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Products rotting organic substances (hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, nitrites and nitrates) are very harmful to fish. The presence of hydrogen sulphide in the aquarium is determined by the appearance of an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs and the turbidity of water.
Symptoms of poisoning with ammonia are darkening of the body color, disruption of coordination of movements, attempts of fish to jump out of the aquarium.
The concentration of ammonia and ammonium grows with decreasing aeration time and increasing PH. Poisoning can be avoided by frequent water changes (1/5 of the weekly portion), a decrease in the density of planting fish and a decrease in the diet of feeding.
When poisoning with nitrates, the gills turn pale, choking occurs, the fish become sluggish. It is recommended to change the water more often, do not add salt, increase the pH to 8.0 by adding soda canteen (0.5 - 1.0 teaspoon per 100 liters of water).
When poisoning with nitrites, the gills and blood of the fish become brown. Treatment consists in the introduction of methylene blue (3-4 mg / l) and table salt (2 g / l), or the use of specialized medications, in the water, the latter should be given preference.