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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2191704
METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF LARGE-FORMAT PRODUCTS FROM SMALL
FRACTIONS OF NATURAL AMBER
Applicant's name: Limited Liability Company "Amber Orchid"
The name of the inventor: Chernokhatsky ON
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company "Amber Orchid"
Address for correspondence: 103735, Moscow, ul. Ilyinka, 5/2, OOO "Soyuzpatent", Pat. V.S.Tkachenko, registration number 0639
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.01.31
The method for manufacturing large-format products from the shallow fraction of natural amber provides for the preliminary selection of pieces of amber with a particle size of ~ 10 mm, the loading of raw materials into heated molds, heating it in molds without air access to a temperature of 140 ° C or more and pressing at pressures not More than 100 atm with subsequent cooling in natural conditions. This ensures the creation of products that would preserve the physical, chemical, aesthetic and healing properties of natural monolithic amber.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the manufacture of articles of natural materials and more particularly relates to a method for manufacturing large-format articles, in particular utensils, from a shallow fraction of natural amber.
Amber is a mineral of organic origin, which has been used almost exclusively since prehistoric times, as a material for making jewelry, objects of worship, decorative items.
At present, there is a growing interest in dishes made of natural amber, which is explained by the high artistic, aesthetic and certain medicinal properties of this mineral.
However, the satisfaction of growing demand is mainly hampered by the fact that in natural conditions rather large monolithic pieces of amber necessary for the production of dishes, cutlery and other decorative products are rare. It is known that only 15% of the amber produced is directly suitable for the manufacture of jewelry, the rest serves as a raw material for producing so-called pressed amber or is sent to the smelters for processing to technical products (succinic acid, oil, rosin, etc.).
At present, a method for manufacturing articles from amber is known, by gluing together with epoxy resins or other adhesives of small pieces or plates of amber, fitted to each other.
In addition, a method for manufacturing articles from pieces of natural amber is known, Trebic's method (Savkevich SS Yantar, -L .: Nedra, 1970) , where a pre-ground amber is placed in a cylindrical mold having small holes in the bottom And subjected it to pressing. Penetrating holes through the holes of softened amber fall into the inner cylinder and once again are compressed. The pressing is carried out at a heating temperature of up to 220 ° C. and a specific pressure of 2400-2700 atm.
Finally, a method for manufacturing large-format products from a fine fraction of natural amber is known from the same source-the Spiller method , which consists in pretreating the feedstock taking into account the required fineness of the fractions, in particular, cleaning pieces of amber from the oxidized crust and grinding practically Before the powder state, the prepared raw material is loaded into a flat steel mold with a tight fitting lid to ensure sealing, and then the mold is immersed in hot glycerin or paraffin. In this case, the amber raw material is heated up to a temperature of 220-250 o C and its softening. The amber that has been heated and softened in this way is pressed under a pressure of 400-500 atm and then cooled.
The methods described above make it possible to produce rods and plates of various sizes and shapes. However, when grinding the initial amber raw material at the preparation stage to the powder state, the natural infrastructure and amber color in the finished product are disrupted, resulting in loss of its aesthetic perception and unique identity. All known methods require significant labor and time, while the resulting finished products are characterized by insufficient strength.
The object of the invention is to create a method for manufacturing large-format products from a fine fraction of natural amber that does not require much labor for its implementation, and the products obtained in this way retain the physical, chemical, aesthetic and healing properties of natural monolithic amber.
The object of the invention is achieved in that in the method for manufacturing large-format articles from a fine fraction of natural amber, which consists in pre-preparing the raw material taking into account the required size of the fractions, the raw material is loaded into sealed molds, heated and pressed, followed by cooling, according to the invention At the stage of preliminary preparation, pieces of amber with a particle size of ~ 10 mm are selected, pre-heating of the molds is pre-heated before the raw material is loaded, the raw material is heated to a temperature of no more than 140 ° C and pressing is performed at a pressure of not more than 100 atm.
Preferably, the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 120 ° C.
Preferably, to facilitate the extraction of the product from the mold onto the inner surface of the latter, a gel layer is applied before the raw material is loaded.
It is advisable to make pressing under a smooth pressure change from 0 to 100 atm.
It is also desirable at the pretreatment stage to select fractions of a round, oval or lamellar shape, preferably white or cloudy.
To give the product a darker shade, it is possible to add amber dust or thermally processed amber to the molds.
It is advisable to cool naturally at ambient temperature.
In a preferred embodiment of the method, the articles are grinded and polished after being removed from the molds.
In the following, the invention will be explained with a description of preferred embodiments and a drawing which schematically shows a mold used in the process for manufacturing large pieces of fine natural amber according to the invention.
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The mold shown in this drawing for the manufacture of a glass comprises a cylindrical die 1, the configuration of the inner wall 2 of which defines the shape of the outer surface of the product to be made-a glass, and a punch 3 whose outer surface 4 is formed in the shape of the inner surface of this product. A cylindrical bottom insert 5 is provided in the lower part of the die 1. The method for manufacturing large-format products from a fine fraction of natural amber according to the invention is carried out in the following manner. For the production of large-format products, particularly dishes, natural natural amber (succinum), mainly produced by the Kaliningrad Amber Combine, is used. |
First, select the appropriate raw materials and carry out its preliminary preparation. In particular, a fraction of round and oval shape with a diameter of about 10 mm is selected, as well as plates having a thickness of up to 5 mm and dimensions of the order of 10 · 10 mm. In addition, the important role played by the color of raw materials - preferably selected from bone, foamy, bastard and white or cloudy. It is known that white color or amber clouds are due to the presence in the mineral mass of microscopic voids, mainly spherical and rarely ellipsoidal.
Then the selected raw material is subjected to treatment with a high pressure sand jet to remove the outer layer - the crust of oxidized succinite.
After that, the prepared raw materials are placed in metal containers, they are sealed and installed in a furnace for preheating the raw materials. Simultaneously, pre-cleaned molds are placed in the oven. The temperature of the furnace at this stage is maintained at 550 ° C and provides preheating of the molds and raw materials to 50-60 ° C. The use of a muffle furnace with a thermostat and a timer allows for uniform heating of the raw materials and molds and maintenance of the necessary temperature throughout the whole Production process.
Further, a thin layer of a gel, for example, a silicone grease for molds, is applied to the inner surface of the preheated mold, in particular to the inner surface 2 of the die 1, during the heat treatment TU 2389-016-455-18-510-99. Then pre-heated amber plates are placed in the mold cavity, which were selected in the pre-treatment stage in color and shape, depending on the final color of the finished product.
To impart a darker (cognac) shade, amber dust or previously thermally recycled amber is added to the molds.
Thereafter, the die 1 is closed sealed to exclude access to air oxygen and placed in an oven for subsequent heating. Heating is carried out to a temperature not exceeding 140 ° C., preferably up to 120 ° C. At this temperature, the necessary (minimum) plasticity of amber is already achieved, at least over the entire surface of the periphery of the plates, but its cloudiness does not yet disappear.
Further, a punch 3 is lowered into the preheated matrix 1 with amber plates, which has the same temperature as the matrix 1, the mold is placed in a press where it is subjected to a pressure which is preferably gradually increased from 0 to 100 atm. Pressing is carried out using a hydraulic press with a force of up to 25 tons with a manual drive to ensure a smooth change in pressure. In addition, the press must be equipped with a device to hold the specified force for a predetermined period of time. When the surplus of amber appears in the grooves provided for this in the mold, the pressure increase ceases. At the same time, the mold is gradually and slowly cooled at ambient temperature under natural conditions.
As a result of the processing described above, the amber plates are "sintered" to each other and take the mold configuration defined by the mold. The bonding (sintering) of the plates to each other occurs at the molecular level and only along their surface, while the depth (about 3 mm) of the interaction depends on the degree of heating and the features of the structure of the mineral.
The method according to the invention does not necessarily require the implementation of known analogous methods of grinding the feedstock to a powdered state, whereby the primary chemical and physical structure of amber is preserved in its original natural form, which gives the finished product a high aesthetic quality.
After the mold has cooled to a temperature of 30-40 ° C., the bottom insert 5 is pressed out of it, which in turn pushes the finished product.
To make the product even more attractive, it is processed on a grinding and polishing machine after being removed from the mold. For grinding, fine-grained paper and circles are used. For final polishing polishing circles from a cotton fabric on which put a polishing paste are used.
CLAIM
1. A method for manufacturing large-format products from a shallow fraction of natural amber, which involves preliminary preparation of raw materials taking into account the required fineness of fractions, loading of raw materials into sealed molds, heating and pressing followed by cooling, characterized in that at the stage of preliminary preparation, pieces of amber with a size Of the fraction ~ 10 mm, pre-heating of the molds is carried out before the raw material is loaded, the raw material is heated to a temperature of no more than 140 ° C and the pressing is carried out at a pressure of not more than 100 atm.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw material is heated to a temperature of 120 ° C.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a gel layer is applied to the inner surface of the mold before loading the raw material.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressing is carried out with a smooth pressure change from 0 to 100 atm.
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that fractions of a round, oval or plate form are selected.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that pieces of amber are selected from white or cloudy colors.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that amber dust or thermally processed amber is added to the molds to obtain a darker shade of the product.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cooling is carried out naturally at ambient temperature.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the products are removed from the molds after cooling and subjected to grinding and polishing.
print version
Date of publication 09.12.2006гг
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