Syntopia and skeleotopia of the right and left kidneys

Syntopia and skeleotopia of the right and left kidneys are different . The right kidney is located from the XII thoracic to the upper edge of the IV lumbar vertebra, the left kidney from the XI thoracic to the upper edge of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. The female kidneys lie on 1/2 of the vertebra below that of men. The width of the kidneys is from the lateral edge of the large lumbar muscle to the posterior margin of the transverse abdominal muscle. The posterior surface of both buds adjoins the diaphragm (upper ends): the remaining areas of the surface abut: medially to the lumbar muscle, laterally to the square muscle of the waist and the transverse abdominal muscle. Both buds are located in front of the XII rib, which extends obliquely from the long axis obliquely from the top and from the outside; The right kidney is intersected by the XII edge on the border of its upper and middle third, its uppermost part only reaches the XI edge: the left kidney is intersected by the XII rib almost in the middle of the length, and the upper outer segment is located slightly higher than the level of the XI edge.

Directly to the upper shock of the right kidney is adhered to the right adrenal gland. The right side of the liver contacts the anterior surface of the right kidney during the upper 2/3; Below the liver to the anterior surface of the right kidney is the right bend of the colon: the medial site and the gates are adjoined by the descending part of the duodenum. The anterior surface of the right kidney is covered with the peritoneum only at the site of contact with the liver.

The upper end of the left kidney is adhered to the left adrenal gland; In the area of ​​the upper third, the anterior surface of the left kidney contacts the back wall of the stomach, in the middle third - with the tail of the pancreas, which crosses the gate of the kidney in the transverse direction. To the lateral margin of the left kidney, over its upper half, the spleen is due. The lower third of the anterior medial region of the left kidney is turned into the left mesenteric sinus and comes into contact here with the jejunal loops, the left bend of the colon is located along the anterolateral area of ​​the left kidney. The anterior surface of the left kidney in the areas of contact with the stomach, spleen and jejunum is covered with the peritoneum.

The kidneys are susceptible to various anomalies of development and position. Especially the position of the right kidney is variable, due to the lowering of the large intestine. Sometimes, instead of two, there is one kidney located in the pelvis; In some cases, there is an arched or horseshoe-shaped kidney - the kidneys fused with the lower ends.

Innervation : plexus renalis (derived from plexus celiacus), formed by the branches of n. Vagus and truncus sympathicus. Sensitive innervation is carried out from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nodes.

Blood supply : a. Renalis (aorta abdominalis branch). Venous blood flows out by v. Renalis in v. Cava inferior. Lymphatic vessels carry lymph to the nodi lymphatici lumbales.