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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2246035
IONIC MOTOR OF CATHKIN
Applicant's name: Koshkin Valeriy Viktorovich (RU)
The name of the inventor: Koshkin Valeriy Viktorovich (RU)
The name of the patent owner: Koshkin Valery Viktorovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 117335, Moscow, ul. Garibaldi, 21, building 6, ap.55, V.V. Koshkinu
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.05.30
The invention is intended for use in the field of space technology as stationary ion engines, as well as in vacuum-plasma technologies. The space ion engine contains an ultrahigh-frequency generator (microwave), an open low-Q resonator, a reactor, a magnetic system consisting of an upper annular magnet and a lower magnetically-closed gas supply system. The thrust in the ion engine is created by the generation of a directed accelerated ion beam, the formed ions are ejected from the plasma formation zone by the positive static volume charge, formed as a result of the electrons leaving the plasma formation zone along the magnetic field lines formed by the magnetic system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of space technology, and to vacuum ion-plasma processing of materials in electronics.
A plasma motor with a closed electron drift [1] is known , comprising a discharge chamber made of a dielectric material in whose cavity an anode of a gas distributor is installed; Magnetic system and cathode compensator.
Motors of this type have a significant disadvantage in the form of high sputtering of the walls of the discharge chamber, which leads to a limitation of the working life.
The closest to the technical entity accepted for the prototype is an ion-based jet engine with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) | 2], which has a cathode-neutralizer and an accelerating electrode in the form of a grid.
The drawback of the described construction is the use of a neutralizing cathode and an accelerating grid sprayed during operation, which significantly reduces the period of use of the engine.
The technical result of the invention is a space ion engine (FIG. 1), using as a reactive thrust a dense accelerated ion flow ejected from the plasma.
This is achieved by the fact that the open quarter-wave microwave resonator (Fig. 2) automatically matches the load impedances of the plasma and the microwave generator, forms the working mode E 010, and directs the microwave radiation into the plasma formation region. The resonator, which is an input device for microwave energy, is a hollow construction in the form of a truncated cone made of copper or its alloys. From the resonance condition that the geometric dimensions of the resonator are determined by the formula:
L pez = 2R = (2p-1) 
B / 4,
Where p = 1,2 ...; B is the wavelength in vacuum [3].
The possible range of resonator tuning satisfies the relations:
2.7 
3.2R.
Taking the values
R 1 = 2 / 3.2, R 2 = B / 2.7, L = B / 2,
We obtain a resonator (Fig. 2) with a quality factor Q 0 = 9-10.
When the conductivity of the plasma and its impedance change, which is the load of the open resonator, its quality factor changes. As the conductivity of the plasma increases, the quality factor of the resonator Q 0 decreases, which leads to an automatic control of the transmission of microwave energy, allowing the use of various types of working gases and their consumption.
The ion engine (FIG. 1) comprises a microwave generator (1) located directly on the open resonator (2) adjacent to the reactor (3) through a dielectric vacuum-dense window (8). In the upper part of the reactor (3) is located a magnetic ring (4), closed from the outside with the lower magnetic ring (5) by the magnetic circuit (6).
Microwave radiation with the working mode E 010 [3] (the electromagnetic field strengths are axially symmetric) enters through the dielectric window (8) into the plasma formation zone of the reactor (3), producing ionization of the working gas.
The vector of the electric component of the electromagnetic wave with mode E 010 (Fig. 2) and the applied magnetic field in the plasma formation zone form an orthogonal system in which the ECR is realized. At the same time, in the crossed electric and magnetic fields, the center of electron rotation [4] drifts in the direction orthogonal to [ExB].
In this case, the electron, rotating around the lines of force of the magnetic field along the cyclotron orbits, drifts along the spiral to the axis of symmetry of the system, which leads to an increase in the trajectory of the electron, thereby increasing the number of collisions with the particles, and, consequently, the degree of ionization of the working gas. Then the electron leaves the plasma formation zone following the lines of force formed by the magnetic system (Fig. 3), the magnetic poles of which are of different polarity (Fig. 1), closed by the magnetic circuit (5) from the outside of the reactor, create a magnetic field inside the reactor, Is formed by non-closed poles of the magnetic system, and only the lower component of the magnetic field formed by the upper ring of magnets (4) adjacent to the resonator is used.
The excess of ions, formed as a result of the escape of electrons, creates by its space charge the potential of a positive sign, which, acting on ions, creates their accelerated directed flow [5].
The "fast" electrons, which have received high kinetic energy from the microwave electric field, can freely leave the reactor and escape into the open space. The larger part of the electrons, coming along the lines of force to the lower annular magnet (5), is pushed out by the magnetic field to the center of symmetry in a direction perpendicular to the motion of the ion stream, where its effective neutralization occurs [6].
The ion-driven Koshkin ion batteries assembled into the battery can serve as march engines of spacecraft intended for long flights to other planets in the solar system.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2191291 dated October 20, 2000
Japanese Patent JP 2856740 B2 dated June 9, 1988
A.M. Chernushenko, etc. The design of screens and microwave devices. M .: Radio and Communication, 1990.
V.E. Golant and others. Fundamentals of Plasma Physics. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1977.
E.A. Petrov et al. A source of ionic flux from low-pressure microwave plasma. Plasma physics, vol. 17. 11, 1991, pp.1369-1382.
Edited by Yu.A. Ryzhova. Electric rocket engines. - Moscow: Mir, 1964.
CLAIM
A space ion engine comprising an ultrahigh-frequency generator (microwave) located on a resonator adjacent to the reactor and a device creating a magnetic field, characterized in that the resonator is made in the form of a truncated cone that automatically matches the impedances of the plasma load and the microwave generator forming And directing the working mode E 010 to the plasma formation region.
The space ion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device creating the magnetic field comprises a magnetic system whose magnetic poles of different polarity, closed by a magnetic circuit from the outside of the reactor, create a magnetic field inside the reactor, the contour of the lines of force being formed by non-closed poles Magnetic system, and only the lower component of the magnetic field formed by the upper ring of magnets adjacent to the resonator is used.
print version
Date of publication 14.12.2006гг
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