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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2143347
POWER INSTALLATION FOR THE VEHICLE
Applicant's name: VOIR Council NGO Molniya
The name of the inventor: Sayenko VI; Arutyunov SG; Gusinsky I.I.
The name of the patent owner: VOIR Council NPO Molniya
Address for correspondence: 123459, Moscow, ul. Novoposelkovaya, 6, Council of VOIR NGO "Molniya"
Date of commencement of the patent: 1998.06.03
(EN) The invention relates to transport engineering and can be used in buses and other passenger and passenger-and-freight cars, which are operated mainly in urban conditions. The power plant comprises a steam engine with a closed steam circuit in which a water tank, a feed pump, a steam generator, a double-acting multi-cylinder double-expansion steam engine and an air-cooled condenser, a transmission connecting the steam-expansion machine to the driving wheels of the car, are installed in series. The transmission is made of hydraulic with a closed hydraulic circuit including a tank with working fluid, reversible reversible hydraulic motors according to the number of driving wheels of the car and double-acting piston pumps according to the number of cylinders of the steam-expansion machine, the piston pumps are installed in tandem with the cylinders of the steam-expansion machine, and the pistons of the latter are connected to the corresponding ones Pistons of hydrotransmission pumps with straight-run rods. The technical result of using the invention consists in increasing the efficiency of transferring mechanical energy from the steam engine to the wheels of the car.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to transport engineering and can be used in buses and other passenger and passenger-and-freight cars, which are operated mainly in urban conditions.
The use of a steam engine in power plants for automobiles is considered as an alternative to a piston internal combustion engine, since such a replacement provides a significant reduction in the content of toxic substances in the exhaust gases of the power plant, since cyclic combustion of fuel in the cylinders of a piston engine is replaced by steady burning of fuel in the steam generator.
A power plant for a car is known, comprising a steam engine with a closed steam circuit with a steam-expansion piston machine connected through a mechanical transmission with the wheels of the car. In the steam circuit of said power plant, a water tank, a feed pump, a single-tube steam generator, a piston steam expansion machine, a heat exchanger-recuperator and an air-cooled condenser are successively installed (see U.S. Patent No. 3,818,699, cl. 60/665, F 22 D 1/28, 1974 ) . The control system of the steam generator provides sufficient throttle response to meet the operational requirements of urban transport. In this power plant, the author used to convert the energy of steam into mechanical energy and transfer it to the wheels according to the standard way of using the crank-piston piston machine and the mechanical transmission, which reduces the efficiency of using the power plant.
Also known is the power plant for the car, developed by SAAB (Sweden) . The installation contains a steam engine with a closed steam circuit with a steam-expanding rotary blade machine, connected via a mechanical transmission with the wheels of the car. In the steam circuit of the said power plant, a water tank, a feed pump, a steam generator, a rotary steam-expansion machine, a heat exchanger-recuperator and an air-cooled condenser are successively installed (see The hot spot. "Light steam power." Vol. 24, No. 3, p. 178 -182, 1975) . This power unit has acceptable economic characteristics and good environmental parameters. Just like in the previous example, the developers followed the standard path of using the mechanical transmission, which increased the weight of the power plant and made it uncompetitive compared to internal combustion engines.
The closest to the claimed invention for a set of essential features is the power plant for a car, designed by the Australian engineer E.Pritchard and described in the article: The steam car - fact and fantasy. "Light steam power". Vol. 21, No. 2, p. 58-65, 1972. The power plant contains a steam engine with a closed steam circuit with a steam-expanding V-shaped double-cylinder crank-piston double-action machine connected via a mechanical transmission with the wheels of the car. In the steam circuit of the said power plant, a water tank, a feed pump, a single-tube steam generator, a piston steam-expansion machine, a heat exchanger-recuperator and an air-cooled condenser are successively installed. The use of a double-acting steam-expansion piston machine has made it possible to significantly improve the torque characteristics of the power plant at start-up and when the vehicle is moved from its place. In this power plant the cylinder volume is better used, since the two-cylinder steam-expansion machine is equivalent in size to the working volume of a simple four-cylinder engine, but has less weight. However, the use of the crank mechanism and mechanical transmission significantly increases the weight of the power plant and reduces its efficiency due to losses in the transmission and difficulty in controlling the speed of movement. In addition, the crank mechanism is highly accurate in manufacturing its parts, which reduces the processability of the installation.
The objective of the claimed invention is to create a power plant for a car using a steam engine with a wide regulation of the range of power consumption, while maintaining the nominal specific fuel consumption and with an increased efficiency of transferring mechanical energy from the steam engine to the wheels of the car. An additional task, the solution of which is directed to the claimed invention, is the creation of a power plant for a car with increased manufacturability and lower cost. Another task, the solution of which is directed to the claimed invention, is the creation of a power plant for a car with increased efficiency when used in urban conditions, where frequent changes in speed, stop and repeated starting of the car are required.
The technical tasks are solved in that in a power plant for a car comprising a steam engine with a closed steam circuit in which a water tank, a feed pump, a steam generator, a double-acting multi-cylinder double-expansion steam engine and an air cooled condenser and a transmission connecting the steam expansion machine With the driving wheels of the car, according to the claimed invention, the transmission is hydraulic, with a closed hydraulic circuit including a working fluid tank, reversible reversible hydraulic motors according to the number of driving wheels of the car and double-acting piston pumps according to the number of cylinders of the steam expansion machine, said piston pumps being installed in tandem with the cylinders Steam expansion machine, and the pistons of the steam expansion machine are connected to the respective pistons of the hydrotransmission pumps by the straight-run rods.
In addition, reversible reversible hydraulic motors can be installed in the hubs of the drive wheels of the car, forming with them motor-wheels.
The power plant can be equipped with a hydraulic energy recuperator connected to the high-pressure transmission line of the hydrotransmission.
The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the introduction of a hydraulic transmission with reversible reversible hydraulic motors and double-acting piston pumps in the number of cylinders of the steam expansion machine enables the piston pumps to be installed in tandem with the cylinders of the steam-expansion machine and directly connect their pistons with the pistons of the steam-expansion machine with straight-run rods. This makes it possible to control the power of the engine by changing the number of simultaneously operating cylinders of the steam expansion machine and reciprocating pumps, maintaining this power closest to that consumed in accordance with the nature of the vehicle's motion. Maintaining equality or close correspondence of the indicated capacities ensures the operation of the power plant at nominal modes for specific fuel consumption in the entire range of capacity control of the power plant. The use of hydraulic transmission allows reducing the friction losses typical for mechanical transmissions. The direct connection of the pistons of the hydrotransmission pumps to the pistons of the steam expansion machine with straight-run rods will allow to abandon the crank mechanism and significantly improve the processability of the power plant.
The supply of a power unit with a hydraulic energy recuperator connected to the high pressure line of the hydrotransmission provides increased efficiency when used in urban conditions, since it allows you to accumulate energy during braking and give it away during acceleration. This does not require significant changes in the hydraulic transmission.
The technical result of using the claimed invention is to reduce the specific fuel consumption during the operation of the car, especially in urban conditions.
The applicant does not know the power plants for cars with the specified set of essential characteristics and the claimed set of essential features does not explicitly follow from the current state of the art, which confirms that the claimed invention meets the criteria "novelty" and "inventive step".
The figure shows a block diagram of the proposed power plant.
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The power plant for the car contains a steam engine with a closed steam circuit. The steam circuit has a steam generator 1 producing superheated high-pressure steam, which is fed through a shut-off valve 3 through a high-pressure steam pipe 2 to a double-acting multi-cylinder piston steam expansion machine 4. The exhaust steam is diverted through the low-pressure steam line 5 through the recuperative heat exchanger 6 and the air-cooled condenser 7 where it passes into liquid state and merges into the water tank 8. To intensify the cooling of the condenser 7, a fan 9 is used. Water from the water tank 8 by means of a feed pump 10 Is returned to the steam generator 1 through the recuperative heat exchanger 6. In a simplified embodiment, the recuperative heat exchanger 6 may be absent. Each cylinder 11 is equipped with controlled switch valves 12 and 13, respectively installed on the supply and discharge steam lines. The steam generator has a housing with a combustion chamber 14 in which two coils 15 and 16 are serially connected. When bleed through the coils 15 and 16, the water is converted to steam which enters the high-pressure steam pipe 2. For the intensification of processes, the steam generator is equipped with a fan 17, and the incoming air passes through the heat exchanger 18, blown by the exhaust gases. The steam generator also has a heat exchanger 19 for preheating the fuel before it is fed into the nozzle manifold 20. The fuel consumption is controlled by the valve 21. |
The power plant has a hydraulic transmission for driving the driving wheels 22 of the car. The hydraulic transmission has a closed loop. The working fluid is pumped through the circuit by piston pumps 23 of double action, the number of which corresponds to the number of cylinders 11 of the steam-expansion machine. Piston pumps 23 are installed in tandem with the cylinders of the steam expansion machine. The pistons 24 of the steam expansion machine are connected to the respective pistons 25 of the pumps 23 by the forward spindles 26. At the outlet and at the inlet of the piston pump cylinders, the switch valves 29 and 30 are respectively installed on the high pressure 27 and low pressure lines. To the high pressure line 27 through the switch valve 31 reversible hydraulic drives 32 (for example, the hydraulic drive MRO-1,6 of the NATI structure or the hydraulic drive of the MPF-400 developed by the Lyudinov bus plant) are integrated into the hubs of the leading automobile wheels 22, forming a motor-wheel with them. The spent liquid is drained through the switch valve 33 through a line 34 to the tank 35 and returns through the low pressure line 28 to the piston pumps 23.
The power plant is equipped with a hydraulic energy recuperator in the form of a piston hydraulic accumulator 36 connected to the high-pressure line 27 through a switch valve 37.
The power plant has an auxiliary hydraulic drive 38 for rotating the generator 39 that generates electric power to illuminate the passenger compartment of the bus and drive auxiliary units, for example electric motors 40, 41 and 42 rotating respectively the feed pump 10 and fans 9 and 17. The steam circuit of the plant is equipped with a bypass conduit 43 with a valve 44 connecting the outlet from the coil 16 to the low-pressure steam pipe 5.
The proposed power unit works as follows. The feed pump 10 takes water from the water tank 8 and feeds it to the coils 15 and 16, where water is converted into high pressure steam. Steam through the high-pressure steam line 2 through the shut-off valve 3 and the switch-valves 12 is supplied to the cylinders 11 of the steam expansion machine 4. Expanding, the steam moves the pistons 24. The developed force through the rods 26 is transmitted to the pistons 25 of the pumps 23 which, through the switch valves 29, Liquid, for example silicone oil, into the high pressure line 27. The high pressure working fluid is supplied via a switch valve 31 to reversible hydraulic actuators 32 built into the hubs of the drive wheels 22. The spent liquid is drained via line 34 into the container 35 and returned through the low pressure line 28 through the switch valves 30 to the piston pumps 23. Part Of the working fluid is supplied to the hydraulic drive 38 which rotates the generator 39, generating electric power for the auxiliary systems, in particular the electric motors 40, 41 and 42 for driving the feed pump 10, the blower 9 for blowing out the condenser 7 and the fan 17 in the steam generator 1.
When the vehicle brakes, the reversible hydraulic actuators 32 operate in the pump mode and pump the working fluid from the tank 35 through the switch valve 37 into the piston accumulator 36, converting the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle into the potential energy of the liquid at high pressure. When the vehicle is accelerated, the hydraulic fluid from the accumulator is pumped through the hydraulic drives 32, returning the stored energy and increasing the economy of the power plant. Increasing the economy of the power plant is facilitated by the presence of heat exchangers 18 and 19 for heating air and fuel with the heat of exhaust gases, and heat exchanger 6 for preheating the water with waste steam.
The power of the power plant is determined by the flow rate of steam, its pressure and temperature and can be controlled by changing the flow of water and fuel. The number of cylinders 11 of the steam expansion machine used is determined by the required power and can vary. At idle speed, a part of the steam passes through the bypass line 43, which allows to keep the optimum operating mode of the steam generator.
The claimed invention can be manufactured by industrial method using modern materials and technologies, which confirms its industrial applicability.
POSSIBILITY OF REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
INFORMATION SOURCES
CLAIM
A power plant for a car comprising a steam engine with a closed steam circuit in which a water tank, a feed pump, a steam generator, a double-acting multi-cylinder double-expansion steam engine and an air-cooled condenser and a transmission connecting the steam-expansion machine to the driving wheels of the car are successively installed, That the transmission is made hydraulically with a closed hydraulic circuit including a tank with working fluid, reversible reversible hydraulic motors according to the number of driving wheels of the car and double-acting piston pumps according to the number of cylinders of the steam expansion machine, said piston pumps being installed in tandem with the cylinders of the steam expansion machine, and the pistons of the steam expansion machine Are connected to the respective pistons of the hydrotransmission pumps with straight-run rods.
The power plant for an automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that reversible reversible hydraulic motors are mounted in the hubs of the driving wheels of the car, forming motor-wheels with them.
The power plant for an automobile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is provided with a hydraulic energy recuperator connected to the high pressure line of the hydrotransmission.
print version
Date of publication 27.12.2006gg
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