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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2133845
Rotary internal combustion engine
Name of applicant: Laptev Evgeny Vasilievich; Laptev Dmitry E.
Name of the inventor: Laptev Evgeny V.; Laptev Dmitry E.
The name of the patentee: Laptev Evgeny Vasilievich; Laptev Dmitry E.
Address for correspondence: 443002, Samara, Lenin, d.2a, kv.105, Laptev EV
Starting date of the patent: 1998.03.11
The invention relates to the field of engine and can be used in the automotive, shipbuilding and other fields tractor where internal combustion engines are used. The technical result - increase of engine power and simplify the management system of dampers. A rotary internal combustion engine comprises a housing with an inner cylindrical cavity and the combustion chamber, provided with overlapping passageways rotor and damper system mounted in the housing and the grooves in contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor. The inner cylindrical cavity is divided into separate compression and expansion chamber, communicating with each other through an even number of equally spaced along the circumference of the combustion chambers, the rotor consists of a shaft mounted on a common and arranged in the cavities of the compression and expansion discs. On the outer surfaces of the discs are made of alternating cylindrical parts segmental cutouts. Disks are unfolded from each other so that each segmental recess opposite one another is cylindrical portion. The flaps are placed in pairs near each of the internal combustion chamber, one of the valves of each camera is set in the compression chamber, and the other in the expansion cavity.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of engine and can be used in the automotive, shipbuilding and other fields tractor where internal combustion engines are used (DIC).
In modern engine-known rotary internal combustion engines of various types. They can be divided into rotary piston, rotary vane and rotary engines actually. Rotary-piston engines contain pistons and cylinders, which are combined into a single unit or as a multi star or in the form of a drum. In radial engines, each piston has a clip, based on the working path, Rout as "eight" on a stationary power ring, and in the center of the body is stationary spool for supplying the working mixture in the cylinders. The drum-type engines the pistons in the cylinders are moving towards each other, forming working chambers of variable volume, while their forward motion is converted into rotary motion of the shaft by means of "skew" washers. The rotary vane internal combustion engines are the primary elements of the blade, which divide the cylindrical body cavity into four closed volume. For the implementation of these thermodynamic processes of the blade must perform complex movement, which is in addition to the rotational movement and of similar movements of scissors. Have a simpler design proper rotary internal combustion engines, in which the variable working volumes for thermodynamic processes formed working surfaces of the rotor and the housing. Such motors have an internal cavity or complex shape and the simple rotor, such as a Wankel engine or a cylindrical internal cavity and the rotor complicated design with moving pistons (see, for example, a book Gus'kova Unusual engines GG - M..: Knowing 1971 aut. St. of N 1518555, cl. the F 02 B 53/00, 1989).
The main drawback of known rotary-piston and the actual rotary internal combustion engine is small their operational life due to rapid wear of the working surfaces, due to the presence of high centrifugal forces acting on the engine operating elements. The disadvantages of the known rotary engine proper, in addition, may include work and unreliable seals inconvenient shape of the combustion chamber, a complicated shape or complicated internal cavities of the rotor structure. The main disadvantage of rotary vane internal combustion engines is a complex vane control system.
This is largely free of the disadvantages mentioned rotary engines with the cylindrical inner cavity of the rotor and simple, variable working volumes for thermodynamic processes which are formed by means of profiling the outer surface of the rotor and damper system installation in the slots of the housing.
The closest in technical essence is a rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing having an inner cylindrical cavity and the combustion chamber, provided with overlapping passageways rotor and damper system mounted in the housing and the grooves in contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor. In the middle part of the rotor of said motor a projection entering the annular groove body, which is the working chamber of the engine. The flaps are divided into a front, a back, a separation and have a control mechanism, which is provided with a pusher, and two double-armed levers is kinematically interconnected with flaps, the pusher installed in the housing cavity for engagement with the outer surface of the rotor, and the isolation valve is hollow in the form of spool valve to overlap the inlet duct (see. RF patent N 2008468, cl. F 02 B 53/00, 1991).
The main disadvantages of the described internal combustion engine may include a complex flap control system and low power due to the fact that in one revolution of the rotor in this motor performed only one working cycle.
The aim of the present invention is to improve and simplify engine output control system valves.
This object is achieved in that a rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing having an inner cylindrical cavity and the combustion chamber, provided with overlapping passageways, a rotor and a system of valves installed in grooves housing and in contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor, the inner cylindrical cavity is divided into separate cavity of compression and expansion, communicating with each other through an even number of equally spaced along the combustor circumference, the rotor comprises mounted on a common shaft and arranged in cavities of the compression and expansion of the disks on the outer surfaces of which are made of alternating cylindrical portions segmental recesses which, together with shutters form a variable working volumes for thermodynamic processes and the number of which is half the amount of combustion chambers, discs are unfolded from each other so that the front of each segmental recess one located cylindrical part another flap pairs arranged around each combustion chamber, wherein one of the flaps of each pairs set in the compression chamber and the other in the expansion cavity.
the motor housing can be made collapsible, consisting of a central element with the combustion chambers and passageways, the stator elements forming the inner cylindrical cavity of the compression and expansion with slots for installing dampers, and the end caps with the attachment locations of the rotor shaft, and between the contact elements of the housing and rotor sealing rings can be installed.
The flaps may be biased, are provided with overlapping inlet-output channels and are in the form of two adjoining profiled movable plates, between which are formed channels for supplying lubricant.
To improve the efficiency and environmental performance of the engine working volume in the expansion chamber can be made higher than in the compression chamber.
In order to provide air cooling of the motor rotor may be provided with wheels mounted at an angle to the axes of their ribs and vents may be formed in the inner parts of the central element and the side covers of the housing.
Separation of the inner cylindrical cavity of the housing into separate cavities compression and expansion, communicating with each other through an even number of equally spaced along the combustor circumference, the rotor of the installed on a common shaft and arranged in cavities of the compression and expansion of the disks on the outer surfaces of which are interspersed with cylindrical portions segmental recesses which, together with the flaps form variable working volumes and the number of which is twice less than the number of combustion chambers discs turn so that the front of each segmental recess one located cylindrical part another pairwise arrangement flaps around each combustion chamber, attaching a flap of each pair in the compression chamber, and the other in the cavity expansion allows several times to increase the engine power by increasing the number of cycles made by one revolution of the rotor, and simplify the management of valves to a minimum as it does not require any mechanisms for its implementation, in addition to the springs, the pressing their external surfaces shaped rotor. The number of cycles per revolution of the rotor and thus the rate of increase of engine power depends on the number of combustion chambers. With two cameras in one revolution of the rotor is made in the proposed engine two operating cycle, with four chambers - eight, with six - eighteen, etc.
Implementation of the motor housing collapsible can significantly simplify the technology of its production, and the implementation of the two flaps of profiled plates - just enough to provide lubrication of the engine working surfaces.
Performing the working volume in the expansion chamber greater working volumes in the compression chamber allows the engine operating thermodynamic cycle-expansion, which makes it possible to significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, to provide exhaust gas release at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, to lower the exhaust gas temperature and reduce the emission of harmful substances.
proposed a four-engine carburetor apparatus embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2 where the arrows indicate the movement of the working mixture.
A rotary internal combustion engine comprises a housing 1 with an inner cylindrical cavity and the combustion chamber 2 provided with overlapping passageways 3, 4 and ignition sources 5, a rotor 6 and a system of valves 7 and 8 installed in the slots of the body 1 and in contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor 6 .
The housing 1 is made collapsible, composed of a central member 9, two stator elements 10, 11 with grooves for mounting flaps 7, 8 and two end caps 12 with mounting locations 13 of the rotor shaft 6. The stator elements 10 and 11 form a cavity independent compression and expansion, communicating with each other through four equally spaced along the circumference of the combustion chamber 2 of the central member 9 with bypass channels 3 and 4, and between the contact elements of the housing 1 and the rotor 6 are mounted sealing rings 14.
Rotor 6 comprises two mounted on a common shaft 13 and arranged in the cavities of the compression and expansion discs 15 and 16, respectively, on the outer surfaces of each of which is formed by two alternating cylindrical portions segmental cutout, which together with the flaps 7, 8 form a variable working volumes for thermodynamic processes. Wheels 15 and 16 are unfolded from each other so that each segmental recess opposite one another cylindrical portion positioned.
The flaps 7 and 8 have the same structure and are designed as spring-loaded movable profiled plate 17 and contacting, and 18, between which are formed channels 19 for supplying lubricating fluid, overlapping channels 20 are provided with the intake-output pairs and arranged around each combustion chamber 2. In this flap 7, each pair mounted in the compression chamber and the damper 8 - in the expansion cavity.
The working volume in the cavity due to the greater extension of the rotor disc 16 width 6 are made longer than the working volume in the compression chamber.
Wheels 15 and 16 are provided with a rotor mounted at an angle to their axes of ribs 21, and in the inner parts of the central member 9 and side cover 12 of the housing 1 made ventilating windows 22 and 23.
The engine operates as follows.
In each combustion chamber opposite the rotor 6 rotates two turns are the segmental recesses, the cylindrical portion 15 and the disk 16. When before any combustion takes two segmental cutout cam disk 15, the damper 7 in the compression chamber is lowered, its inlet-outlet port 20 from the rear side is opened, the bypass channel 3 from the combustion chamber 2 is open and the bypass passage 4 by the cavity side of the compression chamber is closed cylindrical extension part of the disc 16, the expansion valve 8 in the cavity is raised, its intake-output channel 20 is closed. At this time, the decreasing working volume formed by segmental cutaway 15 before valve disc 7, a compression mixture, admitted in it during the passage of the previous damper 7, and its injection into the combustion chamber 2 through the bypass channel 3. At the same time increasing the working volume of the flap 7 is made of fresh inlet charge working mixture through its open channel 20. When following a segmental cutaway portion of the disk 15 in the rotation process reaches the combustion chamber 2 is considered, mixture compression work ends and a passageway 3 overlaps the cylindrical portion of the disk 15 for the duration of its passage by combustion chamber 2. The flap 7 rises, its channel intake-output 20 is blocked. At the time of overlapping the passageway 3 or more earlier the ignition of combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 2 and an ignition source 5 starts the process of combustion. By this time, before the consideration of the combustion chamber 2 is segmental cutout disk 16. The flap 8 in the cavity expansion is lowered, its inlet channel 20 and-release passageway 4 of the combustion chamber 2 are opened and the expansion process begins formed by burning combustible mixture of gases in the increasing volume of work, formed for the valve 8. in the process of expansion is done useful work on the rotation of the rotor 6. at the same time made the release of the exhaust in the previous operating cycle of the combustion chamber 2 of gas decreasing working volume front flap 8 through its open channel intake-output 20. The expansion continues until, while segmental cutout disc 16 reaches the next valve 8, through channel 20, which is produced by the release of exhaust gases in this operating cycle.
When the rotor 6 mounted at an angle to the axes drives 15 and 16 stiffening ribs carry air pumping through the ventilation windows 22 and 23 of the central member 9 and side cover 12 of the housing 1, providing air cooling of the engine, and through channels 19 formed in the butterfly valves 7 and 8 continuously supplied lubricity performance liquid surface of the rotor 6.
Since each segmental cutout disks 15 and 16 for one revolution of the rotor 6 through the four combustion chambers 2, and these cutouts in the above embodiment, the engine of two, then for one revolution of the rotor 6 will be performed eight intake strokes, compression, expansion and exhaust of the working mixture, m .e. the number of complete cycles made by one revolution of the rotor 6 will be equal to eight.
Possible engine and an embodiment in which overlapping inlet-release channels formed in the side covers 12 of the housing 1. The inlets into the compression cavity when placed behind this flap 7 and the outlet from the expansion chamber - in front dampers 8, allowing gas exchange simplify the circuit and reduce hydraulic resistance at the inlet-release of the working mixture.
Similarly constructed and operates the engine at any other number, and combustors may be used in carburettor and diesel versions. In the embodiment in diesel working volumes of air admitted into the compression chamber and an ignition source instead of the injector 5 are set for fuel injection.
Because of the complete symmetry of the engine is well balanced, has no colliding elements and virtually noiseless.
Performing the working volume in the expansion chamber greater working volumes in the compression chamber allows the engine operating thermodynamic cycle-expansion, which makes it possible to significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, to provide exhaust gas release at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, to lower the exhaust gas temperature and reduce the emission of harmful substances.
Increasing the efficiency of the engine is possible not only through the implementation of its cycles-expansion, but also by providing the combustion of the working mixture at a constant volume, which is particularly effective for the diesel engine variant and can be easily reached by diversity in time the moment of closing passageways cameras combustion chamber side opening of the compression and expansion by the cavity.
The engine contains a small amount of creating friction elements, resulting in a low percentage of mechanical losses.
Using the present invention provides the following advantages:
several times higher specific power than prior art motors;
high engine power at low revs of the rotor;
high torque on the motor shaft;
long service life due to low wear of the working surfaces of the engine;
small size, a simple structure of the engine and its basic elements;
a simple system of engine lubrication of working surfaces;
high thermal efficiency and effective;
minimal engine noise.
CLAIM
A rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing having an inner cylindrical cavity and the combustion chamber, provided with overlapping passageways, a rotor and a system of valves installed in grooves housing and in contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor, characterized in that the inner cylindrical cavity is divided into separate compression chamber and extension communicating with each other through an even number of equally spaced along the combustor circumference, the rotor comprises mounted on a common shaft and arranged in cavities of the compression and expansion of the disks on the outer surfaces of which are made of alternating cylindrical portions segmental recesses which, together with the flaps form variable working volumes for thermodynamic processes and the number of which is twice less than the number of combustion chambers wheels are unfolded from each other so that the front of each segmental recess one located cylindrical part another flap pairs arranged around each combustion chamber, with one flap of each pair is set to the compression chamber and the other in the expansion cavity.
A rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor housing is collapsible, central element consisting of a combustion chamber and bypass channels, the stator elements forming the cylindrical internal cavity and the expansion and compression slots for installation having flaps and side covers with attachment locations of the rotor shaft, and between the contact elements of the housing and the rotor installed ring seals.
A rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring-loaded valve, are provided with overlapping inlet-output channels and are in the form of two adjoining profiled movable plates between which channels are formed for supplying a lubricating fluid.
A rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working volumes of the expansion cavity is greater than the working volume in the compression chamber.
A rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor disks are mounted at an angle to their axes of ribs, and the inner parts of the central member and side cover housing vents formed.
print version
Publication date 24.12.2006gg
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