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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2168649
DEVICE FOR HYDROGEN ADDITIVE IN THE FUEL OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Name of the applicant: Chuvash State University. I.N. Ulyanova
The name of the inventor: Timofeev VN; Tuzov LV; Danilov IP; Alatyrev MS; Ilgachev AN; Kuzmin A.K .; Timofeev DV; Shalunova NB
The name of the patent holder: Chuvash State University. I.N. Ulyanova
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.09.29
The invention relates to engine building and can be used in vehicles. The apparatus for adding hydrogen to the fuel of an internal combustion engine comprises a mixing chamber with channels for supplying fuel and hydrogen to the mixing chamber, a channel for supplying a mixture of fuel and hydrogen to the engine cylinder from the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber contains nozzles connecting the chamber with fuel supply channels to the chamber, supplying hydrogen and a channel for supplying the mixture to the engine cylinder. The end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber to the fuel supply channel directed into the chamber is made tapering, and the end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber to the hydrogen supply channel directed into the chamber and the end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber with the fuel and hydrogen mixture supply channel to the engine cylinder directed From the chamber, are made expanding. When the fuel passes through the narrowing pipe, the fuel velocity increases, while the kinetic energy increases. An increase in the kinetic energy of the fuel causes a decrease in the pressure in the mixing chamber, under the influence of the pressure difference, hydrogen enters through the storage chamber into the mixing chamber, where the fuel is mixed with hydrogen, and its saturation occurs. The resulting mixture through the mixture channel, fuel feed pump, high pressure pump and injector is fed into the engine cylinder. Hydrogen-rich fuel ensures complete combustion. The device of hydrogen additive in fuel up to 10% is an effective means of increasing the energy-ecological parameters of the internal combustion engine. The technical result is the possibility of supplying hydrogen to the fuel at low pressure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to engine building and can be used in vehicles.
There are known devices for supplying additives to engine fuel, for example, a device for supplying a fuel-oil emulsion to an internal combustion engine (see USSR copyright certificate No. 1399491, IPC F 02 M 25/022, published 1988). The device allows to increase the economy of the engine by adjusting the ratio of fuel and water depending on the load. However, in view of the complexity of practical applications, these devices have not received.
A device is known in which hydrogen is used as an additive to liquid fuels (see DD Matievskii et al., Engine Building, No. 2, 1985, pp. 53-56) . Such additives can improve the conditions for mixture formation and combustion of diesel fuel, and as a result, it is possible to achieve savings in hydrocarbon fuels and reduce smoke and toxicity of the exhaust gases.
The main element of the system where the liquid fuel is saturated with hydrogen is a device containing a mixing chamber with channels for supplying fuel and hydrogen to the mixing chamber and a channel for supplying a mixture of fuel and hydrogen to the engine cylinder.
The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a device for adding hydrogen to the fuel of an internal combustion engine, comprising a mixing chamber with fuel and hydrogen supply channels to the mixing chamber, a channel for supplying a mixture of fuel and hydrogen to the engine cylinder from the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber comprising nozzles, Connecting the chamber with fuel supply channels to the chamber, supplying hydrogen and a channel for supplying the mixture to the engine cylinder (see USSR copyright certificate No. 1002644, IPC F 02 M 25/10, published in 1983) .
The disadvantage of this device is the insufficiently efficient operation of the device.
The claimed invention solves the problem of creating an apparatus for adding hydrogen to the fuel of an internal combustion engine, which allows hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel of the engine, for example from an electrolytic cell under low pressure.
The technical result achieved in this case is the possibility of supplying hydrogen to the fuel at low pressure. Depending on the load of the diesel, the required amount of hydrogen can be obtained directly by decomposing water during engine operation. This technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for adding hydrogen to the fuel of an internal combustion engine comprises a mixing chamber with channels for supplying fuel and hydrogen to the mixing chamber, a channel for supplying a mixture of fuel and hydrogen to the engine cylinder from the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber comprising nozzles connecting the chamber With the channels for supplying fuel to the chamber, supplying hydrogen and supplying the mixture to the engine cylinder, and the end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber to the fuel supply channel directed into the chamber is made tapering, and the end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber to the hydrogen supply channel directed to the chamber , And the end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber to the channel for supplying a mixture of fuel and hydrogen to the engine cylinder directed from the chamber is made expanding.
The device may further comprise a storage hydrogen chamber connected to the device for obtaining the necessary amount of hydrogen associated with the engine load sensor.
FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an apparatus for adding hydrogen to the fuel of an internal combustion engine
FIG. 2 - mixing chamber with branch pipes
The device comprises a storage chamber 1, a hydrogen supply channel 2, a fuel supply channel 3, a fuel supply port for hydrogen 4, a mixing chamber 5, branch pipes 6, 7, 8, a non-return valve 9, a fuel feed pump 10, a high pressure pump 11 , An injector 12, an engine 13, an electrolysis cell 14, a load sensor 15, a power supply 16, and a control unit 17. The nozzle 6 has a constriction, i. Is performed with a certain taper, the end of the reduced diameter is connected to the mixing chamber, and the end of the large diameter to the fuel channel. Similarly, the nozzles 7 and 8 are tapered, respectively, the reduced diameter of the branch pipe 7 is connected to the mixing chamber 5 and the large diameter end to the fuel mixture channel 4, the reduced diameter 8 is connected to the hydrogen channel 5 and the large diameter end to the mixing chamber 5. As the cross-section of the nozzle 6 is reduced in length, therefore, as the fuel passes through the nozzle 6, its speed gradually increases. The kinetic energy thus increases, reaching the highest value at the outlet of the fuel from the nozzle 6 to the chamber 5. The increase in the kinetic energy of the fuel causes a decrease in the pressure in the chamber 5, under the influence of the pressure difference in the chamber 5, hydrogen is supplied from the storage chamber 1 through the non-return valve 9 to the mixing chamber 5, where it is captured by a jet of fuel flowing at high speed from the nozzle 6 and mixing and saturation of the fuel with hydrogen occurs.
The mixture of fuel and hydrogen enters the expanding branch pipe 7 and then along the channel 4, through the pumps 7, 8, the injector 12 enters the cylinder of the engine 13.
When the engine is not running, there is a small amount of hydrogen in the storage chamber 1, produced by the electrolyzer 1 before the engine is stopped. This hydrogen presents no danger to its storage and serves to start.
Electrolysis cell 14, where hydrogen production takes place by direct decomposition of water or by other means, is connected to a control unit 17 which is connected to a load sensor 15 and a power supply 16. Depending on the load, for example, the effective power Pe, the control unit 17 supplies the necessary energy to An electrolyzer in which the desired amount of hydrogen is produced, for example up to 10% of the mass of the fuel consumed. When the engine is not running, the flow of liquid fuel to the hydrogen storage chamber 1 is prevented by the non-return valve 9.
The device for adding hydrogen to the fuel of an internal combustion engine operates as follows.
After starting the engine, the fuel system starts to work, and at the same time the electrolysis cell 14 starts to work, which, depending on the load, starts to produce hydrogen according to the set program, respectively, the hydrogen obtained through the channel 5 enters the storage chamber 1, from there it is sucked into the mixing chamber 5 through the non-return valve, Mixing and saturation of hydrogen in the fuel. The mixed hydrogen foams the fuel and the mixture obtained through the channel 4 enters the fuel feed pump 10, then the fuel is injected into the engine cylinder and fully burned into the high pressure fuel pump 11 and the injector 12.
When the engine load increases, the cell increases the production of hydrogen and, accordingly, there is an increase in the hydrogen additive for a given program, for example, up to 10%.
When the engine load is reduced, hydrogen is added to the fuel in the reverse order.
Thus, the addition of hydrogen to the fuel of the internal combustion engine in small amounts - up to 0.1% of the mass of fuel can be used as an effective means of increasing economic and environmental performance in all diesel vehicles.
CLAIM
A device for adding hydrogen to the fuel of an internal combustion engine, comprising a mixing chamber with fuel and hydrogen supply channels to the mixing chamber, a channel for supplying a mixture of fuel and hydrogen to the engine cylinder from the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber comprising nozzles connecting the chamber to the fuel supply channels to the chamber , Supplying hydrogen and a mixture supply channel to the engine cylinder, characterized in that the end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber to the fuel supply channel directed into the chamber is made tapering, and the end of the branch pipe connecting the chamber to the hydrogen supply channel directed into the chamber and the end of the branch pipe , Connecting the chamber with the channel of supply of a mixture of fuel and hydrogen into the cylinder of the engine directed from the chamber, are made expanding.
The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a storage hydrogen chamber connected to the device for obtaining the necessary amount of hydrogen associated with the engine load sensor.
print version
Date of publication 24.12.2006гг
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