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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2114681
A METHOD FOR OBTAINING A SORPTION FILTRATION MATERIAL
AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Applicant's name: LYYa.Karpov Research Physico-Chemical Institute
The name of the inventor: Petryan-Sokolov IV; Borisov NB; Borisova L.I .; Churkin SL; Starostina IA; Polevov VN; Tsikalyuk G.A.
The name of the patent holder: LYYa.Karpov Research Physico-Chemical Institute
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.07.17
The invention is intended for obtaining sorption-filtering materials that capture aerosols, a pair of harmful substances (radioactive iodine, polonium, mercury, pesticides, etc.) from air and process gases. Through the fibrous material, air is blown and the sorbent is sprayed. When spraying a layer of material or an air stream, alternating pulsating vibration is applied. The device for carrying out the method comprises a fan, a spray chamber with a sprayer, a hopper with sorbent, auxiliary purification filters, a tape drive mechanism for pulling the fibrous billet through a spray chamber, a mechanical fiber bed vibrator or a pressure pulsator. The invention made it possible to obtain a material with a longer uniform layer of sorbent in the form of a long tape and to automate the technological process of producing the material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a technique for purifying gases from radioactive and highly toxic chemicals, in particular, to the production of sorption-filtering materials for trapping aerosols and vapors of harmful substances.
A method is known for preparing a filter for absorbing gases and aerosols from cellulose fibers and activated carbon in the form of cardboard, by injection molding [1], and a method for preparing an absorbent material by mixing active powder with viscose, mixing the mixture and treating it with viscous coagulant [2].
A disadvantage of the known methods is a large resistance to the flow of air passing through the material and the brittleness of the material.
The closest to the invention is the method and apparatus for manufacturing a sorption-filtering material [3], which is intended for spraying various finely divided sorbents onto the filtering material of the FP (Petryanova filter) in order to obtain the filter elements of the universal respirators of the "Lepestok" type.
A disadvantage of the known method and apparatus is that when applying finely divided sorbents by simply blowing air with the sorbent sprayed through the sorbent through the fibrous layer of the material, the sorbent particles are deposited on the fibers according to the law of filtration and are located in the fibrous layer exponentially depending on the layer thickness and penetrate weakly into Depth of the layer, which limits the amount of sorbent introduced into the fibrous layer and reduces the sorption capacity of the material being manufactured.
The invention makes it possible to increase the sorption properties of the material due to a deeper penetration of the fine fractions of the sorbent into the fibrous layer and the creation of an extended sorbent layer in it.
In a method for producing a sorption-filter material consisting in blowing air with a sorbent sprayed therein through a fibrous layer of a material according to the invention, blowing is performed by applying an alternating pulsating vibration created by a mechanical vibrator or air pulsator onto the material layer or the airflow, There is a redistribution of the deposited sorbent particles on the fibers and their penetration into the depth of the fibrous layer of the material. At the same time, the surface crust of the sorbent located on the frontal layer of the material is destroyed and creates additional resistance to the passing air flow during vapor sorption.
THE INVENTION IS IMPLEMENTED AS FOLLOWS:
In the process of applying a carbon sorbent with a particle size of less than 40 μm to a fibrous material FPP-70 at a speed of 10-50 cm / s, vibration is performed at a frequency of 1-30 Hz, an amplitude of 1-30 mm and a number of cycles (strokes) 10 - 30. The limits of vibration are selected in accordance with the data in Table. 1.
With the selected vibration limits in the fibrous layer, a deep penetration of the small particles of the sorbent into the fibrous layer of the material is achieved and an extended and uniform distribution of the sorbent along the depth of the layer is formed. This increases the contact of trapped vapors with the sorbent during operation of the material and increases its absorbing capacity and capacity. An increase in the frequency of vibration and amplitude beyond these limits is not advisable, since this does not have a significant effect on the distribution of the sorbent in the layer and only leads to an increase in its resistance to vapor sorption, which increases the energy input for fabricating the material and its use.
When a pressure pulsator is applied, the application of a coal sorbent with a particle size of less than 40 μm to a fibrous material FPP-70 located on a layer of bonded fibers at a speed of 20 to 45 cm / s produces vibration at a frequency of 5 to 30 Hz, at a ratio of the pulsation pressure to the pressure of the main Flow 1,5 - 30 and the number of cycles 20 - 150. The vibration limits are selected in accordance with the data in Table 2.
The chosen limits of pressure pulsation on the air flow with the sorbent sprayed in it are sufficient to create in the fibrous material an extended layer of sorbent to the entire depth of the layer, which substantially increases the sorption capacity of the material being manufactured. An increase in the frequency beyond these limits smooths the pulsation and reduces the pressure ratio, which leads to a deterioration in the distribution of the sorbent along the depth of the fibrous layer. An increase in the ratio of pressures beyond these limits increases energy consumption by vibration.
For the production of sorption-filtering material, a loose FPP-70 filter material (fiber diameter 7 μm) with a layer density of not more than 3% and a resistance of 0.3 mm of water was chosen as a fibrous material. Art. At a speed of passing air flow of 1 cm / s. This material showed the best result of adding sorbent to it.
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The device for obtaining a sorption-filtering material contains a sputtering chamber, a fan, a hopper, a sorbent sprayer and purification filters. The air is sucked in with the sorbent sprayed therein from below upwardly onto the moving fibrous billet blank due to vacuum in the upper part of the chamber while simultaneously applying shock vibration to the layer of fibrous material produced by the mechanical vibrator according to the scheme depicted in FIG. 1, or pulsating pressure on the flow of sucked air by means of a plunger compressor according to the scheme depicted in FIG.
The device allows to completely automate the process of preparation of the sorption-filtering material and make it in the form of a wide or narrow tape.
The preparation of a sorption-filtering material in the form of a roll of SFM-I in the apparatus depicted in FIG. 1, is carried out by sputtering the webs of FPP-70-0.3 filtering material with the air flow velocity of 10 cm / s of fine OU-A coal impregnated with silver nitrate when the pulsating mechanical vibration is applied at a frequency of 1-3 Hz, the amplitude 10 mm and the number of cycles 10-30.
The device for this consists of a spray chamber 1 with a sorbent atomizer 6, a tape drive with two reels 4 for winding the fibrous material 2, a medium pressure blower 3 for sucking air, a sorbent hopper 5, a sprayer 6 and a mechanical vibrator 10 located at the top of the sputtering Chamber 1, a and an auxiliary reel 7 with a covering fibrous material and a cleaning filter 8, a flow meter 8.
DEVICE WORKS AS FOLLOWING
The coils of the main fibrous and auxiliary covering material are loaded into the installation, the sorbent is poured into the hopper and fed to the sputtering chamber. Then include a tape drive mechanism, a fan and a mechanical vibrator. In this case, the sorbent is sprayed in the lower part of the chamber, it is sucked through the moving fibrous material and, under the influence of vibration, the filling of the fibrous layer with sorbent. At the exit from the spraying chamber, the sprayed fibrous material is covered with a fresh layer of auxiliary fibrous material and rolled onto a bobbin into a roll.
In this way, a sorption-filtering material of SFM-I with a sorbent content of 4-5 mg / cm 2 was obtained, which ensured the capture of aerosol and radioactive iodine vapor with an efficiency of over 90%. The material SFM-I is designed and used to determine the contamination of air with radioactive iodine.
The method and apparatus provide and produce narrow sorption-filtering tapes of the type SFL-2I-50 and SFL-P-50 for trapping and analyzing the content in air emissions of radioactive iodine and mercury, respectively. The sorbent is applied by blowing air with a finely divided sorbent sprayed through it through a moving fibrous tape from the FPP-70-0.3 material located on a layer of glued fibers at a speed of 20 cm / s. During the spraying of the sorbent, the vibration created by the plunger pressure pulsator 11 at a frequency of 12 Hz, the number of shocks 120 and the ratio of the pulsation pressure to the pressure of the main air flow through the fibrous material 2 are superimposed on the air flow.
The belt making machine consists of a tape drive, bobbins 4,7 with fibrous billet bars, a fan 3, a sputtering chamber 1, a hopper 5, a sorbent spray 6, purification filters 8 and a pressure pulsator 11, a flow meter 9. The device is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
The device works in the same way as the previous one, only the vibration is created by the plunger compressor 11.
With the help of the claimed device, an industrial production of sorption-filtering tapes with a sorbent content of 3-8 mg / cm 2 is carried out , which ensures the effective capture of vapors and aerosols of radioactive iodine and mercury.
Tapes of SFL-2I-5 and SFL-P-50 are designed and used in radiometers for sampling and determining the content of radioiodine and mercury respectively in air.
The use of the proposed method and devices for obtaining a sorption-filtering material made it possible to obtain a material with a longer uniform layer of sorbent, which provides an increase in the efficiency of sorption and the time of protective action by several percent.
In addition, the proposed method made it possible to obtain a sorption-filtering material not only in the form of separate blanks, but also in the form of a long tape, and fully automate the technological process of producing the material.
CLAIM
A method for producing a sorption-filtering material by blowing air with a finely divided sorbent sprayed therein through a fibrous material, characterized in that the spraying is performed by applying an alternating pulsating vibration generated by a mechanical vibrator or a pressure pulsator onto a material layer or an airflow.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vibration generated by the mechanical vibrator is performed at a frequency of 1 to 30 Hz, an amplitude of 1 to 30 mm and a number of cycles of 10 to 30.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration is performed by a pressure pulsator with a frequency of 5 to 30 Hz, a number of cycles of 20 to 150, and a ratio of the vibration pressure to the air flow pressure of 1.5 to 30.
4. A device for producing a sorption-filtering material, comprising a fan, a spraying chamber with a sprayer, a sorbent hopper and auxiliary cleaning filters, characterized in that it is provided with a tape drive mechanism for pulling the fibrous strip-billet through a spray chamber, but also with a mechanical vibrator of the fibrous layer Either by a pressure pulsator.
print version
Date of publication 09.12.2006гг
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