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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2247259
METHOD OF AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION AND INSTALLATION OF THE OPTIMAL MOMENT OF IGNITION OF FUEL-AIR MIXTURE IN THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Name of applicant: Petrovichev Alexander Sergeevich
The name of the inventor: Petrovichev Alexander Sergeevich
The name of the patent holder: Petrovichev Alexander Sergeevich
Address for correspondence: 600017, Vladimir, Oktyabrsky Prospect, 36, Apt. 159, tel. (4922) 35-31-81
Date of commencement of the patent: 2002.01.17

The invention relates to control systems for ignition timing of a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine by optimizing the working process of converting the thermal energy of the combusted fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy of rotation of the engine crankshaft. The application of the invention makes it possible to automatically determine and set the optimal ignition timing of a fuel-air mixture in a particular internal combustion engine regardless of the technical state of the engine, fuel grade and external environmental conditions. According to the invention, the start of the moment of ignition of the fuel-air mixture is regulated by the results of the end of its burning. The combustion process of the fuel-air mixture is controlled by a photosensitive flame sensor and after each cycle the actual and specified combustion time of the whole fuel-air mixture is compared. Then, based on the obtained data, the delay time of the ignition timing of the subsequent cycle is corrected.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to control systems for ignition timing of a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine.

From the state of the art, methods for correcting the ignition timing based on adjusting the delay of the start of the ignition timing with respect to the fixed control law (the relationship of setting the ignition timing to engine revolutions) are known by electronic devices, the reference point, and then the microprocessor calculating unit Sensor changes the delay time of the ignition timing, thereby changing the ignition timing.

In this method, the optimum start time of the ignition of the fuel / air mixture ( TVS ) is preliminarily determined on a special test bench by the test method on the reference engine, and the resulting multiple values ​​of the start of the ignition timing are realized on the serial engines by a mechanical device or an electronic microprocessor system in which the law of changing the ignition timing Depending on various parameters: engine speed, quantity, composition and temperature of the air-fuel mixture) is written in the form of a mathematical matrix in the memory of the microprocessor. In the course of the engine operation, the microprocessor calculates and sets the reference starting point of the ignition in accordance with the values ​​of the above parameters, determined by special sensors.

Disadvantages of this method is the inconsistency of setting the reference value of the ignition timing to the required, since the combustion time of the fuel-air mixture depends on the pressure, temperature, quantity and quality of the air-fuel mixture, and the quality of the gasoline on the particular engine. In other words, the existing methods assume a correction of the moment of ignition of the air-fuel mixture of one engine relative to the initial setting of the instant of ignition of another reference engine.

The prototype of the invention is a method for controlling detonation, most similar to the claimed one, in which the correction of the ignition timing is carried out by means of an ionization sensor. The essence of the method consists in correcting the ignition timing after comparing the actual time of passage of the flame front from the spark plug to the ionization sensor with a predetermined value. When the detonation occurs, this time decreases sharply and the system introduces a delay in the ignition timing until the engine detonation disappears ( see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,308,519 , IPC F 02 B 77/08, published on 29.12.1981 ).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the method is only applicable in the presence of detonation, and low accuracy in determining the magnitude and sign of the correction of the ignition timing, because of the complexity and unevenness of the flame front in the combustion chamber due to the chaotic turbulence of the air-fuel mixture, which leads to a large spread of magnitude Correction of ignition timing.

The task for solving the invention is to automatically determine and set the optimum moment of ignition of the fuel-air mixture in a specific internal combustion engine regardless of the technical state of the engine, fuel grade and external environmental conditions.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine by optimizing the working process of converting the thermal energy of the combusted fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy of rotation of the engine crankshaft.

The technical result is achieved by adjusting the beginning of the moment of ignition of the fuel-air mixture as a result of the end of its combustion. At the same time, the combustion of the air-fuel mixture is monitored by a photosensitive flame sensor and after each cycle, the actual and predetermined combustion time of the whole fuel-air mixture is compared. Then, the delay time of the ignition timing of the subsequent cycle is corrected. At the same time, the start of combustion of the air-fuel mixture is corrected so that its termination occurs at a given point, which corresponds to the position of the piston 10-15 ° after the top dead center. At the end of the combustion process at this point, the work done by the working body (burned by the fuel-air mixture) is maximum. Based on this, using the claimed method, each operating cycle of an internal combustion engine is controlled by a photosensitive flame sensor. The start of the combustion process (the optimum ignition time) in each subsequent cycle is corrected by the result of the end of the burning process of the previous cycle, while the microcontroller calculating unit determines the value and the correction sign, depending on the difference in the actual combustion end point and the set time. The claimed method makes it possible to realize the "ideal" theoretical curve of the law of changing the ignition timing, depending on the engine speed.

Obtaining the technical result of the invention is possible only by applying the correction of the starting time of the ignition after comparing the actual end of the combustion process (variable value) and the set combustion end point (constant value) of the whole fuel-air mixture by adjusting the ignition timing by the calculating unit of the microcontroller when controlling the combustion process by the photosensitive sensor Flame.

The new essential features of the invention, which differ from the analogs and prototypes, are:

• Correction of the beginning of the moment of ignition by the calculating unit of the microcontroller of each subsequent cycle based on the results of comparison of the set and actual moments of the end of the combustion process of the whole fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber in the previous cycle by the microcontroller computing unit,
• The use of a light-sensitive flame sensor to control the combustion process.

The introduction of new essential features allows to automatically determine the optimum value of the ignition timing in the engine cylinder, regardless of the variation in the engine operating parameters (pressure, temperature, quantity and quality of the air-fuel mixture) and gasoline grade inconsistency, since the ignition timing correction is performed in a specific cylinder, under specific conditions And in the combustion of a specific fuel grade (while the existing methods assume a correction of the instant of ignition of the fuel-air mixture of one engine relative to the initial setting of the instant of ignition of another reference engine), that is, "direct control of the combustion process". The use of a light-sensitive flame sensor eliminates the ambiguity in the correction of the ignition timing, since the duration of the light flux of all the burning gases does not depend on the general pattern of propagation of the flame front in the combustion chamber, but only indicates the presence of combustion or its absence. Correction of the beginning of the ignition moment at the end of combustion of fuel assemblies prevents the appearance of detonation in all operating modes of the engine due to the automatic reduction of the ignition timing, with the slightest reduction in the combustion time of the fuel assemblies from the predetermined value.

The invention is explained in the drawings, wherein

• 1 is a schematic diagram of a microprocessor ignition system implementing a method for automatically detecting and setting the optimum ignition timing of an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine;
• FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the operation of the computing unit of the system microcontroller. FIG.

In accordance with the invention, the system comprises ( see FIG. 1 ):

• The sensor for starting the timing of the ignition timing delay 1;
• The sensor for the preset position of the piston (corresponds to the set time of the end of combustion of fuel assemblies) 2;
• Light-sensitive flame sensor 3;
• The microcontroller computing unit 4,
• Standard ignition unit 5.

The system operates as follows (see FIG . 1 and FIG. 2 ).

In the working compression stroke, when the piston of the conditionally set reference point "a" passes, the signal of the sensor 1 starts the following time counters in the microcontroller computing unit 4:

• The delay counter of the ignition timing 11 from the origin to the moment when the voltage pulse D is sent to the ignition unit 5;
• The time counter of the set end point of the combustion process;
• The counter of the time of the actual moment of the end of the combustion process.

After the countdown of the delay time 11, the microcontroller calculating unit outputs the signal D to the standard ignition unit 5 and then through the distributor to the spark plugs. The fuel-air mixture ignites and the combustion process G begins in the working cycle of the engine.

The calculating unit of the microcontroller 4 expects the signals from the piston setpoint sensor (corresponding to the specified moment of the combustion end of the fuel-air mixture) 2 and from the sensor of the actual moment of the end of combustion of the fuel-air mixture 3. After the signals B and b are received, the corresponding time counters are stopped, comparison of the specified and actual moments Completion of combustion of the air-fuel mixture, determination of the correction value of the delay time And generating a new ignition timing delay time 11 'in the on-line memory of the microcontroller calculating unit to read the corrected ignition timing delay in the subsequent duty cycle and hence the new combustion time of the fuel / air mixture.

Thus, the operation of the device is reduced to a continuous monitoring and change (correction) of the start of combustion (the delay time of the ignition timing in the operational memory of the microcontroller's computing unit) via feedback at the moment of its termination.

CLAIM

A method for automatically detecting and setting an optimum ignition timing of an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: controlling the start of the ignition timing of a fuel-air mixture as a result of the end of its combustion; controlling the burning of the fuel-air mixture by a photosensitive flame sensor; and after each cycle, comparing the actual and predetermined combustion time Of the whole fuel-air mixture, and then correcting the delay time of the ignition timing of the subsequent cycle.

print version
Date of publication 04.11.2006gg

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