| Start of section
Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining |
Stealth Master
Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions |
Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section |
  |
| Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Technology market / Current inventions and models / Back / |
|
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2189769
STONE FOR JEWELERY
Applicant's name: WINTER CVD TECHNICIAN GMBH (DE)
The name of the inventor: WINTER Ernst Michael (DE); SHAFER Lothar (DE); Mathieu Torsten (DE)
The name of the patent holder: WINTER CVV TECHNICIAN GMBH (DE)
Address for correspondence: 191186, St. Petersburg, PO Box 230, "ARS-PATENT", Pat. To VM Rybakov
Date of commencement of the patent: 1998.09.23
The invention is intended for use in the jewelry industry. The artificial stone includes a carrier, preferably in the form of a plate, the upper surface of which has at least one depression of a pyramidal shape and carries a layer of a gemstone obtained by deposition from the gas phase. It is possible to obtain artificial stones not only with special optical properties, such as gloss and sparkle, but also with given dimensions of the upper surface.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to artificial stones for jewelry.
Stones for jewelry, in particular precious stones, before being fixed in a metal frame of a jewelry, are cut or polished to provide spectral decomposition and reflection of the incident light, whereby the brilliance and sparkling of precious stones are called (the so-called "fire"). However, it is assumed that there is a minimum value and purity of the gemstone. Thus, about two-thirds of the diamonds produced are not suitable for making jewelry stones by cutting, because either because of their too small size or depth, or because of their color or inclusions, they can only have industrial use (for technical purposes) .
The diamond gains sparkle and brilliance primarily due to the fact that most of the light penetrating the stone comes out of it in almost the same direction from where it came from. This is achieved by the fact that the light that enters the diamond crystal through the upper faces is reflected in the lower region of the diamond and can again exit through the upper faces. In this case, the light is reflected by at least two reflection steps at an angle of about 180 ° ± x ° . In this case, the arrangement of the angles of mutual inclination of the faces should be selected taking into account the optical properties of the diamond / air refraction planes so as not to exceed the angle of total reflection.
For the course of the rays in diamonds it is important that in the faces of the reflection, that is, in the lower part of the diamond, the angle of passage of the light rays is always greater than the angle of total reflection. This means that the light is reflected back up; On the other hand, the light must fall on the upper faces and the plate at such an angle that the reflected light can go out. Diamonds are not polished in such a way that the light is reflected back exactly in the direction of its fall (as is done for a cat's eye). On the contrary, there is a solution angle between the incident and outgoing beams, which creates reflections that fall within the field of view. The output angle due to the dispersion of different wavelengths is different.
For the brilliance of brilliants, the dispersion of light in a diamond is essential, resulting in the fact that the light decomposes both in the prism and is perceived by the eye in the form of spectral colors.
Another effect when considering a diamond is the set of reflections that are caught by the eye when the diamond is turned. This is an essential task that faces must fulfill.
Diamond layers obtained artificially by the chemical vapor deposition method are either too expensive or too thin to produce faceted jewelery stones, for example diamonds that have a sufficiently strong gloss justifying their high price. For gloss, it is important to observe the exact geometric shape so that as much as possible of the incident light is reflected in the direction of the fall.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The task to solve the invention is to create artificial stones for jewelry made of layers of precious stone, obtained on large planes by the method of deposition from the gas phase, and these artificial stones for jewelry, despite the insufficient size, that is, the limited capacities of these layers, acquire Attractive appearance.
According to the invention, a solution to this problem is achieved by creating a jewelry stone comprising a carrier (support) which is preferably in the form of a plate having at its upper surface at least one depression of a pyramidal shape and a gemstone bearing layer obtained by deposition from the gas phase, for example Chemical or physical precipitation.
In order to achieve a glittering of the layer of the gemstone and especially the diamond layer of the jewelry stone, according to the invention, its lower surface adjacent to the substrate, for example a silicon crystal plate, should be suitably constructed so that it can reflect most of the incident light like a natural diamond single crystal. This can be achieved by appropriate pretreatment of the upper surface of the silicon crystal plate on which the layer is applied. After said pretreatment, the silicon crystal plate acquires the necessary shape as a negative shape, so that the back or bottom side of the emerging diamond layer receives a corresponding positive shape. Materials such as noble metals, tungsten, molybdenum, or hard alloys that are good for the diamond coating and whose upper surfaces can be processed to form the appropriate structure are suitable as a carrier or substrate for such artificially formed diamond layers, in addition to silicon wafers. The treatment to obtain the desired surface structure of the support can be performed depending on the material either mechanically, for example, by making grooves to obtain a certain profile, or by electrolysis. The recesses of the pyramidal shape can be made, for example, by grinding or punching. The treatment to obtain the desired surface structure of the silicon wafers can be carried out by chemical or plasma methods by etching. Here, both isotropic and anisotropic methods can be used. As an anisotropic etchant, it is suitable, for example. CON. This base causes the formation of pyramidal notches of etching in a single crystal of the plate. Bearing layer of the precious stone of the carrier surface can be made curvilinear. When using an etching stencil, it is possible to obtain a pyramidal substrate structure and using an isotropic etchant. With the appropriate selection of etching techniques, it is possible to achieve the required angle at the top of the pyramid. If it is necessary to obtain a step-by-step reflection at an angle of about 180 o ± x o , as mentioned above, the angle of the pyramid must be appropriately chosen.
On the edges of the carrier layer of the gem, the angles of the pyramids may be different than in the middle part. However, it is also possible to process the reflecting surfaces (faces) on the underside of the layer to obtain different angles so as to achieve independent shine and fire. In this case, the angles of the faces must be chosen in such a way that the light is repeatedly reflected in the layer of the gemstone, thereby achieving a sharp separation of the spectral colors.
It is simplest to obtain identical angles on the entire surface of the carrier (substrate) by means of a single etching operation, forming, for example, an angle at the apex of the pyramids of about 109 ° . This angle is easily obtained by means of etching technology. Before etching, the upper surface of the carrier (substrate) can be laser treated to easily achieve the desired geometry.
Other orientations other than the crystalline plates (100) or (111) can be used. The main thing is to achieve interaction of the crystal orientation of the precious stone layer and the direction of the effect of traces of etching in order to obtain the optimum optical effect. In polycrystalline synthetic diamond layers obtained, for example, by a chemical vapor deposition method, in contrast to a diamond single crystal, there are still grain boundaries that, because of the refractive index deviation, should be taken into account as additional refraction zones. Because of this, the grain boundaries should preferably be oriented in their structure, for example, like a columnar crystal to obtain a gloss and glare effect. In any case, the influence of grain boundaries on the optical effect should be taken into account.
With a simple pyramidal form, the reflection of light can also be achieved by applying a mirror coating of gold or titanium on the back or bottom side of a gemstone obtained by deposition from the gas phase, and especially a chemically precipitated diamond stone. In this case, the reflection occurs simply due to the mirror reflection of the gold or titanium coating.
For the maximum possible approximation to the brilliance and fire of diamond monocrystals, the optimal form of the upper surface of the artificial diamond layer is the octagonal form, which is subsequently grounded. In this case, the angles on the underside must be consistent with the changed conditions for the exit of the light rays.
Such carriers (substrates), equipped with a layer of precious stone, obtained by the method of deposition from the gas phase, can be used as jewelery stones in any suitable way, for example, to be inserted into the metal frame of the jewelry.
The surface of the carrier adjacent to the bottom of the gem layer does not have to be flat, it can be, for example, convex to give the artificial stone a cabochon shape or a "button".
The invention makes it possible to obtain artificial stones for jewelry, in particular diamonds, not only with special optical properties such as gloss and fire, but also with given dimensions of the upper surface, for example, due to a multiple increase in the surface. Such stones for jewelry can not be made from natural mined stones or obtained by other methods of synthesis, in particular methods of high pressure and high temperature technology, for technical and economic reasons. Precious stones according to the invention can be made with their own pigmentation due to the composition of the gas phase (for example, blue with the addition of boron or yellow with the addition of nitrogen), which makes it possible to use it in any jewelry or in any jewelery with precious stones.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF THE DRAWINGS
An embodiment of a jewelry stone according to the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings in which:
 FIG. 1 schematically shows a side view of a layer of a precious stone in a stone for jewelry |
 FIG. 2 shows the node Y in Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale |
 FIG. 3 schematically represents the layer of the gemstone of FIG. 1 on top view |
 FIG. 4 schematically represents the layer of the gemstone of FIG. 1 on the bottom view |
 FIG. 5 schematically represents a view of a portion X in FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale |
|
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For the sake of simplicity and clarity, only the layer 1 of the gemstone without its substrate is shown in the drawings, which is mirror-shaped on the side adjacent to the layer 1. FIG.
Layer 1 of the gemstone has on its underside a plurality of elevations 2 of a pyramidal shape with an angle "A" at the apex, and on the upper side is provided with an octagonal facet.
The gem layer 1, faceted and firmly bonded to a carrier not represented herein, forms a jewelry stone in accordance with the invention, which can be inserted, for example, into a ring.
A carrier on which a layer of a precious stone is applied does not need to have the dimensions of the subsequently obtained gem. From the carrier with a large surface, covered with a layer of precious stone, the parts can be separated and processed or processed to obtain a stone for jewelry.
CLAIM
A jewelery stone, characterized in that it comprises a carrier which is preferably in the form of a plate having at its upper surface at least one depression of a pyramidal shape and which carries a layer of a gemstone obtained by deposition from the gas phase.
2. A stone for jewelry according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier is a silicon crystal plate.
3. A stone for jewelry according to claim 2, characterized in that the carrier is a crystal plate (100) or (111).
4. A stone for jewelry according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier is made of a noble metal.
5. A stone for jewelry according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier is made of a hard alloy.
6. A stone for jewelry according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier is made of a refractory metal, such as tungsten or molybdenum.
7. Stone for jewelry according to one of the paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the depressions of the pyramidal shape are made mechanically, for example, by grinding or stamping.
8. Stone for jewelry according to one of the paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the depressions of the pyramidal shape are made by etching.
9. A stone for jewelry according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angles at the apices of the depressions of the pyramidal shape of the carrier are different.
10. Stone for jewelry according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle at the apex of the depression of the pyramidal shape is about 109 ° .
11. A stone for jewelry according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grain boundaries of the layer of the gemstone are oriented like a columnar crystal.
12. A stone for jewelry according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mirror coating is applied to the recesses of the pyramidal shape.
13. A stone for jewelry according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper surface of the layer of the gemstone is cut.
14. A stone for jewelry according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gemstone layer is pigmented by the introduction of impurities.
15. A stone for jewelry according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting layer of the precious stone of the carrier surface is curvilinear.
print version
Date of publication 09.12.2006гг
Comments
When commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.