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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2200875
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE BOGDANOVA FOR THE CREATION OF THE THRUST
ON NEW PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES

Applicant's name: Bogdanov Igor Glebovich
The name of the inventor: Bogdanov Igor Glebovich
The name of the patent holder: Bogdanov Igor Glebovich
Address for correspondence: 111402, Moscow, ul. Old Guy, 6, building 1, ap.151, IG. Bogdanov

The surface of the screen, facing the device of rotation, made of metal and polished, reflects the radiation of Bogdanov's radiation incident on the inner surface of the screen from the side of the ring. The radiation from the lateral surface that emerges from the lateral surface of the main ring and from the dielectric waveguides moves toward the reflector of the radiation of the lateral surface 33 made in the screen around the side surfaces of the main ring opposite the structures and opposite the ends with the outputs of the dielectric waveguides. Radiation of the lateral surface is directed by the reflector of the radiation of the lateral surface downward from the main ring of the rotor. After this, one of two options for creating thrust occurs. Depending on the position of the reflectors of the radiation from the end surface, the radiation from the lateral surface is either reflected by the reflectors of radiation from the end surface on the side windows, emerges through them and creates a horizontal thrust, or the radiation from the side surface is directed directly to the lower windows, leaves them and creates a vertical draft.

Depending on the direction of the thrust vector generated by the engine, the side, top and bottom windows are covered in different ways with lids. When creating horizontal traction, the upper and lower windows are closed with lids, the side windows are opened with lids. When creating vertical traction, the side windows are closed with lids, the upper and lower windows are open with lids.

It is possible to create a combined thrust when the resulting thrust vector is directed at an angle to the vertical, while the angle is indirect. In this case, the end-face radiation reflectors are inclined at an acute angle to the vertical. At the same time, part of the radiation past them passes to the upper and lower windows, and part of the radiation is reflected from the reflectors and is directed to the side windows. The covers in this case open a portion of the surface area of the side windows, part of the surface area of the lower windows and a portion of the surface area of the upper windows. Changing the angle of inclination of the reflectors of the radiation from the end surface, increasing and decreasing the areas of open areas of the window surfaces open by covers, opening and closing the windows with covers, one can change the direction and amplitude of the thrust vector.

Now we are considering the motion in the atmosphere. When moving in the atmosphere, the windows are made of a transparent dielectric with a high melting point, for example, from refractory quartz glass. Inside the area, bounded by a screen and windows, a vacuum is created. Vacuum, for example, can be created by vacuum pumps or stored after the return of the traction system with the engine from outer space. The windows are made sufficiently thick and strong to withstand the pressure difference between the atmosphere and the vacuum of the vacuum chamber. When moving in open space, in outer space or in the upper extremely sparse layers of the atmosphere, windows from windows can be removed. In this case, since there is no substance in the window that is specially connected to the screen, the window is empty inside, the radiation pushes out the radiation of the radiation from the window region and further along the radiation beam, the substance of the environment, for example, air matter, atmospheric gas matter or matter of the cosmic medium.

When moving in the atmosphere, Bogdanov's radiation exerts pressure on any substance in the path of radiation propagation by the radiation scattering force. A portion of the radiation propagates above the main ring in the upward direction through the upper screens 36, 37 that are arranged in the screen. This radiation presses the radiation scattering force onto the gas of the atmosphere above the windows and throws it upwards, freeing up space to lift the aircraft up.

A part of the radiation propagates under the main ring in the downward direction through the lower screens 38, 39 that are made in the screen. This radiation presses the radiation scattering force onto the atmosphere gas located under the windows and throws it downward. The area of the opened upper windows is smaller than the area of the opening lower windows, so the radiation flux through the upper windows is less than the radiation flux through the lower windows. The radiation scattering forces acting on a set of engine elements located inside the engine (screen, reflectors, covers, main ring) give the vector sum of the radiation scattering forces, which is a superposition of the radiation scattering forces acting on the motor . This superposition is approximately proportional to the product of the radiation density between the main rotor ring and the windows by the difference in the areas of the open upper and lower open windows. This value is the photon thrust when moving in the atmosphere.

Connected to the screen, the conductive covers 40, 41, 42, 43 are moved by the lid moving devices relative to the window so that the lids open or close the windows. At the same time, the lids thus close or open the passage through the window of electromagnetic radiation or change the window area for passage of the radiation passing through the window created by the rotating ring. Covers open on the upper windows less open area than on the lower windows. Thus, the radiation flux through the lower windows is done more than the radiation flux through the upper windows. This results in the resultant photon thrust acting on the aircraft in the upward direction is larger and therefore the aircraft rises upward.

When a vertical thrust is created by the propulsion system, the end-face radiation reflectors 17, 30, 31, 32 are installed perpendicular to the plane of the ring. And they can be further removed from the window. This is done so that the reflectors at this time do not participate in the creation of vertical traction.

When creating a horizontal thrust, the deflector rotation devices 74, 75 connected to the screen rotate the reflectors relative to the ring and change the angle of inclination of the reflector relative to the plane of the ring so that the reflectors stand in the path of the Bogdanov radiation emitted from the windows of the screen and the angle of inclination of the plane of the reflector To the plane of the ring would be approximately 45 degrees. After that, Bogdanov's radiation reflects off the reflectors and spreads along the plane of the ring, creating a horizontal photon thrust. This is the horizontal thrust of radiation from the end surface of the main ring. When creating a horizontal thrust in the atmosphere in the engine, not only the side windows 13, 15, 16, 35 located at the rear of the engine open as in a vacuum movement, but also the side windows located at the front of the engine 24, 25, 26, 34.

When the aircraft is moving in the atmosphere, two rays of Bogdanov radiation are formed. Front beam and back beam. The front beam has a significantly lower radiation flux than the rear beam. The front beam pushes the flow of the external medium, incident on the front of the aircraft during the movement, for example, the gas stream of the atmosphere, by the radiation scattering force. Thus, it is possible to significantly reduce the resistance force of the medium. The rear beam has a much higher power and propagates in the opposite direction, in the direction opposite to the movement of the ship. The vector difference between the pressure force on the reflectors of the radiation of the back and forward radiation fluxes is the horizontal photon thrust of the engine.

The radiation from the lateral surface that emerges from the lateral surface of the main ring and from the dielectric waveguides moves toward the reflector of the radiation of the lateral surface 33 made in the screen around the side surfaces of the main ring opposite the structures and opposite the ends with the outputs of the dielectric waveguides. The radiation from the lateral surface is directed by the reflector of the radiation from the lateral surface downward from the rotor. After this, one of two options for creating thrust occurs. Depending on the position of the reflectors of the radiation from the end surface, the radiation from the lateral surface is either reflected by the reflectors of radiation from the end surface on the side windows, emerges through them and creates a horizontal thrust, or the radiation from the side surface is directed directly to the lower windows, leaves them and creates a vertical draft.

When the aircraft is moving, two rays of Bogdanov radiation are formed. Front beam and back beam. The front beam has a significantly lower radiation flux than the rear beam. The front beam pushes the flow of the external medium, such as the atmosphere gas, from the front of the aircraft to the aircraft during the motion, by the radiation scattering force. Thus, it is possible to significantly reduce the resistance force of the medium. The rear beam has a much higher power and propagates in the opposite direction, in the direction opposite to the movement of the ship. The vector difference between the pressure force on the reflectors of the radiation of the back and forward radiation fluxes is the horizontal photon thrust of the torsion motor. This is the horizontal photon thrust of the lateral radiation of the main ring.

The screen together with the rotation device, the reflectors and the main ring are held in a certain position with respect to the vertical suspension 52 connected to the rotation device, with the camera, with the screen and with the main ring. The suspension can be made in the form of a cardan suspension. Cardanic suspension allows the main ring to rotate freely when the angle of inclination of the main ring changes with respect to the vertical, which coincides with the direction to the center of the planet. The suspension is necessary at a time when the traction system with the Bogdanov engine is on the surface of the planet, for example, on the surface of the Earth.

The inner ring of the suspension 53 and the outer ring of the suspension 54 rotate one inside the other, with the inner hanger ring rotating inside the outer ring of the base of the suspension around the screen, around the rotation device and around the main ring. In this case, the suspension engines 55, 56 mount the suspension rings in various positions.

In the first position during flight in vacuum, the suspension rings are set so that their planes are parallel to the plane of the main ring, and the axes coincide with the axis of the ring.

The outer ring of the suspension can be connected to the wing of the aircraft. The wing can be made in the form of a flat ring and combined with a ring of the base of the suspension. In the second position, the wing of the aircraft changes its inclination with respect to the plane of the planet's surface, depending on the flight situation and creates the most optimal lift for the movement of the apparatus.

Four telescopic legs 57, 58, attached to the base ring of the suspension, keep the traction system in a standing upright position during launch and during landing, as well as while on the surface of the planet.

Four telescopic legs change their length depending on the terrain of the planet where the landing is made. If a part of the legs is on the dais and a part in the hollow, then the legs are shortened at the elevation, and the legs are lengthened on the hollows. When landing, the suspension engines install an external suspension ring parallel to the surface of the planet. Telescopic legs at the same time stretch, rest against the ground of the planet and hold on the weight of the outer ring suspension and the entire aircraft. During the flight, the legs either retract into the rings of the base of the suspension or are pressed against it. The inner and outer rings of the cardan suspension in all cases rotate relative to each other so that the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation of the main ring with respect to the fixed coordinate system remains unchanged.

The main ring rotates around the axis of symmetry of the chamber with a cavity inside which the crew accommodation is made. At the same time, there is a crew in the crew quarters. From this room, the engine and aircraft are controlled.

The engine creates additional traction on new physical principles as follows. The moving bodies of the material body 59, 60 move the material bodies relative to the magnets 61, 62. Magnets are made on the surfaces of suspension rings covered with ferromagnetic material. The power supply system supplies power to the magnetization system. The magnetization system 63 creates electrical currents near the ferromagnetic materials of the rings. Electric currents create magnetic fields. The magnetic fields additionally magnetize the ferromagnetic materials of the suspension rings. The surfaces of the suspension rings with magnets are additionally magnetized, and the magnetic field of the magnets is further amplified. Within the hollow rings of the suspension, moving material bodies (masses) 64, 65, 66, 67, 74, 75 move in a volume limited by additionally magnetized magnets made on hollow surfaces inside the suspension rings. Material bodies (masses) moving inside hollow rings , Simultaneously move inside the magnets and inside the toroidal volume of the space limited by magnets. In the toroidal volume of space, the same magnetic field is created, as in a toroidal magnetic coil, in a toroidal solenoid.

In [32], a new interaction is reported in nature that occurs when a high-current magnetic system is subjected to a physical vacuum. The results of experimental studies on the detection of a new interaction in nature arising under the action of high-current magnetic systems on a physical vacuum are presented in [33, 34]. The essence of the new interaction lies in the fact that, according to the developed physical concepts of the structure of the physical space, the masses of elementary particles are proportional to the modulus of the cosmological vector potential - a new fundamental vector constant that enters the one-dimensional discrete fluxes "magnetic fluxes", which form the entire world around us according to the model of the universe [35]. According to the theory module Has a limiting value and can not be increased, but can be reduced, for example, due to the vector potential of the solenoid Directed towards . Since the masses of elementary particles are uniquely related to the quantity [32, 36, 37], it is possible to make an assumption about the existence of a new interaction in the region of a lowered , Acting on any material body located there.

In this case, the vector potential of the magnetic field of magnets is directed at an angle of 90-270 degrees towards the cosmological vector potential. In a region with a magnetic field, material bodies are moved by means of a material body moving device. As a result, within the volume bounded by the magnet, a region with a constant and a region with a reduced vector potential are created. In the region with a reduced total vector potential, the masses of matter (material bodies) made inside the gimbal rings are moved by means of a mass material transfer device. Since the ring of the cardan suspension is made in the form of a magnet, a region of the reduced vector potential is formed inside the ring additionally by moving inside the ring of the material body.

Within the movable material body (mass), an integral part of the engine power supply system, for example a nuclear reactor, can be made.

The material body moving device and the suspension ring can additionally perform the function of cooling the nuclear reactor. To this end, the operating nuclear reactor moves as a moving material body by a device for moving a moving material body along the suspension ring. In this case, the nuclear reactor touches the walls of the suspension ring, transfers heat to the suspension ring, heats it and cools itself. With a suspension ring, radiators can be connected, for example, in the form of additional ribs or partitions. Radiators are cooled by radiation cooling.

The engine can dock in flight with several traction systems made in the form of separate aircrafts with Bogdanov engines, with Bogdanov's helicopters made with the ability to take off separately and fly in the flight. The engine is docked to other engines of other traction systems using docking devices 68, 69. After docking, a matrix of several aircraft is formed. The matrix becomes an independent spacecraft. In this case, one traction system is the main one. In it is the control center of the ship. The remaining traction systems are optional. Each traction system has its own computer, and all computers are connected to a single local computer network, for example, using a system for transmitting signals by electromagnetic radiation, for example, radio waves.

For the connection from the ring of the base of the engine suspension four telescopic legs extend and are installed parallel to the plane of the ring of the base of the suspension. Telescopic legs extend, lengthen and dock with other rings of the base of suspension of other engines of other aircraft, other tape-recorders. So with the help of retractable telescopic legs, several aircrafts are connected to each other and form a single matrix, having the form of a grid with cells. The engines of each aircraft are working, creating a photon thrust of Bogdanov radiation. The moving devices of the reflectors and the moving devices of the covers move the reflectors and covers of different torsion motors of different aircraft, overlap and direct radiation streams emerging from the windows of the screen in various ways. In this way, the vector of thrust of the entire matrix, which is necessary in direction and magnitude, is created.

The electron accelerators of different engines, united in a matrix, accelerate the electrons in the direction opposite to the motion of the ship, and charge the matrix with an uncompensated positive charge.

While the engine is working, special attention is paid to protecting from the front of the flight of cosmic dust and micro-asteroids in flight, as collision with them during flight with speeds of the order of thousands of kilometers per second is capable of destroying the ship. It is taken into account that the probability of a head-on collision with cosmic dust and with micro-asteroids increases with increasing velocity. In addition, measures are being taken to reduce the impact on the ship of cosmic ray radiation.

To charge a ship with a positive and not a negative charge is necessary in order, first, to protect the crew from cosmic rays, since 99 percent of cosmic rays consist of positively charged particles. Basically, from protons and nuclei of atoms. And only 1% of cosmic rays fall to the fraction of electrons. Cosmic rays represent a very serious radiation hazard to the health of the crew. Secondly, we will show that particles of cosmic dust and micro-asteroids flying in front of the ship's path are loaded with uncompensated positive charges. To do this, we show that the space inside the heliospheres of the Sun and stars outside the planet's magnetospheres is charged with an uncompensated positive charge.

Such a charge arises because a new physical phenomenon occurs inside the Sun, inside the stars and in the vicinity of the Sun and stars - the Bogdanov effect of the appearance of an electric field in a plasma under the influence of electromagnetic radiation. The Bogdanov effect of the appearance of an electric field in a plasma under the influence of electromagnetic radiation is as follows.

It is known that electromagnetic radiation affects all charged particles by the radiation scattering force. In this case, the radiation scattering force acts on each charged particle by a force determined by the expression [16]

In accordance with Thompson's formula, the total scattering cross section depends on the charge of the particle to the fourth power and on the mass of the particle in the square. Therefore, for particles with the same electric charge and with different masses, the total scattering cross-section will be very different. The cross sections will differ proportionally to the mass in the square. Accordingly, the radiation scattering forces acting on charged particles with different masses will also differ by the same amount. For example, for an electron and a proton, the masses differ in 1836, 1088 times . Accordingly, the squares of the masses differ by 3371295.6 times . This means that the total scattering cross section is twice as large for an electron as for a proton, since the charges are the same for them, and the scattering power of the radiation acts just as much more on an electron than on a proton. Therefore, in a plasma, which is affected by electromagnetic radiation with an average energy density flux There is a spatial separation of charges and a photon electric field of Bogdanov , Numerically equal to the following expression

The meaning of this expression is that in a plasma under the influence of electromagnetic radiation, electrons and ions are acted upon by a different scattering power, and therefore the electrons move away under the action of radiation from the ions to such an extent that an additional electric attractive force exists between the ion and the electron, numerically equal to the difference Between the forces of scattering of radiation, acting on ions and electrons. Since this force acts between all the electrons and plasma ions in the radiation region, we can say that an additional electric field arises in the plasma, caused by the action of photons of electromagnetic radiation on the plasma. Therefore, this field can be called a photon electric field.

The effect of the appearance of Bogdanov's photonic electric field exists around the stars and inside the stars. Because of this, the stars have giant uncompensated positive electric charges. In particular, Bogdanov's photonic electric field exists up to the boundaries of the heliosphere, which extends to the boundaries of the Solar System, and inside the Sun. Therefore, the Sun therefore has a huge uncompensated electrical positive charge. The appearance of an uncompensated positive electric charge of the stars and the sun can be explained as follows.

Since there is a radial temperature gradient inside the stars and the Sun (the maximum temperature is at the center of the temperature), there is also a radial gradient of the flux of radiant, light electromagnetic energy. The gradient of the flux of light energy leads to the fact that there is an allocated direction, in the direction of which the flux of light electromagnetic energy accelerates the charged particles. Along this direction arises the electric photon field of Bogdanov. The ions inside the stars and the Sun are distributed so as to shield this field with their charges. In this case, the electrons do not shield this field, since they are opposed by the radiation scattering power and prevents the reduction of the strength of the Bogdanov electric photon field. Since the electric photon field of Bogdanov is screened by ions, their densities are distributed radially along the radii of the stars unevenly with respect to the electron density. The unevenness of the ion density is manifested in the fact that protons in the nuclei of all ions are larger than the electrons in the surrounding plasma. In other words, it turns out that inside the stars and the Sun at any distance from the center of the stars and the Sun, the density of the positive charge is greater than the density of the negative charge, and positive charges are greater than the negative ones. It follows that the stars and the sun have huge uncompensated electric charges and are charged with a positive charge.

Therefore, when the stellar wind and the solar wind are emitted from the surfaces of the stars and from the surface of the sun, it carries with it a plasma in which the distribution of positive and negative charges remains uneven. This plasma is positively charged. Since the cosmic rays penetrating into the heliosphere of the Sun from the galactic space are 99 percent of the carriers of the positive charge, it can be asserted that their flux can not charge the solar wind plasma with a negative charge or compensate it to the state of electroneutrality.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the stellar wind plasma and the solar wind plasma are electrically charged with a positive uncompensated electric charge. As a consequence, it can be argued that inside the heliosphere of stars and inside the solar heliosphere, outer space is charged with an uncompensated positive charge. Both the heliospheres of the stars and the solar heliosphere themselves are charged with uncompensated positive charges. These charges can not be completely compensated for by the substance of the interstellar medium of the galactic space, since penetration into the heliospheres of stars and the sun by the plasma of the interstellar medium of galactic space is impeded by the scattering power of radiation, the pressure force of the light of stars and the sun.

Since the solar wind plasma carries an uncompensated positive electric charge electrically charged with a positive charge, all particles of cosmic dust and micro-asteroids far from the planets are charged with a positive electric charge. (The addition that this rule is observed far from the planets is essential, since the radiation belts of planets can have their own patterns.)

Since particles of cosmic dust and meteorites within the heliosphere of the Sun, extending far beyond the orbit of Pluto, are charged with a positive charge, then when approaching the ship, also charged with a positive electric charge, these particles experience electrical repulsion from each other and from the ship.

Therefore, particles of cosmic dust and micrometeorites, firstly, when approaching a ship with a Bogdanov engine due to repulsion from the ship, lose some of their energy.

Secondly, since particles of cosmic dust and micro-asteroids, which are directly on the course, are charged with a positive electric charge due to the nasal ray of Bogdanov radiation, they also repel each other. Due to the fact that the positively charged particles of cosmic dust and the micro-asteroids that are directly on the course repel each other, they fly apart from the ship's course and form a cone of free space in which their concentration is reduced by several orders of magnitude. Those positively charged particles of cosmic dust and micro-asteroids that remained directly at the ship's course are repelled by the force of electric repulsion from the positively charged ship and by this force they do not collide with the ship, but fly ahead of the ship until they move off the ship's course . The beam of nasal radiation further accelerates particles of cosmic dust and micro-asteroids, which are directly at the ship's heading, away from the ship in the direction of the ship's path by the radiation scattering force.

Thus, it is possible to reduce the asteroid hazard and the negative consequences of the collision of the ship with the cosmic dust and micro-asteroid inflow coming from the front.

As was shown above, the space inside the solar heliospheres and stars is charged with an uncompensated positive charge, which means that cosmic dust particles and micrometeorites are charged with a positive charge and partially repel the positively charged ship without harming it. And positively charged particles of cosmic rays partially repel from a positively charged ship. Thus, protection from space dust, micrometeorites and cosmic rays consisting of 99 percent of positively charged particles is carried out.

The electron accelerator 70 operates as follows. The mesh 71 is heated by radiation emitted from the window. The system of emission cathodes 72 made on the grid is heated and heated. From the surfaces of emission cathodes, thermionic emission occurs. The electrons emitted during the emission are in the radiation beam. On the electrons from the radiation side, the radiation scattering force acts and repels them from the grid. Radiation accelerates the electrons in the direction from the grid until the radiation scattering force acting on the electron is equal to the force of the electric attraction of the electron to the traction system charged by the positive charge. The grid transfer device 73, after completing the flight of the ship in the space of the heliosphere of the Sun or the star, moves the grid relative to the screen window and removes the grid back inside the screen. When the engine starts moving outside the planetary magnetosphere inside the solar or star heliosphere, the device pulls the grid out of the screen and sets the grid in the window. The electron accelerator accelerates electrons away from the lower window of the screen.

Since the engine contains magnets, for example the surfaces of the suspension rings are made in the form of magnets, the magnets create a magnetic field around the motor. This magnetic field captures particles of a plasma magnet moving towards the engine from outer space. Since the engine is charged with a positive charge, the flow of electrons moving towards the engine from the side of the surrounding space, tends to compensate its positive charge. These electrons and particles of cosmic plasma are captured by the magnetic field of magnets as in a magnetic trap. The set of magnets behaves like one big magnet with two poles. The motion of electrons in the trap occurs along helical lines, which are gradually approaching the poles of a large magnet, to turning points, to magnetic mirrors of a magnetic trap. Near the poles, the front and back radiation beams are created. These rays throw away electrons from the engine by scattering radiation, approaching the motor due to an electric attraction to the positive charge of the engine. In this way, it is possible to reduce the effects of compensation for the uncompensated engine charge by plasma electrons in outer space. In the same way, the magnetic field around the ship protects the ship and crew from the electronic component of cosmic rays.

The combination of several traction systems with the engines of Bogdanov's tape-recorders into a single matrix forming a new spacecraft with a large engine composed of several engines can occur for the following reasons.

First , the total magnetic moment of the ship is increased, equal to the sum of the magnetic moments of all Bogdanov radio-detectors entering the matrix. This allows us to increase the area occupied by the magnetic field of the ship's magnetic trap, and thus increase the path through which the electrons of the cosmic plasma move toward the ship's engines because of the electric attraction to their positive charges. This increases the likelihood that the electrons will fall into the rays of radiation and will be thrown away from the ship.

This is conducive to the preservation of a matrix of several motors of an uncompensated positive charge while moving in comic space. The preservation of such a charge by the ship helps protect the crew from cosmic rays and from the oncoming flows of the space environment.

The increase in the area occupied by the magnetic field around the ship with the engine, more reliably protects the ship and crew from the electronic component of cosmic rays.

Secondly , a matrix of engines can transport a payload of greater mass than a separate aircraft with an engine, called Bogdanov's. It is possible to transport individual asteroids using a matrix with many engines. Transportation of individual asteroids can be carried out for the extraction and use of minerals on asteroids. For example, on asteroids it is possible to extract and process rare-earth metals of the platinum group. In addition to transporting asteroids for mining, the asteroids themselves can be turned into separate, independent spacecraft of enormous size. Preliminary on the asteroids is mining. Inside the asteroid are made numerous tunnels, from which minerals are mined. Then, after the end of industrial mining, the asteroid is perforated and perforated by numerous tunnels, laid in accordance with a previously developed scheme, taking into account the subsequent use of the asteroid as a spacecraft. After that, a matrix of engines is attached to the asteroid, equipment, control room is installed inside the tunnels, a local computer network connecting the control room with the engines is built, cabins and crew cabins are built, and a spaceship with an asteroid is ready for flight. Such a spaceship with an asteroid can be used for flights to other stellar systems. Places for greenhouses, food and weapons in case of a meeting with aggressively-minded residents of other worlds inside the asteroid is quite enough. Внутри астероида на другие звездные системы можно в одном полете перевозить миллионы человек!

Для создания необходимой силы тяги надо просто увеличивать число двигателей Богданова в матрице и увеличивать площадь поверхности матрицы.

Тяга матрицей из двигателей, в том числе с возможностью использования для создания тяги ускоряемых астероидов, может создаваться четырьмя способами.

Первым способом тяга создается с помощью излучения Богданова так, как это было описано выше.

Вторым способом тяга создается путем перемещения относительно магнитов материальных тел и установкой материальных тел в нужном положении относительно магнитов и направлением космологического вектора.

Третим способом тяга создается путем перемещения относительно магнитов отдельных двигателей матрицы одного или нескольких крупных материальных тел, предварительно не входящих в состав отдельно взятых магнитолетов, например одного или нескольких астероидов, и установкой крупных материальных тел, например астероидов, в нужном положении относительно магнитов и направлением космологического вектора.

This traction is created due to the fact that the vector potential of the magnetic field of magnets is directed at an angle of 90-270 degrees towards the cosmological vector potential. In a region with a magnetic field, material bodies are moved by means of a material body moving device. As a result, within the volume bounded by the magnet, a region with a constant and an area with a reduced vector potential are created. In the region with a reduced total vector potential, the masses of matter (material bodies) made inside the gimbal rings are moved by means of a mass material transfer device. Since the ring of the cardan suspension is made in the form of a magnet, a region of the reduced vector potential is formed inside the ring additionally by moving inside the ring of the material body.

The fourth way pull is created due to the fact that one or more iron-nickel asteroids are magnetized by systems of magnetization of several engines simultaneously. Magnetized asteroids become powerful magnets, join the matrix of motors and create a powerful magnetic field. In this case, the vector potential of the magnetic field of magnets is directed at an angle of 90-270 degrees towards the cosmological vector potential. In a region with a magnetic field, material bodies, for example, motors and unmagnetized asteroids, are positioned in the desired position. As a result, within the volume bounded by the magnetic field of the magnets, a region with a constant and an area with a reduced vector potential are created. In the region with a reduced total vector potential, the masses of matter (material bodies) made inside the gimbal rings are moved by means of a mass material transfer device. Since the ring of the cardan suspension is made in the form of a magnet, a region of the reduced vector potential is formed inside the ring additionally by moving inside the ring of the material body.

Starting from the area of the physical vacuum in which the cosmological vector potential decreases, due to the vector potential of the source of the magnetic field, the mass of matter introduced into this region, for example a material body, rigidly bound, for example, to the matrix of engines, carries it along. Thus, the source of the magnetic field creates a region of space in which the new force acts, and the system of the magnet with the body moves in space at the expense of the energy of the physical vacuum. Such a material body introduced into the field of a magnetic field can be a set of engines, considered without magnets of suspension rings, and individual unmagnetized one or more asteroids. As unmagnetized asteroids, one or more iron-stone or stone asteroids can be used.

The engines either on start or in flight can be connected and form a closed configuration having the shape of a polyhedron. We call such a configuration the polyhedral Bogdanov matrix. Let us call the engine of such a configuration the multifaceted engine of Bogdanov. It is a compound engine consisting of several Bogdanov radio-engines with engines. In the inner region, bounded by a multifaceted matrix of Bogdanov radio-locomotives, it is possible to lift from the surface of the Earth and transport a very large payload in space. The weight of such a useful cargo can be many times greater than the weight of the cargo carried by a separate magnet. Useful cargo can be attached to the engine screens by means of suspension.

To create a multi-faceted Bogdanov matrix several engines are connected by means of telescopic legs and docking devices. The motors are connected in such a way that as a result they form a closed surface, the surface of the polyhedron, all together. For example, a regular polyhedron. The number of telescopic legs of each individual engine of the individual aircraft, of which the matrix is assembled, can be different, depending on the structure of the polyhedron that is planned to be assembled from individual engines. For example, the number of telescopic legs in individual engines can be three, four, five, six, and so on.

The engine contains at least one computer configured to control the operation of the engine, in addition, it is possible to combine the computers of the engines after the motors are connected to a single local computer network. After docking of aircraft accelerated by engines, computers of different engines are combined into a single local computer network and controlled from a single control center.

The rotors of the matrix motors are preliminarily driven into rotation so that the initial axis of rotation of their rotors coincides in direction with the direction of the subsequent orientation of the rotation axis of the motor rotors after the motors are mounted in the matrix.

After creating a multi-faceted matrix, Bogdanov will be able to lift from the Earth's surface and send a useful cargo weighing many thousands of tons to fly to other planets of the solar system! To do this, it will be necessary to combine dozens of radio-engines with engines into a single matrix.

During a flight in the atmosphere of the planet or in any other medium, such a polyhedron radiates the radiation of Bogdanov in all directions and in all directions pushes the substance of the environment away from itself. At the same time, back at the rate of the ship with the matrix of engines, the greater total intensity of Bogdanov radiation is radiated and the difference in the radiation pressure on the rotors of various engines creates exactly the direction in which the resulting thrust of the ship with the matrix is directed.

Rotors along with the engines are made on the faces of the polyhedron. They rotate so that they have the same angle between the axis of rotation and the vector of gravity. When the matrix with the motors moves along a curvilinear trajectory, for example, along the surface of the Earth, during the flight, a part of the windows is always opened with conductive covers, and some of the windows are closed by conductive covers so that the resulting thrust vector is constantly along the curved trajectory. At the same time, different engines alternately open their upper or lower windows, then close them. In this case, each engine individually, if it has open windows, creates a thrust along the axis of rotation of the rotor. All this time the payload with the help of the suspension keeps a constant orientation on the vertical.

During a flight in outer space, the closed structure that the engines formed can be transformed into an open structure. In this structure, the matrix takes the form of a flat grid with cells. In this case, the nodes of the grid will be made engines. In this case, the number of engines emitting in one direction will increase, and the thrust will increase.

The engine can contain an inductive energy storage device made in the form of Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil created on the basis of Bogdanov's magnetic coil [5].

It is known that chemical rocket engines have a small specific energy content per unit of fuel weight [7], not more than 1.2 · 10 ⁷ J / kg . At the same time, there are devices, per unit weight of which the specific energy content can be made much larger. These are inductive storage (superconducting magnetic coils) of energy. With increasing winding mass m, the energy accumulated in it increases in proportion to the degree m ^5/3 and with increasing current density j is proportional to j ² [8]. Therefore, it is theoretically possible, by increasing the mass of the magnetic coil and the current density by several orders of magnitude, to increase the specific energy content per unit weight of the aircraft relative to the same value for chemical rocket engines. The created aircraft with a greater specific energy per unit of its weight can be accelerated by known physical methods to high speeds and raise more payload. The variant of accelerating the aircraft by accelerating the ionized atmosphere gas is proposed, for example, in the Bogdanov electric propulsion system [9]. However, in practice, in existing magnetic coils, the mechanical stresses that occur when the coil is energized do not allow the coil to be made light enough (in addition, a heavy reinforcing skeleton is required). And the induction currents that occur during induction do not allow the coil to be supplied with a current of high current density. Therefore, it is known that the more energy is stored in the coil, the lower the current density in the winding current.

These two disadvantages are devoid of Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil. Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil is made inside the cryostat and contains at least one pair of superconducting windings made one along the other and energized by currents of opposite directions, the coil comprising at least one section containing either more than two turns of a pair of windings or more Two pairs of windings, made one along the other and energized by currents of opposite directions.

Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil works as follows

The energy stored in the magnetic coil is determined by the following formula for calculating the energy in a multi-turn coil [6]

In this formula, the first term is the sum of the eigenenergy of all currents. The second term represents the mutual energy of the currents.

In the event that windings of windings with the opposite direction of currents are fed with current simultaneously so that the current in the coils is approximately the same all the time, the total field of the coil with a large number of turns tends to zero, so the radial stresses and inductive currents that prevent the washing , And the current density in the coil can be significantly increased. Therefore, the first term can be much higher than in the currently existing magnetic coils.

The second term, with an increase in the number of turns with the opposite direction of currents, sharply decreases, since an increase in the current in the coil of a winding of one direction of the current, we call this winding the main winding, causes an increase in the current in the coil of the winding of another direction of the current, we call this winding an additional one, and causes a decrease in the current in the turns Other main windings. Therefore, the terms with mutual induction of the turns of one direction of the current enter into the formula with one sign, and the terms with mutual induction of the currents of opposite directions in the turns of the windings enter with the opposite sign. As a result, these terms cancel each other out and the sum decreases. The second term decreases, it becomes much smaller than the first term. Therefore, the main contribution to the energy of Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil is given by the first term, which is equal to the sum of the eigenenergy of the currents.

Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil is fed with the currents of the forward and reverse directions of all pairs of main and additional turns of each section in such a way that the currents of direct and reverse directions are equal to each moment of time. If the condition of simultaneous feeding is satisfied in a Bogdanov multi-turn magnetic coil, it is possible to achieve a current density of short samples of the order of 10 ⁶ A / cm ² .

Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil is used as a simple inductive energy storage device, and the energy from it is derived as follows. In order to withdraw the energy accumulated in the superconducting magnetic coil by switching to the outside, the heaters simultaneously heat the sections between the current leads of all the windings made in one section. After heating the sections between the current leads to a temperature above the critical temperature, superconductivity in the heated regions is disrupted, the superconductor goes into a normal state, and the current leads out through the heated sections accumulated energy in superconducting windings. Energy can be output immediately from all pairs of superconducting coils of the section. Energy is output simultaneously from each pair of windings so that the current in one winding from the pair is always equal to the current strength in the other.

There is a commutation of the accumulated energy. This energy is used somehow.

Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil, made on the basis of Bogdanov's magnetic coil [5], has many turns of windings, powered by oppositely directed currents equal in absolute value, so that at the time of charging, the total magnetic field of the turns with the opposite direction of the coil current was approximately equal to zero. In this case, the magnetic energy of the windings of the windings with the opposite direction of currents is summed in accordance with the formula (7), and the total magnetic field tends to zero with increasing number of pairs of turns of windings with the opposite direction of the currents.

As a result, when the coil is energized, induction currents prevent the washing from appearing, and there are no mechanical stresses that tear the coil, as would be the case with a conventional magnetic coil. Due to this, in a multi-turn magnetic coil Bogdanov it is possible to create, practically at its arbitrary size, the maximum permissible current density for a given superconductor. This is the so-called current density of short samples. Let us turn to the figures. In small conventional coils with an energy of 0.1 kJ, the current density is 5 · 10 ⁴ A / cm ² [10], at large energies of 10 MJ, the current density is 1 · 10 ³ A / cm ² . Now the current density in large, if increased to a current density in small ones, will amount to the same 5 · 10 ⁴ A / cm ² , and the stored energy will increase as the square of this quantity [8], namely 250 times , and amount to 2500 MJ . But the current, as was said above, can be increased without difficulty to the current density of short samples. For Nb ₃ Sn this, for example, is about 3 × 10 ⁶ A / cm ² with a magnetic field of 1 T and a temperature of 4.2 degrees Kelvin [11]. Since a composite superconductor is usually used, if we take a design current of not more than 0.8 critical, with a ratio of normal and superconducting parts of 1: 1, we get ~ 10 ⁶ A / cm ² , that is, the current density becomes 20 times more . As a result, the coil's energy will increase another 400 times and reach 10 ⁷ MJ . This is 10 ⁶ ( 1 million ) times more than the energy of an ordinary large coil. In work [8] the graph of dependence of the weight ratio of the magnetic field coil to the stored energy for superconducting Brooks coils is given. From the graph it follows that at a critical current density of 10 ⁴ A / cm ² and stored energy of 10 ¹⁰ J, the weight / stored energy ratio is 5 kg / MJ , and therefore the weight of the magnetic field coil that can store energy 10 ¹⁰ J is 50 t . Considering that the stored energy is proportional to the weight of the magnetic field coil to a power of 5/3 and the density of the (constructive) current to the second power, it can be stated that with a design current density of 10 ⁵ A / m ² and a stored energy of 10 ¹⁵ J, 500 tons . The stored energy / weight ratio is 2 · 10 ⁹ J / kg , which is more than 100 times the maximum possible specific energy content per unit chemical fuel weight ( 1.2 · 10 ⁷ J / kg ). The current design density of 10 ⁵ A / cm ² in existing superconducting systems has already been achieved [8]. All these relationships can also apply to Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coil if it is made in the ratio of the sizes of the Brooks coil with the fundamental difference that in the Brooks coil, made as a conventional coil with one direction of current, the energy is 10 ¹⁵ J because of the arising radial stresses It is impossible to accumulate, but in a multi-turn magnetic coil of Bogdanov with windings having currents of opposite directions, this is quite realistic. If the Bogdanov's coil, made with the ratio of the Brooks coil sizes, is fed with a current with the design density of short samples of 10 ⁶ A / cm ² , then according to the graph the energy of 10 ¹⁵ J will be accumulated in a coil weighing only 5 tons . In this case, the ratio of the stored energy / weight of the coil is 10 ¹¹ J / kg . This ratio is more than 10,000 times the maximum possible specific energy content per unit weight of chemical fuel 1.2 · 10 ⁷ J / kg [7].

It is known that a rocket with a chemical rocket engine has an upper limit of 20,000 tons, above which an increase in mass is not beneficial because of acoustics (acoustic impact on the body of operating engines) [1]. Even if the entire weight of the rocket falls on chemical fuels, there can not be more energy in it than the product of the rocket mass of 20 thousand tons per maximum energy content per unit of fuel weight of 1.2 · 10 ⁷ J / kg . That is, in all such a rocket, the energy is not more than 2.4 · 10 ¹⁴ Joules . This is much less than 10 ¹⁵ Joules of magnetic energy, which can be stored in a multi-turn magnetic coil of Bogdanov weighing from 5 to 500 tons . This energy can then be used to operate the engine components. For example, to move reflectors, conductor covers, turn suspension rings and move material bodies inside the ring with a magnet.

Bogotanov's multi-turn magnetic coils can be made inside the suspension rings as material bodies. And Bogdanov's multi-turn magnetic coils can be performed inside a volume bounded by a screen.

The rotor may comprise a superconducting disk or ring, while a magnet is provided adjacent to the disc or ring. The superconducting disk or ring behaves like a classical two-dimensional conductor.

The magnet causes induction in the superconductor on the surface induction currents, which expel the magnetic field from the superconductor. The induction currents create the radiation of Bogdanov.

The rotor can comprise at least two structures containing at least two layers of a two-dimensional conductor, moreover, a dielectric is made between the layers of a two-dimensional conductor, the structure being in the form of a plate, with gaps of empty space between the plates, The plates are connected to each other and form a ring or disc, the gap being open from the side of the ring or disc.

Additionally, metal waveguides can be made between the plates with multi-layer structures of the two-dimensional conductor, the metal waveguides being formed as gaps in the empty space, the plates being connected to each other and forming a base ring.

Waveguides are designed to output radiation to the outer ring surrounding the ring. For example, the gap is open from the side of the ring. The exit aperture of the metal waveguide is made on the side surface of the main ring.

At least one window can be made opposite the gap between the plates with structures. At least one reflector can be made opposite the gap between the plates and structures. In the screen, side windows can be formed around the side surfaces of the ring opposite the structures and opposite the gaps between the plates.

In the case that the main ring contains gaps in the empty space, made as metal waveguides, the surrounding gaps of the structure with layers of a two-dimensional conductor lead to the gaps part of their radiation Bogdanov. This radiation is created on layers of two-dimensional conductors.

In metal waveguides formed by gaps of empty space between plates formed by structures, part of the alternating radiation of the layers of two-dimensional conductors surrounding the gap enters. That part of the radiation that propagates at an angle to the axis of rotation, starting from some angles, is reflected from the conductive surfaces of the gap, as from the walls of the waveguide, and moves toward the gap boundary to the side surface of the ring. When the radiation reaches the gap boundary, it exits from the gap from the lateral surface of the ring to the surrounding space. After the radiation is radiated into the gap, the radiation is reflected multiple times at an angle from the walls of the waveguide and, due to reflections, moves along the waveguide towards the exit window of the gap. From this window, the radiation comes out of the gap and outward of the main ring into the surrounding space. In the future, this radiation comes either to the reflector or to the side window.

Metal and dielectric waveguides can be made parallel to the axis of rotation of the substance. In this case, Bogdanov's radiation of multilayer structures with two-dimensional conductors is outputted to dielectric or metallic waveguides, reflected at an angle from the walls of the waveguide, moves along the walls of the waveguide to the output from the waveguide located on the end surface of the main ring, and from the waveguide it is emitted into the surrounding ring The end face of the ring. In this case, the area of the inner surfaces of the main ring, from which radiation directly emerges through the end surface, increases sharply.

In the event that the winding wrapped around the ring is superconducting, it is possible to achieve the effect of inducing undamped induction currents circulating on its surface. This will increase the density of the current flowing through it, and will reduce the time required for the rotating ring to gain the necessary speed.

The engine may comprise a liquid, wherein the rotation device may be configured to rotate the fluid. As a liquid, mercury can be used. В качестве жидкости может быть применена ферромагнитная жидкость.

В этом случае жидкость приводят во вращение и создают прецессию атомов жидкости теми же способами, как и для атомов твердого основного кольца. Во время прецессии излучается излучение Богданова.

Основное кольцо может содержать слоистый кристалл, при этом плоскость максимальной проводимости слоистого кристалла перпендикулярна оси кольца или диска.

Основное кольцо может содержать ферромагнитный материал. Основное кольцо может быть выполнено в виде магнита. Основное кольцо может содержать многослойные структуры с двумерным проводником, при этом двумерный проводник содержит ферромагнитный материал.

Двигательная установка может содержать четыре дополнительных кольца или диска, выполненных вокруг основного кольца симметрично относительно оси симметрии основного кольца.

В этом случае, открывая или закрывая окна около дополнительных роторов, можно дополнительно изменять вектор тяги.

Ротор может быть выполнен в виде диска. Вращаемый диск работает в принципе так же, как вращаемое кольцо.

Устройство вращения может быть выполнено в виде центрифуги.

Возможен вариант двигателя, когда отражатели и экран приводятся во вращение вокруг оси вращения ротора. Это увеличивает вертикальную тягу, поскольку в этом случае отражатели и экран вдобавок еще и сами будут излучать. В этом случае камера с полостью, в которой выполнены помещения для экипажа, выполнена на подвесах и во время вращения ротора, отражателей и экрана висит в неизменном положении.

Второй вариант двигателя

Двигатель содержит каркас, выполненный в виде многогранника, при этом между ребрами многогранника на подвесе выполнена камера, причем в камере выполнена, по крайней мере, одна полость, вдобавок между ребрами грани многогранника выполнен ротор, соединенный с устройством вращения вещества, при этом устройство вращения выполнено с возможностью вращать ротор, кроме того, каркас соединен с экраном, вдобавок напротив граней многогранника каркаса в экране выполнены окна, причем с экраном соединены проводящие крышки, выполненные с возможностью открывать и закрывать окна, кроме того, с экраном соединены устройства перемещения крышки, выполненные с возможностью перемещать крышки, при этом крышки выполнены с возможностью экранирования электромагнитного излучения. Внутри камеры находится экипаж летательного аппарата, ускоряемого двигателем.

Во втором варианте двигатель работает следующим образом. Проводящие крышки открывают малую площадь поверхностей окон спереди по курсу тяговой системы с двигателем. Возникает передний луч излучения Богданова. Передний луч расталкивает силой рассеяния излучения набегающие спереди на двигатель потоки вещества окружающей среды. Одновременно проводящие крышки открывают большую площадь поверхностей окон сзади по курсу тяговой системы с двигателем. Возникает задний луч излучения Богданова. Задний луч создает непосредственно тягу двигателя.

All this happens in the same way as was described for the first version of the engine. The difference is as follows. The rotors are made on the faces of the polyhedron. They rotate so that they have the same angle between the axis of rotation and the vector of gravity. When the traction system, the aircraft with the engine moves along a curvilinear trajectory, for example along the surface of the Earth, during the flight, a part of the windows is always opened with conductive covers and a part of the windows is closed by conductive covers so that the resulting thrust vector is constantly along the curved trajectory. All this time the camera with the crew keeps a constant orientation on the vertical.

The second version of the engine is more difficult to manufacture and more powerful. At the same time, the author considers this option more perfect.

A significant drawback of the first option may be the loss of radiation energy during reflection from the reflectors. This energy loss can be very significant.

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INFORMATION SOURCES

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CLAIM

A thrust generating motor comprising a power supply system, an induction coil system, a rotation device consisting of a stator and a rotor comprising a rotary substance ring providing electromagnetic radiation, characterized in that it comprises a conductive screen for shielding electromagnetic radiation with at least one Window, with a conductive cover and a lid moving device next to the window.
The engine for creating a thrust according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made in the form of a rotation figure, with a chamber with a cavity inside the screen.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 2, characterized in that the screen and the chamber with the cavity are installed inside the frame, made in the form of a polyhedron.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one system of rollers connected to the rotation device is formed around the axis of the rotation device.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 2, characterized in that one of the induction coils is formed around the rotor, wherein the planes of the coil turns are parallel to the axis of the rotor.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotor ring comprises at least one coil winding wound around the ring, the winding being electrically isolated from the ring and occupying the corner segment of the ring not more than half the surface of the ring, and the axis of the winding Lies in the plane of the ring.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 6, characterized in that the winding comprises a superconductor.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotatable substance comprises a two-dimensional conductor.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 8, characterized in that the plane of maximum conductivity of the two-dimensional conductor is perpendicular to the axis of the ring.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 8, characterized in that the two-dimensional conductor is made in the form of a conductive film.
The engine for creating a thrust according to claim 8, characterized in that a cryostat is made inside the ring.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic coil made inside the cryostat which has at least one pair of superconducting windings made one along the other and energized by currents of opposite directions.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotatable substance comprises a layered crystal, the plane of maximum conductivity of the layered crystal being perpendicular to the axis of the ring.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises at least one reflector made in the form of a mirror comprising at least one conductive layer with the ability to reflect electromagnetic radiation, the reflector being made near a window.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises at least one reflector moving device connected to the rotation device.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises at least one reflector turning device connected to the rotation device.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 16, wherein the reflector comprises a multilayer structure with two-dimensional conductors.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner surface of the screen facing the rotational device is made in the form of a multilayer structure with two-dimensional conductors.
The engine for creating thrust according to one of the claims. 8, 17, or 18, characterized in that the Fermi energy of the material of the layer of the two-dimensional conductor either does not change with increasing distance from the surface of the rotor in the two adjacent layers, or increases.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a hanger connected to the screen, with a rotating device and a rotor, which makes it possible to freely rotate the rotation device when the screen angle is varied.
The engine for creating a thrust according to claim 20, characterized in that the suspension is made in the form of a cardan suspension.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one additional coil of a longitudinal magnetic field, configured to create a magnetic field in the rotating substance along the axis of rotation of the substance.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 22, wherein the additional coils of the longitudinal magnetic field are formed around the axis of the rotor.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one electron accelerator with an electron source, wherein the electron source is arranged near the rotor and comprises at least one emission cathode.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises more than two telescopic legs capable of changing its length, being drawn into the engine, or pressed against the engine.
The thrust generating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises docking devices adapted to couple at least two engines together, and at least one computer controlling the operation of the engine, and after the motors are coupled, the computers are combined into A single local area network.

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INVENTION Patent of the Russian Federation RU2200875 ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE BOGDANOVA FOR THE CREATION OF THE THRUST ON NEW PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES

Drive sulfur, engine invention patent technology MAGNETIC ENGINE, electromagnetic motor, engine based on new physical principles of operation, Bogdanov's engine