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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2185232
GRANULATOR. DEVICE FOR PRODUCING GRANULES FROM MELTS
Applicant's name: Joint-stock company of open type "Russian gems"
The name of the inventor: Shevelevich AL
The name of the patent holder: Joint-stock company of the open type "Russian gems"
Address for correspondence: 195112, St. Petersburg, Pl. K. Faberge, 8, AOOT "Russian Gems", Director General VO Bakharev
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.09.25
The invention relates to technology and equipment for granulation of melts and can be used in enterprises of jewelry and other industries that manufacture products by casting method for melted models made of thermoplastic wax-like substances. The granulator comprises a melter, a belt-cooled conveyor, a drip molder having a perforated bottom and a receiving shaft capable of forming a sliding pair with the inner surface of the drip-holder body. The shaft has a longitudinal groove containing a metering bar, the position of which is determined by the profile of a pair of eccentric cams rigidly fixed in the drip molding body. The changing position of the strip determines the progress of the melt to the perforated bottom of the casing and the melt entering the cooled conveyor belt, from which the finished pellets, which are frozen melt drops, enter the container. Formation of pure and homogeneous granules of given shapes and sizes from droplets of a melt of a wax-like substance is achieved.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to devices for the production of pellets from melts and can be used in enterprises of the jewelry and other industries that manufacture products by casting method for melted models made of thermoplastic wax-like substances.
The use of thermoplastic wax-like substances as model compositions for casting products from noble and non-ferrous metal alloys by melting models is associated with certain inconveniences - during crushing, loading into melting devices, volume-weight calculations and storage of such substances. Therefore, the most effective is the storage and use of thermoplastic, wax-like substances in the intermediate stages of production in the form of granules.
A granulator is known, comprising a metal body with fittings and nozzles. Through one of the nozzles the powdered material is loaded, through the nozzles - a binder, through the second union the finished granules are removed from the housing inside which the shaft with radially located rods rotates (1). This device can not be used as a granulator of thermoplastic wax-like substances, since it is intended for processing a mixture of a powdered material with a binder.
A device for granulating melts is known, comprising a perforated housing having a cone shape axially rigidly attached to a hollow shaft connected to a coolant supplying means sprayed by the deflector guide blades into the formation zone of the granules (2).
There is also known a centrifugal melting granulator having a perforated body, inside which there is a conical perforated tube through which a hollow shaft passes for the supply of gaseous refrigerant. The melt under pressure flows through the perforations of the pipe into the cavity between the pipe and the body. The same cavity, through the radial holes in the lower part of the shaft, receives a gaseous refrigerant, which is then removed through the top of the body (3). Compared with the analog (2), the composition and shape of the granules are improved. At the same time, analogues (2) and (3) have a common main drawback, which does not allow the use of these devices for the granulation of wax and the like substances - in the process of producing granules, the melt is contacted with liquid or gaseous refrigerant, and the necessary purity can not be achieved Melt and granules.
The synthetic resin granulator consisting of a resin melter, a brass belt conveyor cooled by water, a device for supplying liquid and gaseous refrigerants to the working zone and a six-high-speed forming machine is closest to the claimed invention in terms of essential features and industrial applicability. The resin from the melter at a temperature of 125-130 o C is fed to the brass conveyor belt where it spreads across the width of the strip with a layer 4-6 mm thick and cooled to 85-90 ° C. The resin mass enters the gap of the upper pair of rolls and is averaged over a thickness of up to 5 Mm, and longitudinal and transverse grooves are cut in the gap of the second and third pairs of rolls on the resin melt tape. Next, the resin in the form of a molded strip is again fed to the conveyor and cooled to 25 ° -30 ° C. with cold air. When removed from the conveyor belt, the frozen resin is divided into individual 5 × 5 × 5 mm granules (4).
One of the important features of thermoplastic wax-like substances used as model compositions is a relatively narrow interval of transition temperatures from one state to another. Thus, the melting point of such substances is 90-100 ° C; The dropping point is 80-86 o C, the pour point is 40-50 o С.
Therefore, it is obvious that it is most economical and efficient to obtain granules of substances such as model compositions from gradually solidifying melt drops.
Granulator - the closest analog provides granules, as mentioned above, from the melt cooled during processing, and the formation of granules is then performed using a forming six-roll machine by applying longitudinal and transverse grooves on the cooled melt and dividing the resulting tape with the applied grooves into granules of a certain Size. The design of the forming unit in the form of rolls with gaps can not ensure the formation of granules from melts of wax-like substances, based on the physical properties of these substances. The design of the granulator - the nearest analog does not guarantee the melt from clogging, from atmospheric and other contaminants, not ensuring its purity. The separation of the melt into granules by mechanical means can lead to damage to the conveyor belt.
The aim of the claimed invention is to propose a granulator design for melts of thermoplastic waxlike substances such as model compositions, which ensures the formation of pure granules of uniform shapes and sizes from melt drops.
The aim is achieved due to the fact that in the pelletizing system including the melter, the conveyor belt, the melt cooling means and the conveyor belt and the pellet forming system, a drop forming device is included in the pelletizing system, the metal body of which has a perforated bottom and accommodates a shaft capable of forming with an inner The body of the body is a sliding pair, and in the longitudinal through hole of the shaft associated with the rotation drive, a melt dosing plank is connected to a pair of master cams fixed rigidly in the body at both ends of the shaft, the longitudinal axes of the shaft and the conveyor belt being disposed in mutually perpendicular planes .
The technical result of the invention is to achieve the stated goal: a structure of a granulator of melts of thermoplastic waxlike substances, such as model compositions, is proposed, which ensures the formation of pure and homogeneous granules of given shapes and sizes from droplets of melt coming from the melter into the cavity of the dropping agent, and from there, under the pressure of the dosing Slats and own weight - through the perforations in the bottom of the body - on the cooled belt of the conveyor, where the droplets, solidifying, turn into granules.
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The disclosed essence of the claimed invention is explained by the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows the kinematic scheme of the claimed granulator; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a drip former in axonometric projection; FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the drip-holder body formed by a plane AA, perpendicular to the axis of the body and shaft. |
The granulator consists of a melter 1 connected to a dripper 2, the metal body 3 of which accommodates a shaft 4 having a through longitudinal groove 5 in which the melt dosing strip 6 is placed, the possible movement of which is limited by the internal profile of a pair of master eccentric cams 7 fixedly mounted in the body 3 At both ends of the shaft 4. The bottom of the body 3 of the drip-former 2 is perforated and the shaft 4 is provided with a rotation drive 8. The other drive 9 is connected to the belt conveyor 10. The dripper 2 has a heating means 11 capable of preventing premature cooling of the melt and the conveyor 10 has a cooling means 12 tapes and melt, and - reflectors 13 for the discharge of the formed granules into containers 14. Cooling means 12 - insulated containers with a cold liquid (for example, water).
The granulator works as follows. From the melter 1, the melt enters the cavity of the body 3 of the dripper 2. With the drive 8 (motor) of the shaft 4 turned on, the latter is driven into rotation, with the shaft 4 and the inner surface of the body 3 of the drip-former 2 beginning to function as a sliding pair, and the heater 11 prevents the incoming melt from premature cooling . The rotation of the shaft 4 causes the metering plate 6 to move in accordance with the configuration of the drive eccentric cams 7 whose internal profile is calculated in such a way that the moment of the vertical position of the bar 6 coincides with its lowest position in the formation of the dripper.
As a result, the plank 6 presses the melt in the form of droplets through the perforations of the bottom of the body 3 of the drip-former 2 onto the moving belt of the conveyor 10. The melt drops of the wax-like substance, falling from the height (regulated by the position of the conveyor belt) onto the tape cooled by the means 12, are transformed into granules, the final shaping of which Occurs at the time of their descent from the tape, have time to freeze and get the necessary shape, size and rigidity.
The ratio of the parameters of the obtained pellets, the speed of the conveyor belt and the adjustable drop height is chosen experimentally and can be changed within acceptable limits, for example, by using a set of interchangeable metering bars of various sizes.
The novelty of the claimed invention follows from the content of its essence. The design of the pelletizer allows to assert about its conformity to the criterion of the inventive level (for example - the presence and design of the drip-forming unit). The requirements of the criterion of industrial applicability are met, since the device and the process performed with its help are feasible and are suitable for repeated reproducing in the shop or section of any industrial enterprise that produces jewelry or similar products by investment casting method.
INFORMATION SOURCES
1. A.S. USSR 1576189, IPC: 5 In 01 J 2/10, B.I. 25, 1990.
2. A.S. USSR 1331582, IPC: 5 In 01 J 2/02, B.I. 31, 1987.
3. A.S. USSR 1412800, IPC: 5 In 01 J 2/02, BI. 28, 1988.
4. Klassen PV, Grishaev IG, Shomin IP Granulation. M., "Chemistry", 1991, p. 223 (lines 3-11).
CLAIM
A granulator comprising a melter, a belt conveyor, a melt cooling means and a conveyor belt and a pellet forming system, characterized in that, in its structure, a drop forming device is included in the pelletizing system, the metal body of which has a perforated bottom and accommodates a shaft capable of forming with the inner surface of the housing a sliding Pair, and in the longitudinal through slot of the shaft associated with the rotation drive, a melt dosing plank is associated with a pair of eccentric cams fixed in the body at both ends of the shaft, the longitudinal axes of the shaft and the belt conveyor being arranged in mutually perpendicular planes.
print version
Date of publication 09.12.2006гг
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