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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2201517
The engine of external heating with increased efficiency
Applicant's name: Zolotarev Boris Viktorovich; Kulev Sergey Leonidovich
The name of the inventor: Zolotarev Boris Viktorovich; Kulev Sergey Leonidovich
The name of the patent holder: Zolotarev Boris Viktorovich; Kulev Sergey Leonidovich
Address for correspondence: 443029, Samara, ul. Solar, 33-105, BV Zolotarev
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.06.15
The invention relates to engine building and allows to increase the efficiency of Stirling engines by completely eliminating leaks through the pistons of working pistons with absolute hermetic sealing of the cylinders and the engine. The external heating engine comprises at least one cylinder with a heater, a regenerator, a cooler and their connecting lines, a working and displacing pistons and a mechanism for converting translational motion into rotary. Each cylinder is mounted with the ability to translate within a magnet or an electromagnet and is associated with a mechanism for converting translational motion into rotational motion. Each cylinder is installed in the guides, and the mains are equipped with bellows. On one axis with the crankshaft a generator is installed, connected by power cables with electromagnets.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to engine building and is intended for use in Stirling engines.
The engine of external heating is known by a.s. USSR 855241 , the applicant Kuibyshev Aviation Institute. The external heating engine contains a pair of double-walled cylinders, the inner shells of which are made in the form of bellows, and the outer ones in the form of cylindrical shells with branch pipes for supply and removal of the working fluid. The use of bellows partially solves the problem of sealing the working fluid, but they are not durable enough. Given that the engine has the greater efficiency, the higher the pressure and temperature of the working fluid, then with increasing these parameters, the life of the bellows sharply decreases. The proposed engine can only operate at low efficiency and for a limited period of time. After the destruction of the bellows, the cost of its repair is commensurate with the cost of manufacturing a new engine.
The engine with an external supply of heat according to AS is known. USSR 1275104 , in which the working and displacing pistons are located in different cylinders. Disadvantage: the need to seal the rods of both pistons. In connection with the fact that no seals do not provide an absolute hermetic sealing, a long-term operation will result in leakage of an expensive working fluid. It is necessary to constantly replenish the engine cylinders with a working fluid. This makes the engine uncomfortable in operation and reduces its efficiency.
The engine of external heating is known by a.s. USSR 850884 (prototype) , containing at least one cylinder, heater, regenerator, refrigerator, connecting their mains, working and test pistons and the mechanism for converting translational motion into rotary, for example crankshaft. This engine requires sealing on the piston rods to prevent leaks of the working fluid into the crankcase of the engine and the atmosphere. At high pressures and temperatures this is quite problematic.
The objectives of the invention are to increase the efficiency of the engine by completely eliminating the leaks of the working fluid.
This object is achieved due to the fact that in an external heating engine comprising at least one cylinder, a heater, a regenerator, a cooler connecting their lines, a working and displacing pistons and a mechanism for converting translational motion into rotational one, each cylinder is movable, installed Inside a magnet or an electromagnet and is connected to a mechanism for converting translational motion into rotary motion. A variant is possible when the working and displacing pistons are made as one unit (combined piston).
All cylinders are completely hermetic and installed in the guides. Preferably, the mechanism for converting translational motion into rotary motion is in the form of a crankshaft.
In the line connecting the heater, regenerator and refrigerator, bellows can be installed.
The electromagnet can be powered by electricity from a generator mounted on the same axis as the crankshaft.
The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a single-cylinder engine,
FIG. 2 - three-cylinder engine
The external heating engine ( FIG. 1 ) comprises a cylinder 1, a heater 2, a regenerator 3, a cooler 4, connecting lines 5, a working piston 6, a displacement piston 7, a conversion mechanism for translational motion into a rotary (crankshaft) 8, a magnet or an electromagnet 9, Cylinder 10.
In Fig. 2 shows a variant of a three-cylinder engine containing additional bellows 11 in the connection lines 5 and a generator 12 connected by power cables 13 to the electromagnets 9. In addition, instead of the working and displacing pistons 6 and 7, one universal piston 14 (for each cylinder) is used.
The external heating motor operates as follows ( Figure 1 ).
When heat is applied to the heater 2, the hot working medium pushes the cylinder 1 upwards, The working piston 6 is held in place by a magnet (electromagnet) 9. After displacement of the working body from the cold cavity to the hot massive expelling piston 7, it closes the channels of the connecting line 5 and cuts off the access of the working medium to the refrigerator 4. Further, the displacement piston 7 moves with the cylinder for a time 1 upwards and compresses the working body located between the working 6 and the displacing 7 pistons. Cylinder 1 reaches its top dead center TDC and starts to go down, and the massive displacing piston 7 continues to move upward and compresses the working body, in which reactive energy accumulates. The working piston 6 goes in a relative upward motion (in fact it is standing) and reaches the bottom dead center of the HMT cylinder. In this case, it displaces the working fluid from the hot cavity through the heater 2, the regenerator 3 and the cooler 4 into the cold (lower) cavity of the cylinder 1.
Then, the displacement piston 7 moves in relative motion (relative to the cylinder) downward.
Then the cycle repeats.
The engine ( Figure 2 ) works similarly, but the cycles of each cylinder are shifted by 120 degrees . The bellows 11 do not allow the heater 2, the regenerator 3 and the cooler 4 to be moved together with the cylinder 1. The generator 12 feeds the electromagnets through the power cables 9. In addition, as already noted, instead of the working and displacement pistons 6 and 7, a universal piston 14 is used.
In the proposed design (in all variants), the cylinders are absolutely hermetic, thus preventing leakage of the working fluid and increasing the efficiency of the engine . There is no need to make up the working medium, that is, the engine is simplified in operation and can be operated for years without the attendance of maintenance personnel.
The claimed engine can be made with a load on the crankshaft, and not on a system of gears, connecting rods and levers, as was always done. And this is the heart for the car engine!
Theoretically, the calculated efficiency almost doubles the efficiency of the ICE . The design can be done compactly, which is the most important condition for its installation on a motor vehicle. Experimental models of Stirling engines of leading foreign firms, although they are efficient, but they occupy all the engine compartment under the engine compartment of a passenger car and twice as heavy as an ICE.
It is also promising to use the engine to produce electricity in remote areas when working on local raw materials or as stand-by stations in hospitals, radio and television centers, airports and military facilities.
The proposed scheme allows to increase the power and speed of rotation of the crankshaft, the reliability of the engine by reducing the temperature gradient along the length of the cylinder and the working piston, reducing leakage through the seals between the pistons and cylinder cavities and completely eliminating external leaks of the working fluid.
The new design provides damping shock loads.
The main advantage of the developed design is a high efficiency. Increase in efficiency, in turn, reduces the emission of toxic products (nitrogen oxides and carbon) per unit of power. The engine is able to work at low compression ratios, creates less noise and vibrations, is easier to operate and produce, is fire and explosion-proof, has a huge, almost limitless service life.
The author claims innumerable variants of constructive execution of the engine both in the number of cylinders and in the structure in the volume of 5 points of the claims.
It is possible, for example, to install the heater, regenerator and refrigerator rigidly on the cylinder. The variant of stationary placement of the heater, regenerator and refrigerator on the base of the engine is also worked out (the base is not shown) and application of the connection of these units with the cylinder with the help of bellows.
There are different options when using permanent magnets or electromagnets in engines. In the first variant the engine will be more compact, but very strong magnets are necessary.
Depending on the purpose of the engine can be manufactured or very small in size, for example for toys and models, or very large: for ships, submarines and thermal power plants. It is possible to create DVN with pistons a few meters in diameter. ICE with such dimensions in principle can not be created, since the combustion process in them is explosive and accompanied by shock loads. In engines of external heating, heat is slowly supplied and the process of its supply is easily regulated. The combustion process, regardless of the engine operating mode, can be carried out in the optimum in terms of combustion completeness. This will require the complication of fuel injectors and the use of computers to control the ratio of fuel and air consumption, but in modern conditions it is technically feasible.
One of the variants of the engine can work without fuel, for example, on the energy of the sun's rays or on the difference in temperature on the water surface and in the depth of the reservoir. And this - free energy, and obtained as a result of environmentally friendly processes.
The most interesting is the use of "Stirling" for generating electricity, that is, as a motor generator.
I would like to note that in this case the engine is structurally simpler than the diesel generator.
CLAIM
An external heating engine comprising at least one cylinder with a heater, a recuperator, a cooler with connecting lines, a working and displacing pistons installed within the cylinder, and a mechanism for converting translational motion into rotary, characterized in that each cylinder is sealed, with the possibility Translational movement, is installed inside magnets or electromagnets and is associated with a mechanism for converting translational motion into rotational motion.
The external heating engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working and displacing pistons are rigidly connected or combined into one.
The external heating engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting lines of each cylinder are equipped with bellows, and each cylinder is installed in the guides.
The external heating engine according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the mechanism for converting translational motion into rotational motion is in the form of a crankshaft.
The external heating engine according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, characterized in that on one axis with the crankshaft a generator is mounted, which is connected to the electromagnets by power cables.
print version
Date of publication 06.11.2006гг
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