preventing saturation of amplifier 11. since the binary outputs of the counter 29 are connected to the corresponding inputs on the category of the DAC 30 and DAC 31, at their outputs are formed stepwise sawtooth voltage (Fig. 3, a and b) is fed, respectively, to control inputs of the attenuator and the phase shifter 7 8. Thus there is a bust of the amplitude and phase values ​​of the compensating signal within specified limits and increments set by the bit counter. At some arbitrary point in the signal amplitude (Fig. 3f) falls below the lower threshold comparator 26 and the voltage produced at its output, a locking valve 28. The counter 29 stores the current status of the outputs and the DAC 30 and DAC 31 are stored voltage corresponding to the phase and amplitude of the compensation signal, which led to the nominal amplitude of the signal. Simultaneously with the AGC module 27 is supplied to the modulator voltage, providing the maximum gain of the signal and the output from the comparator 26, the voltage corresponding to the device ready for operation, and leading to the initial state of the counter 24 and an integrator 23.

Thus, the detector acquires the ability to work with a constant maximum sensitivity of the antenna independently of the load and the change to the remote antenna. This state is maintained as long as, as a result of any movement of the antenna, or its replacement, the detector output signal 15 exceeds the upper threshold comparator 26.

The signal output from the key 13 can be represented as

The first two members of the second factor of the formula (1) cancel each other as a result of the block 12 to a value which does not lead to saturation of the amplifier 11. After separation of S (t) of the signal in half, one half of the signal delays in phase by 90 in phase shifter 16 ^o, a balanced phase detecting unit 17 with a signal from a local oscillator coupler 3 two signals, synchronous detection of a control signal from the key generator 14, passing through the filters 20 and 21, squaring and summation in block 22, the resulting signal will have the form:

Where the resulting constant phase component of the signal reflected from the human subject phase oscillator signal,

d (t) modulate the function of the electromagnetic waves reflected from the human body with its vital functions, including amplitude and phase modulation.

From this formula it follows that the resulting signal amplitude does not depend on the phase And consequently, the distance between the antenna and man.

The signal r (t) output from the block 22 is supplied to the indicator 25 through the integrator 23 and the counter 24, which allows to evaluate the amplitude of the signal, accumulated over time, and the frequency of human breathing. person detection fact fixed by the output signal exceeding the predetermined integrator threshold corresponding noise device or an external device (a microprocessor or a spectrum analyzer) connected to the outputs of filter units 20, 21. In this case, it is possible to study the spectrum of respiration and pulse signal and diagnostic purposes.

Feature detector signal and operating conditions lead to the specific requirements of circuit solutions bandpass filters 20, 21. These filters solve the problem of clipping the constant component of the signal d (t) (the lower limit of the cutoff frequency of 0.05 Hz 0.015) and increasing the signal / noise ratio by limiting signal frequency bands at the top (upper cut-off frequency in the range of 1 4Hz). This should be provided by the temperature and temporal stability of its parameters, the minimum settling time at its output, vibration-free reaction to impulse action. FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the filter unit on the basis of the decision of the operational amplifier DA, resistors R1-R7, highly stable precision capacitors C1 and C2 small capacity. The ratios between the elements should be selected based on the transfer function:

K (p) = (1 + K) pT / [(1 + pT) (1 + KpT)]

where T is the filter time constant, which determines the lower cutoff frequency of the level;

K factor that determines the upper boundary frequency link;

p Laplace operator.

The advantage of the device is independent of the sensitivity of the position of the antenna relative to the dam, its composition and structure, and the distance to the person. An additional advantage is the possibility of using other specialized antennas, for example as a probe to be inserted through small openings in the cavities. Use of a power amplifier with variable gain detector expands functional capabilities for use as medical diagnostic agents contactless respiration and heart rate in the open space and through dielectric barrier with minimal exposure to microwave radiation.

CLAIM

1. The microwave detector life comprising a microwave generator, two directional coupler, a power amplifier, a circulator, an associated antenna adder, the first input coupled to the second output of the circulator, serially connected attenuator input coupled to the output of one of the directional couplers and the phase shifter output is connected a second adder input, a microwave amplifier, peak detector and an indicator, characterized in that it is provided with a modulator input connected to the output of the adder, and the output to the input of the microwave amplifier, the modulating generator, an electrically controlled switch having an input connected to the output of the microwave amplifier control input to the output of the modulation oscillator, and the first output to the input of the amplitude detector, the automatic compensation unit, the first input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude detector, the second input - to the output of the modulation oscillator, the first and second outputs connected respectively to the control inputs of the attenuator and the phase shifter, the third output automatic compensation unit to control the modulator input, and a fourth output connected to the input of the indicator block of phase detectors geteroidny input coupled to a branching output of the second directional coupler connected input to the output of the microwave generator and the second branch off the output to the input of the first directional coupler, a phase shifter for 90 ^o, the input of which is connected to the second output of the electrically controllable switch and the first input of the phase detector, a second input coupled to an output of the phase shifter 90 ^o, two synchronous detectors whose inputs are connected to respective outputs of block phase detector and clock inputs connected to the output modulating generator, two bandpass filters whose inputs are connected to the outputs of the respective synchronous detectors block quadrature signal processor having inputs connected to the outputs of the respective bandpass filters, integrator and counter input connected to the output unit of the quadrature signal processing, and output respectively to the second and third input display, the fourth output of the automatic compensation unit is connected to a second input of the counter and the integrator, and the power amplifier is a variable gain and connected to the second input of the output branches of the first directional coupler and output to the input of the circulator.

2. Detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic compensation unit is designed as a two-threshold comparator module and automatic gain control inputs of which are combined and the first input of the automatic compensation unit of the valve, one input coupled to an output two-threshold comparator and a second input the second input of the automatic compensation, the counter having an input connected to the output of the valve, and connected to the inputs to the output of the counter of two analog converters, as the latter exits the module the automatic gain control and a two-threshold comparator are respectively the first, second, third and fourth outputs of the automatic compensation unit.

print version
Publication date 23.11.2006gg

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