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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2240925
METHOD FOR PRODUCING decorative items made of natural amber
Applicant's Name: Closed Joint Stock Company "EnergoSpetsProm" (RU)
Name of the inventor: Kravtsov AA (RU); Polyakov IV (RU)
The name of the patentee: Closed Joint Stock Company "EnergoSpetsProm" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 121609, Moscow, Autumn Boulevard, 11, VIS, pat.pov. N.A.Triposhinoy
Starting date of the patent: 2003.04.02
A method of manufacturing decorative articles made of natural amber to improve product quality is that the compression of the heated feedstock in an evacuated mold is carried out while dropping the pressure and vacuuming discontinuation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the production of artistic and decorative and technical products and materials and souvenirs made of natural amber.
A method is known amber pressing carried out in an inert nitrogen atmosphere at 150-170 ° C with a force of longitudinal compression of 7-15 kg (AS USSR №1283106, The MKI 28 D 5/00, publ. 01.15.87). This method ensures that the high decorative properties of the original amber, but the anisotropy of the properties of amber products limits the scope of its application in terms of large-sized products pressing.
The closest to the proposed method is a method for manufacturing large-size products from the fine fraction of natural amber (RF patent №2191704, 44 MKI in C 5/06, publ. 27.10.2002). This method involves loading the feedstock ~ 10 mm in the mold sealed, heating to a temperature not higher than 140 ° C and at a pressing pressure increases smoothly from 0 to 100 atm with a holding force for a predetermined period of time. This method allows you to obtain products that retain the physical, chemical and aesthetic properties of natural amber cast. However, prolonged exposure to longitudinal compression pressure therein amber creates internal stresses which in turn can lead to cracks and even destruction products.
The proposed method can improve the quality of the obtained jewelry from natural Baltic amber by reducing the possibility of cracking. This ensures receipt of both small and large products.
Moreover, this method allows to adjust color and transparency of the products obtained, which greatly affects their artistic and decorative properties.
This result is achieved by the fabrication of ornamental articles made of natural amber carried out as follows: charged feedstock matrix sealed mold, the heated feedstock is pressed in an evacuated mold fixed volume of the cavity of the matrix while simultaneously dropping the pressure and stopping the evacuation and then mold is cooled.
Said technical result is achieved by the fact that the starting material and the mold is heated before loading into the matrix feedstock mold or loaded into the mold cavity, the feedstock is heated prior to pressing with a mold.
The feedstock is heated to a temperature of 110-130 ° C and the mold heated to 160-230 ° C, which allows to change the color of the finished product.
To control the transparency of the finished product amount of feedstock take less or more fixed volume of the matrix cavity.
The main difference between the proposed method from the existing products production methods from natural Baltic amber is the lack of longitudinal compression pressure after fixing the amount of the cavity of the matrix at the time of sintering.
In this method, the pressing mold is used with the mechanism of fixing the volume of the cavity of the matrix.
METHOD implemented as follows
As a raw material used fractions of natural amber of different sizes: large pieces of amber, amber pebbles, shards of amber, amber defective products, amber, Throws pressed (possibly adding recycled up to 15%). The feed may be different in size and transparency. The total amount of feedstock may vary slightly from the scope of the resulting article.
Raw materials are charged into the mold cavity. It is possible to separate a raw material and heating the mold, and joint. The feed may be pre-heated to 110-130 ° C. The mold is heated to 160-230 ° C. Feedstock can be heated together with the mold. In this case, the heating occurs in a muffle furnace in the mold. This uses the difference of thermal conductivity of the mold material and amber.
From amber temperature and mold it depends on the color of the finished product: from natural to dark cognac.
After reaching the operating temperature of the mold is set in a hydraulic press. The punch press under pressure, sufficient for destruction of amber, quickly lowered (for 30-40 sec) until it stops. During this process the mold vacuum. After complete closure of the mold and the degradation of the feedstock volume cavity mold cavity is fixed by fastening the punch mechanism engages. After fixing the amount of the cavity of the matrix completely reset press pressure and stops the process of evacuating the mold. Under the pressure of intermolecular bonds are broken in hot amber, and it turns into a heterogeneous mass. Succinic heated by weight is heated to temperature of the mold, expands and fills the cavity of the matrix volume. The sintering process occurs due to the reaction inside the material in a fixed volume of the matrix cavity. After cooling below 90 ° C the product can be extracted. Suitable natural cooling. With artificial cooling, the product can turn brittle.
In the claimed method the starting material is expanded at a fixed volume of the cavity when the degradation of the matrix in the temperature range of technological achievements. Unlike the prototype, is no gradual increase in pressure. Thus the possibility of internal stresses are much lower than with prolonged exposure longitudinal pressure press.
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Figure 1 shows one of the possible variants of the device for implementing the method in the initial state (the mold is placed in the press).
Figure 2 - the same device when the fixed volume of the cavity of the mold cavity.
1 - Press
2 - matrix mold
3 - raw materials (amber pebbles)
4 - hole for evacuation
5 - emphasis
6 - punch
7 - locking mechanism
8 - the forming die cavity
The method is implemented in the device as follows.
The heated feedstock 3, located in the matrix of the mold 2 is placed in the press 1 and rapidly under sufficient pressure to amber degradation, for example of the order of 50 tons, punch 6 is lowered is carried out simultaneously vacuum processing chamber for evacuating through an opening 4. After reaching punch 5 stops its fixed locking mechanism 7. In this fixed volume mold cavity 8. Simultaneously matrix depressurized and stop vacuuming. Kept in a fixed position until a temperature below 90 ° C.
The proposed method can further adjust the opacity and color of the resulting articles. Natural amber homogeneous in its density, which leads to its difference in transparency. More "transparent" fraction correspondingly more dense than "white" or "smoky". While individual fractions different in their transparency to subject degradation in a fixed volume of the cavity of the matrix equal to the volume of feedstock, giving thus a predetermined shape at the required minimum process temperature amber sintering, the material in the expansion process occupies the entire free volume of the cavity, filling all free void. After cooling the sintered amber for the most part keeps the original properties of transparency, ie, the density of the feedstock, but flow marks are observed.
If a fixed amount of molding die cavity smaller than the total volume of feedstock (not more than 15%), the resulting molded is more amber transparent, i.e. more dense.
Conversely, if a fixed volume of the cavity is greater than the volume of the matrix feedstock (not more than 10%), then appear amber transparent matte inclusions.
To define a fixed volume of the cavity previously calculated matrix, and the matrix volume of plunger, and then a fixed volume is determined. Knowing the average density of natural amber and determining the weight of the raw material, it is possible to determine the amount of feedstock. By changing the ratio of these volumes, you can change the transparency of the finished product.
CLAIM
1. A process for making decorative articles made of natural amber, comprising feeding the feedstock into the matrix of sealed molds, pressing the heated feedstock in an evacuated mold cavity volume fixation matrix while dropping the pressure and stopping the evacuation and subsequent cooling of the mold.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting raw material and the mold is heated before loading into the matrix feedstock mold.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that loaded in the mold cavity, the feedstock is heated prior to pressing with a mold.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 110-130 ° C.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the mold is heated to a temperature of 160-230 ° C.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the volume of the feedstock is less than the fixed volume of the matrix cavity.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the volume of the feedstock is less than the fixed volume of the cavity of the matrix is not more than 10%.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the volume of the feedstock over a fixed volume of the matrix cavity.
9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the volume of the feedstock over a fixed volume of the cavity of the matrix is not more than 15%.
print version
Publication date 09.12.2006gg
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