Basic rules of the grammar of the Russian language

1. Complex words with the elements:

   Auto-	radio-	Bio-
   Air-	a photo-	Zoo-
   Aero-	Weather-	Agro-
   Bicycle-	Strereo-	neo-
   mono-	Electro-	micro-
   cinema-	hydro-	macro-

2. Complex words with the first verb part on -I:
   Goricvet, daredevil.
   Exception: rolled-field.

1. Complex names, terms:
   Dynamo car, prime minister.
2. Compound names of political parties:
   Anarcho-syndicalism
3. Complex units of measure:
   Gram-calorie, ton-kilometer.
   Exceptions: workday, work hour.

• The impudent endings of the names of adjectives are checked by the question:
  About the book (which? -th, -yy) interesting.
  To a tree (which? -th, -th) high.
  Shrub (what? -th, -y, -y) prickly.
• In adjectives, in -y, -yah, -ye, -ye (fox, fox, fox, fox) in all forms except Him. And Vin. Cases. H, m before the end is written b:
  Fox, fox, fox, fox, fox.
• In adjectives formed from the names of the months, b is preserved:
  April to April
  July-July
  September to September
  Exception: January - January

Numeral

• Quantitative
  how?
  five
  ten
• Ordinal
  Which one?
  fifth
  tenth

• Simple
  three
  nine
  second
• Complex
  fifty
  seventy
  Two-hundredth
• Compound
  twenty five
  Thirty-seventh
  Fifty first

Declination of compound quantitative numbers

Compound numerals, denoting integers, incline all words from which they consist.

Declination of fractional numbers

3 - numerator: numerical numerals
-
5 - denominator: ordinal number

When the fractional numerals are declined, both parts change: the numerator is inclined as an integer, and the denominator is an adjective in the plural.

Declination of collective numbers both

The declination of a number of one and a half, a hundred and fifty

B at the end and in the middle of the numerals

Remember:

• In the middle of L is not written
  fifteen
  sixteen
  seventeen
  eighteen
  nineteen

• Personal
  I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they.
• Returnable
  Yourself
• Interrogative
  Who? what? Which one? whose? which the? how?
• Relative
  Who, what, what, whose, which, how much, what.
• Negative
  Nobody, nothing, no one, nothing, nothing, nobody, a few.
• Possessive
  My, your, your, our, your, its, her, them.
• Indicative
  That, this, such, such, is, so much, this (obsolete).
• Certain
  All, every, every, self, any, other.
• Undefined
  Someone, something, some, some, some ...

NE-, NI- in negative pronouns

• NOT stressed
  Somebody
  there is nothing
  Nowhere
  There is nobody
  There is no need
• Without stress
  no one
  nothing
  Nowhere
  To no one
  No way
• Merged in the absence of a preposition
  There is nobody
  No one
  There is nothing
  nothing
• Separately if there is a preposition
  No one with whom
  No one
  about nothing
  never

Conjugation of verbs is determined in an indefinite form.

Conjugation of modern verbs

Features of conjugation of some verbs:

1. From the verb to defeat the 1st person unit. Number is not formed.
2. 1st and 2nd person units And many others. H. Wed. From the verb is not used.
3. Flexible verbs to want, to escape, to shine:
   Wants, wants - according to I spr. ..;
   Want, want, want - on the IInd;
   Run, run, run, run - on the IInd;
   Run - on the I cont.;
   Shaves - according to the first;
   Brezzhut - II ref.

The letter b is written:

• In an indefinite form:
  Wash - wash
  Cherish
• In the end of the 2nd person units. H .:
  Please - rejoice
• In the imperative mood after consonants:
  Suspension - weigh
• In the return particle (suffix), which is after the vowel:
  Learn
  Come back
  Disappeared

Communion as a special form of the verb

Which one? Which one? What? what kind?

Declination of the Sacraments

True and Passive Communions

• The actual participles denote the sign of the thing that produces the action:
  The sun that warms the earth.
• Passive participles signify a sign of that object which experiences not the action of another object:
  Earth, heated by the sun.

Actual past participles

Present-day suffering sacraments

Passionate past participles

Participial

The book, written by a famous writer , came out of print.
The book written by the famous writer came out of print.

NOT with Sacraments

-H-, -HN- in the suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives

Vowels before -H-, -NH- in participles and verbal adjectives

The vertebrate as a special form of the verb

Participial turnover

After singing the song to the end , the wounded began to sing it at first.
The dove, seeing the children , flew up.
He was writing something , bending his head .

The gerunds of the imperfect species

1. With a basis consisting of some consonants:
   Sew, pour, press, weave;
2. With a base on r, k:
   Run, flow;
3. With the basis of the present time on the hissing and with the base neopr. Forms on s, c, st, x:
   Smear - smear.

Adverb

Degrees of comparison of adverbs

Spelling of vowels at the end of adverbs

B at the end of adverbs
After the sibilants at the end, adverbs are written:
Away, jump, not be able to, backhand.
Exceptions: so, in marriage, unbearable.

-H-, -HH- in adverbs to -O (-E)

NOT and NO in adverbs

Spelling of adverbs through a hyphen

• Adverbs with a prefix on-uh, -em, -ski, -ki, -y
  differently
  to my mind
  in English
  Wolf-like
  Exceptions:
  Therefore, why, why, therefore.
• Adverbs with a prefix of the (c-), formed from ordinal numbers
  At first
  Secondly
  third
• Adverbs with suffixes are either something or other,
  something
  Elsewhere
  Somehow
  Somebody
• Adverbs formed by the repetition of words (single-root or synonymous)
  Barely
  exactly the same
  a little bit
  After all
  In keeping with

• Prefix + adverb
  Without ceremony
  forever
  day after tomorrow
  From outside
• Prefixes on, в- + collective numeral
  In two
  Doubly
  Threesome
  BUT:
  Two by three, three
• Prefix + pronoun, full. Attached. (Not starting with a vowel)
  In a draw
  however
  often
• Prefix + short adjective
  Dry
  Accented
• Prefix + noun, where between the prefix and the noun, you can not insert a definition
  Ford
  Sneakily

• The noun preserved some case forms
  Squat
  Abroad (abroad)
  BUT:
  Inside out
  Singly (alone)
  Hastily (not to haste)
• Between nouns. And a preposition can be inserted in the definition
  In moderation (in full measure)
  On a gallop (at full gallop)
  To death (until death)
• Preposition B + beings., Adj., Starting. With a vowel
  hugging
  point blank
  In shock
• Prepositions B, HA + noun in the sentence. The case.
  But days
  On joys
  In the dark
• The noun is used in figurative meaning
  To the nines

• Pretext
  • Non-derivative prepositions
    Without, in, before, for, for, from, to, on, over, about, about, from, to, under, before, when, about, from,
    From behind, from ...
  • Derived prepositions
    • Adverbial prepositions
      Near, inside, around, around, ...
    • Conventional excuses
      By, through, through, by, ...
    • Pretexts
      Thanks, including, except, after, starting (c), ...
• Union
• Particle

1. Do not change.
2. Do not have an independent lexical meaning.
3. They are not members of a sentence.

Unions

• Writing
  • Connecting
    And, yes (= и), not only ... but also, too, and ... and, neither ... nor, as ... and so
  • Advocative
    But, yes (= but), but, but, nevertheless, however, still
  • Separating
    Or, or ... or, either, or ... either, then ... then, either ... either, not that ... not that
• Subordinate
  • Explanatory
    What, how, how, ...
  • Temporary
    When, only, hardly, ...
  • Targeted
    So that, in order to, ...
  • Conditional
    If, if, if, ...
  • Intentional
    Although, albeit, let it ...
  • Comparative
    As if, as if, like
  • Causal
    So, so, ...
  • Consequences
    so that

Spelling of unions

Particle discharges

• Modal particles
  • Interrogative:
    Is it really so?
  • Exclamation:
    How, what for;
  • Restrictive:
    only;
  • Indicative:
    Behold, there;
  • Amplifying:
    Nor, in fact, all the same, even;
  • Clarifying
    Namely, just.
• Form-forming particles
  Would (for the formation of a conditional mood):
  Let him, let him, yes, come on, -a (for education, you'll have an inclination):
  Happened to be (for the formation of special forms of the past tense).
• Negative particles
  not
  Nor

• Through a hyphen:
  That,
  -or,
  Something,
  -a,
  -talk,
  -from,
  -de,
  Something (co-),
  -taki (after adverbs, verbs and with words all the same, so-so)
• Apart:
  The same (g)
  Would (b)
  Whether (l)
  As if
  Say
  as if
  For sure
  After something follows an excuse (with someone)
  after all
  Pier
• Remember:
  In the same way, the same, the same, immediately, all the same, to the same, that-that-f.

Relationship of words in the phrase

Offer types

• By the purpose of the utterance
  Narrative
  Interrogative
  Incentive
• By the presence of secondary members of the proposal
  Common
  Unrequited
• By structure
  Simple
  Complex
• By composition
  Two-piece
  One-part
• By intonation
  Exclamatory
  Non-exculpatory
• By the nature of the attitude towards reality
  Affirmative
  Negative

• Simple verb
  • A verb in the form of any inclination:
    In the blue sky the stars shine .
  • Phraseological combination:
    Lost his temper
    Hits the buckets
    Resented
• Composite verb
  • Auxiliary verb + an undefined verb form
    Vladimir began to worry greatly.
• Compound registered
  • Verb-bundle + nominal part
    The weather was good .
    The village where Eugene was bored was a charming place .

• Dash is put
  • N. - n.
    The book is the source of knowledge.
  • Number. - number.
    Five eight is forty.
  • Neopr. F. A verb is a non-verb. F. Verb, noun. - unspecified F. A verb, neopr. F. Verb - noun.
    To live is to serve the motherland.
    An excellent position is to be a man.
  • Before the words this, that's what it means
    The main thing is the desire to learn.
• Dash is not put
  • Personal pronoun noun
    He's a skeptic.
  • The predicate has a negation of NOT
    Poverty is not a vice.
  • How, exactly, like a predicate
    This garden is like a forest.
  • Predicate
    Kostya is now a student.

Secondary members of the proposal

• Supplement - answers questions of indirect cases, denotes an object.
  The children said (about what?) About animals.
• Definition - answers the questions of what? Whose ?, signifies the subject.
  We saw a rare (what?) Bird.
• Circumstance - answers the questions where? where? as? ..., indicates a sign of an action or other characteristic.
  The guests came together (when?) The day before.

Types of single-sentence sentences

• The main term is the predicate
  • Definitely-personal: the predicate is a verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person of units. Or pl. Number.
    I'm waiting for news from you.
  • Indefinite-personal: the predicate is a verb in the form of the 3rd. Plural Nast. And bud. Wed. And in the form pl. Past. Wed.
    They knock at the door.
  • Impersonal: with the predicate there is no subject.
    It's getting dark .
• The main term is the subject
  • Named: there is only a subject.
    Quiet evening .
    Winter .

Pine, birch, larch surrounded the clearing.

1. Answer one common question for them:
   what?
2. Same sentence members (like members):
   Subordinate
3. Relate to the same sentence member:
   Surrounded
4. Equal to each other and linked together by a cohesive link:
   Pines (and)
   Birch (s)
   Larch

Generalizing words for homogeneous terms of the sentence

• Colon
  1. After the generalizing word before homogeneous terms (sometimes here words are put somehow, namely, for example):
     {(*): (), (), ()}.
     Snow covered everything: trees, houses, and haystacks.
     {(*), Such as: (), (), ()}.
     {(*), namely: (), (), ()}.
     {(*), eg: (), (), ()}.
     I need some tools, for example: a hammer, a file, a hacksaw.
  2. Before listing, one-shot. Members in business and scientific speech:
     The plenum decided:
     1)...
     2) ...
• Dash
  1. After homogenous. Before generalizing the word:
     {(), (), () - (*)}.
     The table, the chair, the chairs - everything was in disarray.
     {(), (), () - in a word, (*)}.
     {(), (), () - in a word, (*)}.
     {(), (), () - shortly speaking, (*)}.
     A hammer, a file, a hacksaw - in a word, I need some tools.
  2. After homogeneous members, if there is a general word ahead of them, and the sentence is not completed:
     {(*): (), (), () - ...}.
     Everywhere: on the trees, haystacks, houses - lay the snow.

Main groups of opening words

• Different feelings of the speaker in connection with the message
  Fortunately, unfortunately, to joy, to horror, unfortunately ...
• Evaluation of the degree of reality of the message (confidence, opportunity, ...)
  Of course, there can be, it seems, probably ...
• Message source
  They say, they say, in the words, in my opinion, in the opinion of ...
• Relationship of thoughts, sequence of presentation
  So, therefore, first, finally, by the way, ...
• Expression of expressed thoughts
  In a word, in general, in other words, so to speak, ...
• Appeal to draw attention to the message
  You see, do you understand, please, say, let's say, ...

The main types of complex sentences

• Allied
  • Complicated
  • Complicated
    • With subordinate qualitative
    • With subordinate circumstantial
    • With subordinate explanatory
      • Time, place, mode of action, measure and degree, causes, objectives, comparative, conditions, concessions, consequences, accessions
• Union

• The comma is put
  • Between parts of a complex sentence, connected by unions:
    And, yes (= u), neither ... nor;
    But, yes (= but), however, ...;
    Or, whether, or ... whether, ...;
    Yes, yes, and, too, also;
    That is, viz.
    The lightning flashed, and there was a thunderclap.
• The comma is not put
  • If parts of a complex sentence have a common secondary term:
    Now the May rain will be splashing and a thunderstorm will begin.
  • If there is a general subordinate clause:
    Hardly had it dawned, we were awakened and we set off.

• The comma is put
  • A sentence sentence is separated or separated by commas:
    We started when the sun rose.
  • Between homogeneous clauses of clauses, if they are not joined by co-operative unions:
    We thought that he would be late, that we could not say goodbye to him.
  • When using compound unions because, because, because instead of, while, after:
    We sat on the corner of the bastion, so that both sides could see everything.
• The comma is not put
  • Negation + union:
    He began to find out what had happened and who did it.
  • A sentence sentence = one union word:
    He promised to return, but did not say when.
  • Before the subordinate union words in particular, that is, namely, specifically:
    He got better, especially when he found out about what had happened.
  • Before the steady turnover, whatever, at all costs, as many as you like, as if nothing had happened, ...

• Consistent submission
  Ch. Before. - Prid. I st - prid. II century.
  He reached the last flight of stairs and saw that someone was sitting on the steps below the platform on which his door was facing.
• Parallel submission

  Ch. Before.

  <

  Prid. Conditional. Prid. Conditional.

  If you see him tomorrow, ask him to come and see me for a minute.
• Homogeneous submission

  Ch. Before.

  <

  Prid. Is explained. | | | Prid. Is explained.

  Olenin knew that it was dangerous in the forest that the abreks always hide in these places.

• The comma is put
  • Comparative turnover:
    Her eyes glistened, green as gooseberry.
  • Introductory combination as usual, as always, as a rule:
    On the way, as always, we ran into the cafe.
  • Application with reasons. Value:
    You, as the first love, will not forget Russia!
  • In the sentence there is a correlation. Words so, such, that, so:
    Lyceum gave Russia such people as Pushkin, Pushchin, Delvig.
  • After it should be and:
    Trees, like people, have their own destiny.
• The comma is not put
  • Before the comparative turnover is not a word, absolutely, almost, ...:
    The newspaper did not come out as usual.
  • Turnover in the structure of the predicate:
    There was a forest like a dream and snow like a dream.
  • Turnover = "in quality":
    Lensky was universally accepted as a fiance.
  • With a double alliance, both ... and ...:
    This topic is affected both in poetry and in prose.
  • Turnover from one word answers the questions like? how?
    He flew like a bird.

• (): Reason
  Love the book: it will help to understand the confusion of life.
• (): Explains
  The picture changed: the snow was standing, the moist earth was smoking.
• (): Supplements
  Suddenly I feel: someone pulls me aside.
• (): Direct question
  Tell me, the branch of Palestine, where did you grow up, where did you bloom?

• () - ()
  Quick change of events, unexpected result
  Cheese fell out - with him was a cheat.
• () - ()
  (But, but)
  Antithesis
  I have been serving for sixteen years - this has not happened to me.
• Time, condition of action - ()
  The wood is cut down - the chips fly.
• () - result, output
  (so)
  The sun is smoky - it will be a hot day.
• () - ()
  (As if, as if)
  comparison
  Molvit word - the nightingale sings.