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External structure of the lungs

External structure of the lungs.

Light , pulmo, - paired organ, is located in the chest cavity. Children have a light pale pink color, later becomes aspidum blue with bands and spots. The tissue of the lung is normal in the normal state and is finely porous on the incision.

Each, right and left, lung has the form of a truncated cone; Apex of the lung, apex pulmonis, directed upwards, into the region of the supraclavicular fossa; The base of the lung, the basis pulmonis, rests on the diaphragm. The right lung is wider than the left one, but somewhat shorter. In the lower part of the anterior edge of the left lung there is a cardiac notch of the left lung, incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri, - the place of the abutment of the heart.


In the lungs, the following surfaces are distinguished : an edge surface, facies costalis, in which the vertebral part is distinguished, pars vertebralis; Diaphragmatic surface, facies diaphragmatica; Inter-frontal surfaces, facies interlobares; Mediastinal surface, facies mediastinalis, and cardiac impression, impressio cardiaca.

The ribbed surface of the lungs is convex and often bears fingerprints. On the concave mediastinal surface there is a bay-shaped depression - the gates of the lung, hilum pulmonis, - the entry point into the lungs of the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, the main bronchus and nerves, and the place of exit of the pulmonary and bronchial veins and lymphatic vessels. The mutual relations of these formations in the gates of both lungs are not the same. At the gates of the right lung, the inferior position is occupied by the bronchus, the posterior veins are the veins, the middle is the artery. In the gates of the left lung, the inferior position is occupied by the artery, the posterior is the aviary, the middle - the bronchus.


The totality of all these formations (vessels, lymph nodes, nerves and bronchi) that perform the gates of the lungs is the root of the lung, radix pulmonis.

The places of transition of the surfaces of the lungs into each other are called margins. The lung has two edges: the lower edge, margo inferior, and the anterior margin, margo anterior.

The lung consists of lobi: the right one is made up of three, the left one is made up of two. Accordingly, in the left lung there is one oblique fissure, fissura obliqua, a deep furrow dividing it into the upper and lower lobes, lobus superior et lobus inferior. In the right lung two inter furrows, of which the upper one was called the horizontal slit (right lung), fissura horizontalis (pulmonis dextri). These furrows divide it into three parts: upper, middle and lower, lobus superior, lobus medius and lobus inferior. In the depths of the furrows, an interlobar surface is defined, facies interlobaris. The furrow between the lobes of the left lung is projected onto the thorax as a line connecting the spinous process of the III thoracic vertebra with the anterior end of the bone part of the VI rib. Furrows of the lobes of the right lung are projected onto the thorax as follows: the upper interlobar slot, being the boundary between the upper and middle lobes, corresponds to the course of the IV rib from the middle axillary line, linea axillaris media, to the sternum. The lower gap, being the boundary between the middle and lower lobes in front and the upper and lower posterior, passes along the line connecting the spinous process of the III thoracic vertebra with the cartilage of the sixth rib along the median-clavicular line, linea medioclavicularis.

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