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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2097627
ENGINE DOCHKIN VG WITH EXTERNAL COMBUSTION, WORKING ON THE CLOSED ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN AND HIGH-ECONOMIC CYCLE
Applicant's name: Vyacheslav G. Dochkin
The name of the inventor: Vyacheslav G. Dochkin
The name of the patent holder: Vyacheslav G. Dochkin
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.12.05
Use: railway locomotives, tractors, combines, trucks, shipbuilding, autonomous power plants, construction equipment, installation for the conversion of thermal energy into other types of energy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The external combustion engine consists of a working cylinder with a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a combustion chamber, an auxiliary piston, a heat exchanger-utilizer of a rechargeable battery filled with a heat-filled filler and a steam pipe with a cylinder. The value of the engine power is regulated by the change in the fuel supply and the change in the supply of the working fluid by the auxiliary piston. The residual heat of the combustion products is utilized in the heat exchanger for heating the air supplied to the combustion chamber.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to power plants that convert thermal energy into mechanical energy.
Use of the invention: in railway locomotives, tractors, combines, heavy vehicles, in shipbuilding, in power plants for generating electricity, in various power plants for the highly efficient use of heat to convert it into other types of energy.
Existing internal combustion engines with a high degree of their manufacturability for mass production and widely used in various fields of application have a number of significant drawbacks. The main of them are: a) relatively low efficiency; B) toxicity of exhausts, leading to environmental pollution (environmentally impure); C) increased noise characteristics, creating in the zones of their application discomfort for the population; D) a strictly defined type of fuel, on which they are able to work.
To a large extent, some of the external combustion engines previously proposed and operating according to the Stirling, Erickson and Brighton cycles have substantially these disadvantages (for example, US Pat. No. 3,867,816, US Pat. No. 3,995,431, FR No. 2,512,881, FR No. 2,411,301) .
However, in these engines, a satisfactory constructive solution to the heat exchangers is hampered, since it is necessary to deal with gas-to-air heat exchangers (the working substance is gas and the cooling agent is air). As a rule, the efficiency of such heat exchangers is low, and the dimensions are cumbersome compared to the engine itself.
The proposed invention proposes the design of an external combustion engine operating on a working body undergoing a two-phase transformation of the liquid vapor in a cycle. At the same time, the phase transitions of the working fluid take place in a compact thermal bulk storage reagent with a special filler. The specified accumulator-regenerator performs simultaneously the functions of the evaporator and condenser.
Due to the fact that the working elements of the motor cycle occur with phase transitions of the liquid vapor liquid and this occurs throughout the cycle, the aggregates are compact and the efficiency of the cycle is high.
 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engine according to the invention (cross-section) |
 FIG. 2 diagram of the duty cycle |
FIG. 3 a non-return valve (11 in Figure 1)
FIG. 4 design of the auxiliary piston
FIG. 5 cam (10 in Figure 1)
The motor structure is shown in Fig. 1. The engine consists of a working cylinder 1 with a piston 2, a mechanism that converts the translational motion of the piston into a rotational movement of the power shaft in this case of the connecting rod 3, the crankshaft 4, the crankcase 5, the oil pan 6, the combustion chamber 7, the regenerative accumulator 8, Piston 9, cam 10, double check valve 11, compensation tank 12, cooling radiator 13, steam line 14, heater cover 15, heat exchanger 16, air pump 17, oil pump 18, circulating pump 19, cooling fan 20, spark arrestor-neutralizer 21, drive gears of auxiliary units 22.
The check valve 11 is designed for two purposes: replenishing the working fluid of the accumulator-regenerator 8 from the compensation tank 12 and limiting the maximum cycle pressure. It consists of a housing 24, a low pressure valve 25 with a low pressure spring 27 with a plate 29 and a nut 30, a high pressure valve 26 with a high pressure spring 28 and a nut 33, a heel 31 and a start lever 32.
The auxiliary piston consists of a body 34, a spool 35, a sleeve 36 with a lever 41, a support roller 38 with an axis 37, sealing rings 39, an antifriction bearing washer 40.
The geometry of the cam 10 (variant) consists of a cylindrical surface of the minimum radius R min , a transitional cylindrical lifting surface m 1 m 2 made with a maximum radius R max . All surfaces are joined by a docking radius r st 0.25 R min . The descent roller surface of the auxiliary piston n 1 n 2 is made and with a maximum radius R max .
The engine operates according to the cycle depicted in FIG. 2 in the coordinates P V.
The beginning of the process of engine operation takes place in the following sequence.
At the beginning of the cycle, the working piston 2 is in the upper position, and the auxiliary piston 9 is in the lower position and stands on the surface of the cam 10 with a small radius at the beginning of the lifting surface along the cam 10 for a large radius. The volume above the auxiliary piston 9 and the lower end of the filler of the accumulator-regenerator 8 is filled with a liquid working fluid entering through the check valve 11 from the compensation tank 12.
The operation of the valve 11 is clear from the drawing. The starting mode is carried out by turning the lever 32 counterclockwise, pressing it on the heel 31 and opening the valve 25, whereby the engine working cylinder 1, the heater 15 and the regenerating accumulator 8 are connected to the compensation tank 12 before entering the optimum temperature mode. After reaching the required temperature, the lever 32 rotates clockwise and the engine is ready for operation.
When the working piston 1 starts to move downward, the cam 10 rotates and the auxiliary piston 9 rises rapidly over the surface of the cam to a large radius, feeding a portion of the liquid working fluid to the regenerating accumulator 8. The filler of the regenerator 8 has a temperature in the lower zone equal to the lower limit Temperature, i. Cold, and in the upper zone is close to the upper limit, i.e. Hot.
The auxiliary piston works as follows.
The roller 38 of the spool 35, climbing along the cam 10, raises the spool inside the sleeve 36. In the sleeve 36 there is inside the spiral groove "a", in the spool 35 the hole "b" with the lateral entrance. When the arm 41 is rotated by the sleeve 36, the groove "a" changes its position relative to the bore "b", thereby changing the position of the message of the piston-space "d" through the groove "c" with the compensation tank. Accordingly, the value of the supplied working fluid through the battery in the working cylinder varies.
When passing through the filler of the accumulator-regenerator 8, the working body, taking heat from the filler, passes into a gaseous state and then passes through the steam line 14 to the zone of the lid heater 15 where it reaches the upper temperature limit and performs work by acting on the working piston 2. When By passing through the regenerator 8, the working medium, changing the aggregate state, increases the pressure (Figure 2) from the current 1 along the diagram to point 2, while the working piston 2 makes a very small fraction of its stroke. As it passes through the heater 15, the working medium performs the process indicated by line 2 3 in the diagram (Figure 2). In section 2 3 of the diagram, the working piston performs more than half of the full stroke. After point 3 of the diagram, the auxiliary piston 9 descends quickly over the surface of the cam to a small radius, while the liquid part of the working medium passes from the accumulator-regenerator 8 into the supernumerary space of the auxiliary piston 9, returning the portion of the working fluid to the liquid state. At this time, when the working piston 2 continues to move downward, the working medium in the vapor phase starts to move through the steam line 14 to the regenerator 8, moving from the hot layers to the cold ones, condenses and transfers partially to the liquid phase, giving heat to the filler of the accumulator-regenerator 8 and reducing Pressure (from the diagram in Figure 2) from point 3 to point 4. At this time, most of the working fluid passes into the liquid phase, giving heat to the filler of the regenerator battery 8. The remaining smaller part of the working fluid in the vapor state is driven by the working piston 2 into the cold Zone of the accumulator-regenerator 8 when it moves from the lower position up (in the diagram line 4 5). At point 5, the entire working medium passes into a liquid state, giving up residual heat, and with further movement of the working piston, it cools in space above the auxiliary piston 9 by means of a liquid working fluid from the expansion tank circulated by pump 19 through a radiator 13 that is cooled by ambient air With the help of the fan 20. At this the work cycle ends.
The non-return valve 11 allows the lower pressure to be restored from the compensation tank 12 (corresponding to point 1 of the diagram in Figure 2). The design of the valve 11 (Figure 3) provides for limiting the overestimated pressure at point 3 of the cycle diagram by discharging the liquid working fluid into the compensation tank 12. The combustion chamber 7 in the external combustion engine is constructed in a structure capable of operating both liquid and solid fuels.
The heat exchanger-heat exchanger 16 is intended for heating the air supplied by the fan 17 to the combustion chamber. Heat exchanger 16 recovers the heat remaining after passing the hot gases of the combustion chamber after the heater 15. The cooled gases (combustion products) are sent to the spark arrestor neutralizer 21. Since combustion takes place practically at atmospheric pressure, the aggressive exhaust gases that are generated at high pressure in the internal combustion engines Combustion (for example, nitrous oxide), is not formed. Therefore, the neutralizer is quite simple.
When creating a multi-cylinder engine, regenerative batteries, heaters, auxiliary pistons and cams acting on the auxiliary pistons must be in the design individually for each working cylinder.
The remaining aggregates can be common for the whole group of cylinders.
CLAIM
An external combustion engine operating on a working body with a variable state of aggregation in a closed cycle, containing a working cylinder with a piston, a mechanism that converts the translational motion of the working piston into rotary motion of the power shaft, an auxiliary cylinder with a piston, a combustion chamber, a heater, a steam pipe, A compensating tank, a circulation pump, characterized in that it is provided with a cam connected to a power shaft and arranged to interact with a piston of the auxiliary cylinder, an air supply fan to the combustion chamber, a heat exchanger for the heat of combustion products associated with a heater and a combustion chamber filled with A heat-consuming filler by the accumulator-regenerator connected to the auxiliary cylinder and the steam pipe through the heater with a working cylinder and intended to change the aggregate state of the working fluid from the liquid to the steam and vice versa, and the cooling radiator, the compensation tank and the circulation pump are serially connected to the auxiliary cylinder in a closed loop.
print version
Date of publication 28.12.2006гг
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