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Everything you wanted to know about tires. Markings, type, seasonality
Tires are the main link between the vehicle and the road. On how well they are selected and installed, greatly depends on the car's handling.
Types of tires
Nearly all modern passenger car tires - tubeless (not inside the camera) and the radial structure of the framework.
In a radial tire yarns in the construction of the frame are parallel to each other, that is, do not cross in a diagonal design.
Tire tread is: a directed, non-directional and asymmetric patterns.
The directional tread pattern allows you to quickly divert water from the tire contact patch with the road and reduces the risk of floating over the water wheel (aquaplaning).
The pneumatic tire with directional tread necessarily present in the form of an arrow marking with the inscription Rotation, which indicates the correct direction of rotation. These wheels can be moved from right to left side of the machine without removing the tire from the disk. If you set the wrong bus, then a car in the rain "float" even at a low speed.
Non-directional tread design does not require any particular installation, since it is the most versatile. These tires the most affordable and thanks to its versatility has often installed on the assembly line factory.
Asymmetric tires are composed of two parts with different patterns, that is, the right hand side - "rain", the left - "dry". In such a tire sidewall inner and outer side has a different stiffness. Since the outer side has a heavy load (especially in corners), different stiffness allows asymmetric tire is better to hold on to the road.
In the asymmetric labeling of tires is always Outside and Inside (or Side Facing Out and Side Facing Inwards), which points to the inside and outside the bus. After proper installation should be visible only sign or Outside Side Facing Out. Asymmetric tires can be directed to and from non-directional tread pattern.
Low-profile tires
Do drivers prefer a dynamic driving style is very popular low-profile tires. The ratio of height to width (series) on a bus does not exceed 55% (195/55, 205/50 225/45, etc.)
Low profile tires improve vehicle handling due to a larger grip. Reduce stopping distances and improve acceleration. But at the same time have a high noise level, and stiffness and are more prone to hydroplaning.
In addition, these tires "love" only to smooth the way, as if hit by irregularities substantially increase the risk of damage to the disc. High curbs and off-road tires with better avoided.
Besprokolnye tires
Every year the world's growing number of vehicles that are equipped with tires with technology Run Flat (Run on Flat). Run Flat Technology can drive a punctured tire of 100-150 km. at speeds up to 80 km / h In such tires used reinforced sidewall that does not give it to deform even complete loss of pressure.
The most active group is promoting a new technology BMW, which are fitted with this type of tire most of its models, including models under the brand MINI.
Off-road tires
Fans of the frequent attacks on the major roads are usually used off-road type tires. Off-road tires have a very high-profile tires and a deep, thin tread. This allows the tire to bite better in the off-road and climb the slopes.
But these tires are poorly adapted to move at high speed on level ground, as deep tread badly kept road and quickly erased. In addition, it greatly increases the braking distance the car.
Seasonal tires
One major difference is the tires of their seasons.
For seasonal tires are divided into: summer, winter and all season. You and I do not wear sandals in the winter, and summer boots, as our cars do not have to ride in the winter summer tires and vice versa. It must be remembered that in the winter, the car is booted, even in the cheapest winter tires will go better than the most expensive summer wheels.
The main objective of summer tires provide maximum grip the tire, and thus the safety. Summer tires have a high index of speed and good wear resistance. However, at temperatures below 7 years old, any tire starts to freeze (dubet) and loses its grip. This leads to a significant increase in braking distance and poor handling. And then come to the aid of winter tires.
The composition of winter tires and the tire is softer than "dubeet" in cold weather. The tread of winter tires on the touch will be much softer than the summer. Main difference between winter tires - a large number of sipes - the narrow slits in the tread pattern. Thanks sipes wheel has good contact with the road even on snow and ice. But on dry pavement and air temperature above the nine winter tires begin to wear out very quickly. With the advent of spring is not necessary to delay pereobuvaniem the summer tires.
In addition, there are also studded winter tires, which are designed for harsh winters. But the use of such tires should be just in a really difficult conditions. Spikes are prohibited in many European countries, as they damage the road surface. The more that modern expensive winter tires copes with snow even without spikes. In Ukraine, the sense to put studded tires is only if you make a trip to the snow-covered regions of untreated roads, such as the Carpathians.
In snowy areas particularly sensitive to the aid of a winter tire chains may come that you must have with them when traveling on the same Carpathians. Snow chains on the wheels dress up just to overcome the low speed (up to 40 km / h) a heavy section of the road.
All season tires are a compromise solution for countries with very mild winter conditions. Roughly speaking, a tire tread half a winter, while another summer. They are inferior in quality as summer and winter tires.
Labeling
P195/55 R15 84 H - tire size
P - category of tires for passenger cars.
195 - tire width in mm.
55 - series tires (the ratio of height to its width, expressed as a percentage).
R - radial tire structure (rather than the radius of the wheel!).
15 - rim size tires (rim diameter).
84 - The index of the load on the bus - the symbol that corresponds to a certain maximum load in kg. See the table.:
| 60 ....... 250 | 74 ....... 375 | 88 ........ 560 | 102 ........ 850 | 116 ....... 1250 |
| 61 ....... 257 | 75 ....... 387 | 89 ........ 580 | 103 ........ 875 | 117 ....... 1285 |
| 62 ....... 265 | 76 ....... 400 | 90 ........ 600 | 104 ........ 900 | 118 ....... 1320 |
| 63 ....... 272 | 77 ....... 412 | 91 ........ 61 | 105 ........ 925 | 119 ....... 1360 |
| 64 ....... 280 | 78 ....... 425 | 92 ........ 630 | 106 ........ 950 | 120 ....... 1400 |
| 65 ....... 290 | 79 ....... 437 | 93 ........ 650 | 107 ........ 975 | 121 ....... 1450 |
| 66 ....... 300 | 80 ....... 450 | 94 ........ 670 | 108 ....... 1000 | 123 ....... 1500 |
| 67 ....... 307 | 81 ....... 462 | 95 ........ 690 | 109 ....... 1030 | 124 ....... 1550 |
| 68 ....... 315 | 82 ....... 475 | 96 ........ 710 | 110 ....... 1060 | 125 ....... 1600 |
| 69 ....... 325 | 83 ....... 487 | 97 ........ 730 | 111 ....... 1090 | 126 ....... 1650 |
| 70 ....... 335 | 84 ....... 500 | 98 ........ 750 | 112 ....... 1120 | 127 ....... 1700 |
| 71 ....... 345 | 85 ....... 515 | 99 ........ 775 | 113 ....... 1150 | 128 ....... 1750 |
| 72 ....... 355 | 86 ....... 530 | 100 ....... 800 | 114 ....... 1180 | 129 ....... 1800 |
| 73 ....... 365 | 87 ....... 545 | 101 ....... 825 | 115 ....... 1215 | 130 ....... 1850 |
H - The index of the maximum speed - the symbol that corresponds to a certain maximum speed. See the table.:
| 140 N ... | U ... 200 |
| P ... 150 | H ... 210 |
| Q ... 160 | 240 V ... |
| R ... 170 | W ... 270 |
| 180 S ... | Y ... 300 |
| T ... 190 | ZR ... more than 240 |
Model tire - Pilot, Potenza.
Brand - Toyo, Dunlop.
Trade mark
Country name of the manufacturer
Date of manufacture - four digits in the oval, the first two digits of the week of manufacture, the following two years of manufacturing (1808 = April 2008).
Symbols for the tires:
MAX PRESSURE (an index of internal pressure) - the maximum permissible inflation pressure in kPa.
MAX LOAD (maximum load) - the values in kg.
REINFORCED - reinforced tire or a tire with higher load carrying capacity.
TUBE TYRE - tire chamber.
TUBELESS - tubeless tire.
REGROOVABLE - the possibility of deepening the tread pattern cutting.
ALL STEEL - for tires with metallokordnym breaker and the frame.
RADIAL - Radial.
E - a sign of approval of the certificate of conformity to the rules of the UNECE.
TWI, DSI, or other symbol that indicates the location of the wear indicators.
M & S (Mud + Snow - dirt, plus snow) - winter or all season tires.
All Season - all-season tire designed for year-round use.
Rotation - directional tire rotation direction is indicated by an arrow more (do not confuse this with the arrow logo on the tire company Dunlop).
Outside and Inside (or Side Facing Out and Side Facing Inwards) - asymmetric tire, when you install that you should strictly observe the rule set tires on the drive.
Left or Right - means that the tires of this model are the left and right. If you need to install them to strictly observe the rule set tires on the car, left - left, right - right.
RAIN, WATER, AQUA (or the symbol "umbrella") - means that these tires are specifically designed for wet weather and have a high degree of protection against aquaplaning.
E (in circle) - the tire conforms to European standards ECE (Economic Commission for Europe)
DOT - U.S. compliance with safety standards.
Temperature A, B, C - heat resistance tires at high speed on the bench. (A - best value).
Traction A, B, C - capacity of the tire to the braking on a wet roadway (A - best value).
Treadwear - the coefficient of wear resistance (factor of 100 is approximately 48 thousand miles. Run)
Operation and storage of tires
Be sure to observe the required internal pressure in the tire and check it every two weeks. Pressure should match the rate specified in the instruction manual of your car, and this rule is often duplicated on the inside lid of the fuel tank hatch. Check the pressure should be only a "cold" tire, that is, before you go, not after it.
In addition, check the appearance of the tire on the sidewall of the tire should not be cuts, blisters (hernia) and cracks. Watch for tread wear, its depth under the SDA shall be not less than 1.6 mm. However, it is desirable to change the tire when the depth of 2 mm. And winter tires should be changed even at 4 mm.
In each there is the wear indicator, which is a bridge between the grooves of the tread or the figures showing the rest of the depth in mm. The place where this indicator show the symbols «TWI», «DSI». The company Michelin in the firm indicates emblem (Bibendum), or Snowflake (for winter tires).
Keep tires need to be in a cool (from +10 to +25 C), dry and dark room. Next to them there should not be any gasoline or chemicals. After dismounting tires do not forget to write on the wheels of their place of installation (front right, rear left), to later return to each wheel in its place.
Tires should be stored without a drive in an upright position, they can not be stacked or hung. In addition, about once a month to rotate the tires need a little bit to the load point was not always in one place.
Tires should be stored on disk or in a suspended horizontal (lying down) position, ie they should not be placed vertically.
The most ideal way to store tires - is to surrender them to the companies that offer service to the seasonal storage of tires. There will be a bus specially equipped room and kept all the rules. It is convenient and practical.
Hard choices
Tire technology is not standing still. Even some 10 years ago it was hard to imagine that even with a fully punched bus can safely proceed, not really decelerating. Or that winter tires neshipovannoy be confident enough to move on snow or ice.
The tire is not easy piece of rubber wound on the disc. This high-tech product, the quality of which may depend on your life.
Carefully choose new tires for his "iron" horse, the benefit of today really have to choose from. Be sure to observe the installation and operation of the bus, do not neglect their seasonal change, and your wheels will stick to the road with all his might.
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