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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2245940
METHOD OF DECORATION OF ARTICLES OF STAINED ENAMEL
Applicant's name: Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (TASU) (RU)
The name of the inventor: Romanov BP (RU); Aleutdinov A.D. (RU); Otmakhov V.I. (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (TGASU) (RU)
Address for correspondence: 634003, Tomsk, 3, pl. Salt, 2, TGAU, Patent Department
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.07.29
The invention relates to the field of artistic enameling, more specifically to the technology of stained-glass enamel production, and can find application in the field of manufacturing of small decorative products, souvenirs, and jewelry. The method involves enameling the holes in the metal frame and melting the enamel. The enamel is melted before filling the holes in the frame, while the holes are filled with enamel by pulling the enamel melt onto the metal frame. The invention allows the least labor-consuming and at the same time economical way to obtain high-quality decorative products in the stained-glass enameling area.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of artistic enameling, and more particularly to the field of technology for the production of stained-glass enamels, and can find application in the field of manufacturing small decorative items, souvenirs, jewelry.
From the field of artistic enameling is known the way of making small plastic from metal wire [E. Bregolol "Artistic enameling" / Trans. With him. I.V. Kuznetsova; Ed. LZ Zasukhina. - L .: Machine building, Leningrad. Otd, 1986 - p.112].
According to this method, a metal frame of a predetermined shape is made from a rod wound with a wire. Then it is covered with wet refractory enamel (slip), dried and fired in an oven. Then again apply a layer of enamel and re-burn. The process is repeated until the required thickness is reached. Decorative products made in this way do not chip, The resulting stresses in the metal-enamel system are minimal for twisted wire. However, this method is laborious, since it contains many operations for obtaining the final decorative article. In addition, it is required to strictly adhere to the slip application (wet enamel), drying and calcination. Non-observance of the modes leads to a decrease in the decorative qualities of the product. The implementation of decorative products takes a long time.
Known and the method of obtaining stained glass enamel [Technique of artistic enamel, chasing and forging: Proc. Allowance / AVV.Flerov, M.T.Demina, A.E. Elizarov, A.Shemanov - M .: Higher Education. Shk., 1986 - p.42-43]. On the problem being solved, this method is the closest and adopted for the prototype.
According to this method, a metal frame with apertures is provided. Between the frame and the firing tray, a mica or foil substrate is placed. Then put a thin layer of slip into the hole of the carcass, carefully dry it and immediately perform the firing (melt) of the enamel in the furnace at t = 640-680 ° C. After firing, fill the hole again flush with the carcass partitions, making sure that all the holes are fully tightened. Again, firing is carried out at a higher t = 700-740 ° C. At the same enamel must be completely melted. After that, the substrate is washed or ground.
This known method contains many operations that require clarity of their compliance, and is laborious. And the scope of this method is limited, since the diameter of the hole should not exceed 5 mm. With the increase in the size of the hole, there is a possibility of obtaining substandard decorative items (jewelry) and marriage. All operations require special purity, increased labor intensity for obtaining decorative products of high artistic expressiveness.
The problem of the invention is the least time-consuming and at the same time economical way to get high-quality decorative products in the stained-glass enameling area.
The problem is solved as follows: by analogy with the prototype fill the hole in the metal frame, produce the enamel melt, but unlike the prototype, the enamel melt is performed before filling the holes in the frame, and fill the holes by pulling the melt onto a metal frame, for example, wire. Moreover, fillings of the holes are carried out either by stretching the frame from the melt of the enamel, or by stretching the drop placed inside the framework. The enamel melt is produced by means of a focused light flux of a xenon lamp.
Thus, the claimed method differs from the prototype in that the enamel melt is carried out before filling the holes of the metal framework;
- the filling of the holes is done by pulling the enamel melt onto the metal frame;
- pulling the melt onto the frame is done by immersing the carcass in the melt of the enamel and then drawing it out of the melt;
- the filling of the carcass holes is also carried out by stretching a drop of molten enamel inside the frame;
- drawing of the enamel melt is carried out on a wire frame;
- the melt of the enamel is produced with the help of a focused light flux, for example a xenon lamp.
These differences confirm the novelty of the claimed method.
The melt enamel has a high surface tension and viscosity, which allows to apply the enamel on the metal frame.
Using a wire frame improves its wetting with enamel melt and increases adhesion.
It was experimentally established that when the carcass is pulled out of the enamel melt, a thin film forms, completely covering the aperture of the carcass.
Outside the outline of the carcass, when it is pulled out of the melt, excess enamel flows. The film quickly hardens, the product does not require additional drying and a finished decorative product is formed. When the droplet of molten enamel is stretched, a thin film forms, rapidly solidifying. Moreover, numerous experiments confirmed the high adhesion of enamel to metal and the high quality of decorative products: smooth surface, gloss. New decorative effects were obtained. If the compositions are traditionally obtained by adding various pigments, the claimed method allows the use of a uniform enamel. Moreover, experimental studies have shown that decorative products made of technical enamel, for example TK-17, have a high artistic expressiveness. (A technical enamel is cheaper than jewelry enamels). When melting the enamel TK-17 light ray, the effect of their staining with atypical colors was found. The change in the chemical composition of enamel samples, as studies have shown, is accompanied by the presence of complex processes associated with the crystallization and evaporation of the components.
Color effects have a quasi-vortex structure associated with the actions of the operator, the effect of the location of the focal spot in relation to the object of irradiation, and the time of irradiation.
In addition, several decorative products can be made from a single melt. This fact and the fact that in the manufacture of decorative products you can use technical enamel, and not just expensive jewelry, make the method economical.
Thus, the proposed method simplifies the procedure for decorating products: it includes only two operations - melt enamel, stretching it on the frame. It is less laborious, but it creates ample opportunities in obtaining decorative items with high artistic expressiveness.
From the state of the art, there have been no methods of decorating products using stained-glass enamel technique, according to which the holes would be filled with molten enamel. It is also not revealed that decorative products are obtained by stretching (or stretching a drop of enamel) from the carcass from the enamel melt.
In addition, the time of firing (melt) according to the claimed method is minimal, and the decorative properties, as shown by experiments, are high. Moreover, this method allows, as it was revealed, to receive decorative products of high quality not only from jewelry, but also from technical enamel. The above confirms the existence of an inventive step in the claimed method. He does not explicitly follow from the state of the art.
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Figures 1 and 2 show pictures of the jewelry made according to the claimed method.
METHOD REALIZES AS FOLLOWED
With the help of a thermal energy source, an enamel melt is produced. As an energy source, it is advisable to use the focused incoherent light flux of the xenon lamp DKSShRB-5000. The temperature is controlled by changing the direction, distance to the substrate with enamel, changing the current.
The product of the required shape (according to the master's creative plan) is immersed in the molten enamel. As it warms up, it is wetted by the melt. After wetting, the product is gently pulled out of the melt. A thin film forms, which quickly hardens. Depending on the required thickness of the product, the frame is drawn from the zone of the highest temperature (in the place of the focused light flux) or adjacent zones having a greater viscosity of the enamel.
It is also possible to perform other decorating of products. To do this, a frame is placed on the substrate, the enamel is placed inside the frame in an amount sufficient to fill the frame opening, the enamel melt is performed, and then it is stretched until the hole is completely filled. Stretching is carried out using refractory wire. Other devices are also possible for this operation.
CLAIM
1. A method for decorating articles with stained-glass enamel, comprising enameling the holes in the metal frame and melting the enamel, characterized in that the enamel is melted before filling the holes in the frame, and the holes are filled with enamel by pulling the enamel melt onto the metal frame.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a wire frame is used for its implementation.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enamel melt is stretched onto the carcass by immersing it in the melt of the enamel, followed by drawing from the melt.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enamel melt is stretched onto the carcass by stretching a melt drop placed inside the carcass.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the enamel is melted by means of a focused light flux
print version
Date of publication 09.12.2006гг
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