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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2269194
METHOD OF DISPLACEMENT OF THE OBJECT IN THE SPACE AND THE DEVICE FOR THE MOVEMENT OF THE OBJECT IN THE SPACE
Name of applicant: Dozorov Tom Anatolievich (RU); Smirnov Gennady Vasilyevich (RU)
The name of the inventor: Dozorov Tom Anatolievich (RU); Smirnov Gennady Vasilyevich (RU)
The name of the patent owner: Dozorov Tom Anatolievich (RU); Smirnov Gennady Vasilyevich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 117461, Moscow, PO Box 43, Т.А. Dozorov, G.V. Smirnov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.09.27
The invention relates to electromagnetic propulsors and can be used, in particular, in space vehicles. The method of moving an object in space is based on the effect of an electromagnetic field on the conductor, rigidly connected with the object being moved. A feature of the method is that the conductor is positioned in space so that it intersects the plane formed by the propagation vector of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field. In the conductor, an alternating current is created with a frequency equal to the frequency of the electromagnetic field and a phase determined by the direction of its displacement relative to the source of the field. The conductor can be made in the form of a winding wire, the turns of which have a rectangular shape. The device contains elements that provide the required control of the phase of the current in the conductor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The proposed technical solutions can be used in land, water, air or space vehicles.
Known are methods and devices that use to move objects in space a magnetic field and a conductor with an electric current, located in this field.
So, for example, the method of moving an object in space is known (FIG. 1), based on the action of a magnetic field on a conductor with a current, rigidly connected with a moving object (Kuhling X. Handbook of Physics, -M .: Mir, 1983, p.347 ).
A device is known which is an electric motor comprising an armature (an object) with an winding (conductor), an electric current source connected to the winding, and a magnetic field source in which the winding is located (Kuhling X. Handbook of Physics, 1983, pp. 357-359).
A feature of these methods and devices is that a force sufficient to move an object rigidly connected to the conductor only arises in the immediate vicinity of the source of the magnetic field. This is a consequence of a significant weakening of the magnetic field with increasing distance from its source.
Thus, the disadvantage of these methods and devices is a very small amount of the force acting on the conductor, which is insufficient for the movement of an object rigidly connected with the conductor, located at considerable distances from the source of the magnetic field.
The closest to the claimed is a method based on the effect of an electromagnetic field on a conductor located in this field (FIG. 2). A force appears in the conductor in the direction of the propagation of the electromagnetic field, under the action of which the conductor moves (Savelyev IV Course of General Physics, vol. II, Electricity. -M .: Nauka, 1970, p.410-412) . The phenomenon is known as the pressure of electromagnetic waves.
The disadvantage of the closest method is the very small amount of force acting on the conductor. Therefore, the practical application of the known method is possible only with significant dimensions of the conductor and in the absence of disturbing influences, for example, in space. In addition, the movement of the object according to the known method is possible only in the direction from the source of the electromagnetic field.
The closest in purpose and technical nature to the proposed device for moving objects is a linear electric motor (RF Patent No. 207544 C1, IPC 7 N 02 K 41/035, B 60 L 13/00. "Unipolar linear motor", BI No. 9, 27.03 .97, p.236) containing an object rigidly connected to a conductor connected to a current source, and a magnetic field source. The current in the conductor interacts with the magnetic field. In this case, a force arises that leads the conductor into translational motion along the source of the magnetic field.
In the closest device, a force sufficient to move the conductor and a rigidly connected object occurs only in the immediate vicinity of the source of the magnetic field. The trajectory of the object's motion is determined by the size and shape of the field source, so changing the direction of the object's movement requires changing the size and shape of the field source. This is the disadvantage of the device.
Thus, the solved task (technical result) of the claimed technical solutions is to increase the force acting on the conductor at large distances from the field source and to ensure the possibility of the object moving along any trajectory without changing the size and shape of the field source.
The stated task (technical result) is achieved by the fact that in a known method of moving an object in space based on the action of an electromagnetic field on a conductor rigidly associated with a moving object, according to the invention, the conductor is positioned in space such that it or its fragment intersects the plane formed The vector of propagation of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field, while in the conductor an alternating current is created with a frequency equal to or an odd number of times lower than the frequency of the electromagnetic field, set at the beginning of the motion and maintained, when moving, the phase of the current in the conductor such that it differs from Phase of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field in absolute magnitude was less than 
± 2k , K = 0,1,2, ... when moving the object in the direction from the field source, or was in the interval ( , 2 ) ± 2k , K = 0,1,2, ... as it moves towards the source of the field.
The task (technical result) is achieved in that the conductor is made in the form of a winding of a wire whose turns are of rectangular shape, the conductor being arranged in space in such a way that the two winding fragments in which the current flows in the opposite direction are perpendicular to the plane formed The vector of propagation of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field, and the distance between these fragments, measured along the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field, is equal to an odd number of lengths of half-waves of the electromagnetic field.
The task (technical result) is achieved by the fact that in a device for moving an object in a space containing an electromagnetic field source, a conductor rigidly coupled to the object and located in the electromagnetic field of this source and a current source according to the invention, A phase shifter and a control device, wherein the two inputs of the phase comparison device and the two inputs of the phase shifter are connected respectively to the two outputs of the current source, the two outputs of the phase shifter are connected to the two conductor terminals, the input of the control device is connected to the output of the phase comparison device and its output is connected to the control input Phase conductor, the conductor is made in the form of a winding of a wire whose turns are of rectangular shape and is located in space in such a way that the two winding pieces whose current has the opposite direction are perpendicular to the plane formed by the propagation vector of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field, And the distance between these fragments, measured along the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field, is equal to an odd number of lengths of half-waves of the electromagnetic field.
EXPLAIN THE ESSENCE OF THE PROPOSED TECHNICAL DECISIONS
The electromagnetic field, in accordance with Maxwell's theory, is a process of mutual transformations of electric and magnetic fields periodic in time and space, i.e. Is an electromagnetic wave (Savel'ev IV Course of General Physics, Vol. II, Electricity .- Moscow: Nauka, 1970, p. 372-403). Thus, an alternating magnetic or electric field always creates in space an electromagnetic wave of some length 
, The value of which is determined by the period of the field change. Electromagnetic waves propagate over long distances, easily generated and focused.
Equations of a plane electromagnetic wave are written in vector form (Savel'ev IV Course of General Physics, Vol. II, Electricity. -M .: Nauka, 1970, p.403):
Where the vectors of the magnetic (H) and electric (E) components of the electromagnetic wave are mutually perpendicular and directed in a three-dimensional coordinate system along the z and y directions, respectively, the x-axis is the wave propagation direction (FIG. 1);
H m is the modulus of the magnetic field strength vector of the electromagnetic wave;
E m is the modulus of the electric field strength vector of the electromagnetic wave;
- wave frequency;
K is the wave number equal to 
,
- phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave;
- the electric constant and the relative electrical permeability of the wave propagation medium, respectively;
- the magnetic constant and the relative magnetic permeability of the medium of propagation of the wave, respectively.
It is known that, by falling on an electrically conducting body, an electromagnetic wave exerts pressure on it (Savelyev IV Course of General Physics, Vol. II, Electricity. -M .: Nauka, 1970, p.410-412). In this case, a density current is excited in the conductor
Where 
- Conductivity of the conductor material (inverse of the electrical resistivity 
).
Hereinafter, we assume that the direction of the current in the conductor coincides with the direction of the electric field acting on the conductor.
The magnetic component of the electromagnetic field acts on the conductor with a force:
Where the symbols [] denote the vector product;
V is the volume of the conductor fragment perpendicular to the wave propagation direction.
The direction of the force action coincides with the direction of wave propagation.
The magnitude of the force f turns out to be extremely small (Savel'ev IV Course of General Physics, Vol. II, Electricity, M .: Nauka, 1970, p.412), and the movement of objects under its action is practically difficult to realize.
To increase the force acting on the conductor to a value sufficient to move objects rigidly connected to such a conductor, it is proposed in the claimed inventions to create an alternating alternating current j P in the conductor. It is necessary that the conductor or its fragment crosses the plane formed by the propagation vector of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field. The conductor can be made in the form of a wire winding. In this case, the fragment of the winding is understood as the set of identical fragments of the conductor. 3 shows cross-sections of two conductor fragments (winding fragments). In these fragments, the current flows in opposite directions relative to each other. In the section indicated in the form of a grid, the current flows in the direction of "from us", in the form of points - "at us." Fragments are located in opposite waves of the electromagnetic field, i.e. on distance
From each other. Under these conditions, the force vectors acting on each of the fragments are directed in one direction.
The alternating voltage U P of the current source creates a voltage in the conductor of length l:
Which excites in the conductor a current density j P :
In the case when the frequency of the change in the value of U P , and hence of the current j p , is chosen to be equal to the frequency of the incident wave ( 
= ), The magnitude of the force f acting on two segments of the conductor is the largest and equal to:
Expression (9) emphasizes that, taking into account the fact that electric field strength E P > E can be ensured in the conductor due to the electric power source placed on the object, the main effect on the force f acting on the conductor is the current j P (Rather than j).
If the phase ratio of the quantities j P and H when the conductor moves relative to the source of the electromagnetic field is invariant (the vector product [j 
H] in (9) is constant), then the magnitude and direction of the force acting on the conductor are unchanged. The magnitude of the force f is maximal in absolute value if the quantities j p and H coincide in phase or differ by an amount 
(Fig. 4). Thus, by choosing the phase ratio of the quantities j p and H, it is possible to control the magnitude and direction of the force acting on the conductor f.
Let the ratio of the phases of the current in the conductor and the magnetic component of the electromagnetic wave be chosen in the best way for a stationary object, i.e. The direction of the acting force corresponds to the required force, and its magnitude is maximal. When the conductor is moved along the propagation vector of the electromagnetic field by a distance 
R with respect to the source of the electromagnetic wave between the phase of the current in the conductor j p and the phase of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field H, a phase shift equal to
This shift leads to a decrease, and when the conductor is moved to a distance greater than half the wavelength, and to a change in the direction of the force acting on the conductor. In expression (10) it is assumed that the positions of the vectors of the magnetic and electric components of the electromagnetic wave are constant in space and in time. Otherwise, the value of the quantity R will be more or less than half the wavelength depending on the direction of rotation of these vectors and the direction of movement of the object. In any case, in order to ensure the chosen direction and magnitude of the force acting on the conductor, it is necessary to adjust the phase of the current in the conductor at the beginning of the motion, and to correct the phase of the current in the conductor along the entire path of the conductor relative to the source of the electromagnetic field. Such an operation should be carried out as often as possible, but at least once during the time of changing the phase of the electromagnetic field relative to the phase of the current in the conductor by an amount . Thus. Is set at the beginning of the motion and is maintained while moving the phase of the current in the conductor such that its difference from the phase of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field in absolute value is less than ± 2k , K = 0,1,2, ... when moving the object in the direction from the field source, or was in the interval ( , 2 ) ± 2k , K = 0,1,2, ... as it moves towards the source of the field.
Considering that the speed of the object's displacement is much less than the speed of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, such an adjustment is quite feasible by known methods.
Thus, for example, to maintain the desired phase value of the current in the conductor, a method based on a direct measurement of the phase mismatch coming to the conductor of the electromagnetic wave and the current in the conductor can be used. For this purpose, a measuring conductor is introduced, the shape and dimensions of the turns of which coincide with the shape and dimensions of the conductor turns (Fig. 6). By measuring with a phase detector the phase difference of the current excited by the electromagnetic field in the measuring conductor and the current created in the conductor by the current source and changing the phase of the current in the conductor, it is achieved that the phase relationships correspond to the required conditions.
Equality of electromagnetic wave frequencies And the current in the conductor P is not a prerequisite. Provide the required force vector is possible, and creating in the conductor a sequence of pulses with a frequency P = / (2k + 1), where k = 1,2, ..., i.e. With an odd number of times the frequency .
To enable the object to move in any direction and along any trajectory, it is necessary to provide the object with at least three devices realizing the described method of moving in space and irradiating the object with at least three sources of electromagnetic field from different directions.
Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to significantly increase the force acting on the conductor in the electromagnetic field and to provide any trajectory of its movement without changing the size and shape of the field source.
The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.
1 shows the magnetic (H) component acting on the conductor of the electromagnetic wave incident on it and the resulting force f in the known analog of the method; Factors, indicated by vectors of the same form (solid or dashed lines), act simultaneously.
2 - vectors of the electromagnetic field (H, E), current j, force f, acting on the conductor, in the closest way.
3 is a cross-sectional view of the conductor winding in an electromagnetic field, explaining the claimed technical solutions.
FIG. 4 shows the mutual qualitative relationships of the quantities H, j p , f in the claimed technical solutions.
5 is a functional diagram of an apparatus for moving an object in space that implements the claimed method.
FIG. 6 is a functional diagram of a phase comparator 5. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a functional diagram of the control device 7.
The device implementing the claimed method of moving an object in space comprises, (FIG. 5) an object 1, an electromagnetic field source 2, a conductor 3 rigidly connected to the object 1, a current source 4, a phase comparator 5, a phase shifter 6, a control device 7. A conductor 3 is located in the electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic field source 2. The two inputs of the phase comparison device 5 and the two inputs of the phase shifter 6 are connected respectively to the two outputs of the current source 4, the two outputs of the phase shifter 6 are connected to the two leads of the conductor 3, the input of the control device 7 is connected to the output of the comparator Phases 5, and its output is connected to the control input of the phase shifter 6. The conductor is made in the form of a winding of a wire whose turns are of rectangular shape and is located in space in such a way that two winding fragments with a current in the opposite direction are perpendicular to the plane formed The direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field, and the distance between these fragments, measured along the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field, is equal to an odd number of lengths of half-waves of the electromagnetic field.
The phase comparison device 5 comprises (FIG. 6) a measurement conductor 8, an amplitude limiter 9, an amplitude limiter 10, a phase detector 11, wherein the measurement conductor 8 is connected via the amplitude limiter 9 to the first two inputs of the phase detector 11, the two inputs of the amplitude limiter 10 are inputs Device, and its two outputs are connected to the second inputs of the phase detector, the output of the phase detector 11 is the device output.
The control device 7 comprises an adder 12, memories 13 and 14, a switch 15, a switch 16, the first input of the adder being an input and its output being the output of the control device, the memory 13 are connected to the second input of the adder 12 By the switch 15, and the memory 14 is connected to the third input of the adder by the switch 16.
The device can be made using the following known elements.
Electromagnetic field source 2 - electromagnetic field generator (Savelyev IV Course of General Physics, Vol. II, Electricity. -M .: Nauka, 1970, p.413-414, 403).
Conductor 3, measuring conductor 8 is a conductor made of a conductively conducting material.
Source of current 4 - source of alternating current (Handbook on the basics of radar technology., Edited by VV Druzhinin., Military Publishing House, 1967, p. 244-246).
Phase Shift 6 - is made in the form of a phase section with a bridge connection (Handbook on radar., Edited by M. Skolnik, -M., Sov.radio, 1977, p.261-262).
Amplitude limiter 9 and 10 - amplitude limiter-amplifier (Handbook of the fundamentals of radar technology., Edited VV Druzhinina., Military Publishing House, 1967, p.226-228).
Phase Detector 11 - Phase Detector (Handbook of the fundamentals of radar technology., Edited by VV Druzhinin., Military Publishing House, 1967, p.385, Fig. 8.35).
The adder 12, memory devices 13, 14, switches 15, 16 are standard digital devices (Integrated Circuits., Reference book edited by Т.V.Tarabrin, -M .: Radio and Communications, 1984).
The claimed device operates as follows.
The source of electromagnetic radiation 2 creates in the required direction an electromagnetic field with frequency . The positions of the magnetic and electrical components of the electromagnetic wave are constant in space and time. The conductor 3 is located in the electromagnetic field of the source 2 and in it, by means of a current source 4, an alternating electric current is produced with a frequency P. In the measuring conductor 8 of the phase comparison device 5, which is located in the same electromagnetic field, a current is excited, proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field. The electric oscillation from the output of the measuring conductor 8 is amplified to a standard value in the amplitude limiter 9 and is supplied as a reference signal to the first two inputs of the phase detector 11, two electric inputs are supplied to the electric oscillation limited by the amplitude limiter 10 to a standard value from the output of the current source 4 The voltage from the output of phase detector 11, proportional to the phase difference 
Current in the conductor 3 and current in the measurement conductor 8 is supplied to the control device 7 where a control signal is generated for the phase shifter 6. This control signal is proportional to the angle 
, Defined in the adder 12 in accordance with the expression:
Where 
, N - the number of disks when the force acting on the conductor changes, it is equal to the number of memory 13;
= 0 or , Depending on the direction of movement of the object (from the source of the electromagnetic field or to it, respectively).
In each of the n pieces of the memory 13, 
K. Connecting with a switch 15 of a storage device, provides a change in the value 
K , and hence the control of the magnitude of the force acting on the conductor.
Memory 14 stores and stores a value equal to . Depending on the position of the switch 15, this value can be added in the adder 12 to the value 
In the expression (11). This selects the direction of the force acting on the conductor, and hence the direction of movement of the object 1.
Thus, the control device 7 generates a control signal for the phase shifter 6, which, in fact, is a signal controlling the movement of the object.
The phase shifter 6 under the control signal changes the phase of the current j P supplied to the conductor 3. As a result of the interaction of the magnetic component of the field H and the current j P, the fragments of the conductor 3 are acted upon by forces that cause the conductor 3 and the rigidly coupled object 1 to translate in accordance with With the parameters selected in the control unit 7.
Thus, the claimed device allows to significantly increase the force acting on the conductor located in the electromagnetic field and to provide any trajectory of the movement of a rigidly connected object without changing the size and shape of the field source.
CLAIM
A method for moving an object in space based on the action of an electromagnetic field on a conductor rigidly coupled to a movable object, characterized in that the conductor is arranged in space such that it or its fragment intersects the plane formed by the electromagnetic field propagation vector and the magnetic component vector of this field , While an alternating current is created in the conductor with a frequency equal to the frequency of the electromagnetic field, set at the beginning of the motion and supported during the transfer of the phase of the current in the conductor such that its difference from the phase of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field in absolute value lies in the interval (0,
) When moving an object in the direction from the field source or was in the interval ( , 2 ) As it moves toward the source of the field. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor is made in the form of a winding of a wire whose turns are of rectangular shape, the conductor being arranged in space in such a way that the two winding fragments in which the current of the opposite direction flows are perpendicular to the plane formed by the vector The propagation of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field, and the distance between these fragments, measured along the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field, is equal to an odd number of lengths of half-waves of the electromagnetic field.
A device for moving an object in space, comprising an electromagnetic field source, a conductor rigidly coupled to the object and located in the electromagnetic field of that source, and a current source, characterized in that a measuring conductor, two amplitude limiters, a phase detector, a phase shifter, a control device, With two inputs of the phase shifter and two inputs of one amplitude limiter connected respectively to two outputs of the current source, two outputs of the phase shifter are connected to two conductor leads, two outputs of the measuring conductor are connected to two inputs of another amplitude limiter, the outputs of the amplitude limiters are connected to the inputs of the phase detector, Which is connected to the input of the control device, the output of which is connected to the control input of the phase shifter, the conductor and the measuring conductor are made in the form of windings of wire whose turns are of rectangular shape and are arranged in space in such a way that the two fragments of each of the windings whose current has the opposite Direction were perpendicular to the plane formed by the propagation vector of the electromagnetic field and the vector of the magnetic component of this field, and the distance between these fragments, measured along the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field, is equal to an odd number of lengths of half-waves of the electromagnetic field.
print version
Date of publication 31.10.2006гг
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