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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2122128
Internal combustion engine with a two-phase stroke
Name of applicant: Abdulin Valery Uzbakovich
Name of the inventor: Abdulin Valery Uzbakovich
The name of the patentee: Abdulin Valery Uzbakovich
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1997.05.06
The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine, and can be used as a power plant in a variety of vehicles (boats and ships, cars, trucks, buses and pr.), and in mobile sources of energy (diesel generators, compressors and etc.). The proposed engine for each cylinder pair contains an additional cylinder in which the combustion gases expand and perform mechanical work. Gas-dynamic diagram of the engine makes it possible to construct a new mechanism to obtain a significant improvement in profitability. The invention provides increased efficiency through more complete utilization of the thermal energy of the combustion in the operating cycle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine and may be used as power plant in various vehicles (boats and ships, cars, trucks, buses and so on.), And in mobile power sources (diesel generators, compressors and etc.).
Known classic 4-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE), which consists of a crank mechanism, a pair of piston (a piston in the cylinder), mixing device and timing (Polytechnic Dictionary. Ch. Ed. Acad. II Artobolevsky. M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1976, p. 132). In the cylinder during rotation of the crankshaft turns occur 4 cycles: intake, compression, combustion of mixture with the performance of useful mechanical work (eg, stroke), and finally release.
The disadvantage of the device - the process is not sufficiently effective use of fuel-burning energy.
Known internal combustion engine and comprising a pair of cylinders with reciprocating pistons and a head in which is placed the gas distribution valve provided with a common cylinder for both combustion chamber and connected to the crankshaft of the engine (N sm. AS 828780, cl. F 02 B 41/02, 1982). Implementation of cylinders of different sizes and offset crankshaft crank smaller volume of the cylinder in the direction of advance at work pass rotation on 9 - 72 o with respect to the crank cylinder larger volume can improve the internal combustion engine efficiency by ensuring the continuation of the expansion of the combustion products.
This unit is closest to the proposed (available from the fund) and taken as a prototype.
The disadvantage of the device - the complexity of ensuring the necessary tightness of the slide mechanism with high heat loads and pressures inherent in this node constructive complexity of lubrication sliding surface in the area of the slide windows.
The purpose of the invention - to increase the efficiency of the reciprocating internal combustion engine.
To achieve this proposed internal combustion engine with a 2-stroke phase (hereinafter - the internal combustion engine with a 2-phase PX), which differs from the known reciprocating internal combustion engine having an extra cylinder in which the combustion products come with the movement of the piston in the master cylinder.
DVS design with 2-phase circuits PX is explained (see. FIG. 1, Fig. 2). The apparatus consists of a turbo pump 1, one or more groups of cylinders, each of which are two major and one additional (expansion) with reciprocating pistons movable in them kinematically connected with a common crankshaft. Thermodynamic processes in the main cylinders can occur both on the Diesel cycle and Otto cycle (ie. E. Gasoline, 4-stroke), the phase difference between them is 360 o. Working gas from each main cylinder which is a leading group in turn, enters the auxiliary with a difference of 360 o rotation of the crankshaft, figure timing is exactly the same with respect to each of the main cylinder, and therefore to determine the work group is sufficient to consider a scheme of gas exchange only one primary with the additional cylinder. The master cylinder 2 (in the second circuits not shown) and additional pistons 3 are 4 and 5, which through connecting rods 6 and 7 are respectively connected by a common crankshaft 8. The ratio of the working volumes of the auxiliary cylinder to the main denote 
Interconnected cylinders in the cylinder head bypass pipe 9, which has a complex shape, via the bypass valve 10. In order to better mixing of the mixture is especially important for a diesel cycle, the overflow pipe 9 has the form of a circular channel disposed around the valve spindle 10. It is composed of from the inner wall surface of the cavity and the bypass valve plate 10. The phase difference between the processes in the primary and secondary cylinders is 
degrees. This means that after a master cylinder piston 4 is seen a top "dead center" (TDC hereinafter), an additional piston cylinder 5 will take place after the TDC crank angle 8 ( <180 o). The main cylinder is provided with an inlet valve 11. The additional cylinder - the exhaust valve 12 and relief valve 13 to work with the second main cylinder.
The proposed internal combustion engine with a 2-phase PX operates as follows. The initial state is the position of the piston at TDC 4, in the working cylinder is not working mixture (see. Fig. 3). The crankshaft rotates. After the piston TDC opens inlet valve 11. When the piston down the cylinder enters the air (a mixture - for gasoline cycle). Upon reaching the BDC the piston valve 11 is closed, "inlet" is over. The crankshaft continues to rotate, the piston moves up, the air in the cylinder is compressed and displaced into the bypass pipe 9, which is a combustion chamber. Air (mixture) enters the cavity at an acute angle to the axis of the channel and it starts to circulate. This tact - "compression". Near TDC in the bypass pipe 9, fuel is injected (with carburettor cycle - the mixture is ignited). It burned and heated gas after the passage of the piston TDC expands this cycle - "stroke". Stroke is divided into two phases. The first phase runs from the TDC position of the piston to the crank angle of 8 (See. FIG. 1). During the movement of the piston 4 down the hot gas through the crank mechanism does useful mechanical work. We call the next phase - "bypass" (see FIG 2..). At this point, an additional 3 cylinder piston 5 reaches top dead center, opens the valve timing mechanism 10 through bypass tube 9 both cylinders are communicating. The piston 4 moves downwards until reaching the BDC, and then up. The piston 5 moves downward. The total volume of the volume above the piston in the cylinders 2 and 3 increases continuously until the crankshaft angle 
the internal energy of the working fluid through the piston and crank mechanism is converted into mechanical energy of rotation of the crankshaft 8. After turning the crankshaft angle Phase "bypass" ends. Opens the valve 12, "issue" begins. Upon reaching the top dead center piston 4 closes the valve 10. Details in the master cylinder, is a leading, we came to the starting position, gas-dynamic cycle it closed. The main cylinder is ready for tact "inlet". In a further release cylinder 3 continues until reaching TDC of the piston 5. At this point, the valve 12 is closed, gas-dynamic cycle it closes. Additional cylinder is ready to start through the hot gas bypass valve 13 and 2nd main cylinder, has become the master.
List of figures:
FIG. 1 is a kinematic diagram of the internal combustion engine with a 2-phase PX in the first phase of the cycle, "stroke"
FIG. 2 is a kinematic diagram of the internal combustion engine with a 2-phase PX in the second phase of the cycle
"Stroke" - bypass
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of an internal combustion engine with a 2-phase PX.
The proposed design of the internal combustion engine to reduce the ratio of the volume of the main cylinder 
increasing 
(I.e. the ratio of the pressure inside the cylinder at the end of the induction stroke to atmospheric) using supercharging air (mixture) in the intake manifold, which charge at constant power means less basic geometrical dimensions of the cylinder and associated parts and, as a consequence, downsizing moving and stationary parts in the most strained (mechanically and thermally) site without compromising performance efficiency internal combustion engines with 2-phase PX.
Comparative analysis analogues and the prototype has shown that the claimed device is different organization of the thermodynamic cycle of the engine, namely, there is collaboration primary (master) and the additional cylinders during the expansion stroke, using the cavity of a complicated configuration in the cylinder as a bypass tube and chamber combustion mixture with vigorous stirring. Thus, the apparatus meets the criterion of "novelty" and "significant difference".
The disadvantage is the complexity of a design of the engine associated with an increase in the number of cylinders.
When equal to the engine of conventional design, the ICE power charge with 2-phase PX will have the following advantages:
a) better utilization of thermal energy of combustion of fuel due to the prolonged expansion of the combustion products, the reduction of heat loss through a more optimal construction of a gas-dynamic cycle (combustion in maloizmenyaemom volume, stroke with a relatively rapid change in volume);
b) reduction of the geometric dimensions and mechanical loads on the main cylinder and the drive components (reallocation between primary and secondary cylinder), which will increase the reliability and life of the engine as a whole, ceteris paribus;
c) for stroke torque on the shaft changes more smoothly as a result - reduced wear of transmission components, increasing reliability of its work, ceteris paribus;
g) because the internal energy of the working gas in the production of smaller and the release time more simplified device acoustic noise suppression (ie, mufflers and resonators).
ICE structure with two-phase PX does not require the use of additional techniques for the production, fundamentally new design elements (electric, hydraulic, chemical, etc.), Other lubricants, and other fuels, expensive to manufacture, or rare materials, and can be used with even greater efficiency all the improvements of traditional internal combustion engine (microprocessor control, the use of ceramics, injection timing and multivalve arrangements al.).
CLAIM
Internal combustion engine comprising at least one pair of cylinders with reciprocating pistons, kinematically connected with a crankshaft of the engine, the cylinders are made of different volumes, one cylinder is provided with air intake bodies and the second - gas exhaust, and the crank of the crankshaft of the first cylinder is shifted advancing along the direction of rotation at an angle , Characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency through better use of the heat of combustion energy in tact stroke involves leading and additional cylinders, valves, connecting them, opens on reaching the corner ( <180 o) after passing through the piston in the master cylinder top dead center and the combustion chamber located in the cylinder head has an annular channel shape, positioned around the passageway axis, combines the function of the bypass pipe, wherein the additional cylinder pipes connected to the two main cylinders, which are leading in turn through the rotation of the crankshaft by an angle of 360 o.
print version
Publication date 26.12.2006gg
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