Brachial bone

The humerus , humerus, is a long bone. It distinguishes between the body and two epiphyses - the upper proximal and the lower distal. The body of the humerus, corpus humeri, is round in the upper part, and trihedral in the lower one.

In the lower part of the body, the posterior surface is distinguished, the facies posterior, which is peripherally bounded by the lateral and medial margins, margo lateralis et margo medialis; Medial front surface, facies anterior medialis, and lateral anterior surface, facies anterior lateralis, separated by a barely noticeable crest.

On the medial anterior surface of the humerus body , somewhat below the middle of the body length, there is a nutritional hole, foramen nutricium, which leads to the distally directed nutrient channel, canalis nutricius.

Above the feeding hole on the lateral anterior surface of the body is the deltoid tuberosity, tuberositas deltoidea, - the site of the attachment of the deltoid muscle , m. Deltoideus.

On the back surface of the body of the humerus, behind the deltoid tuberosity, passes the furrow of the radial nerve, sulcus n. Radialis. It has a spiral course and is directed from the top to the bottom and from the inside to the outside.

Upper, or proximal, epiphysis, extremitas superior, s. Epiphysis proximalis. Thickened and bearing on itself a hemispherical head of the humerus , caput humeri, whose surface is facing inwards, upward and somewhat posteriorly. The periphery of the head is delimited from the rest of the bone by a shallow, annularly extending tapering - an anatomical neck, a collum anatomicum. Below the anatomical neck there are two tubercles on the anterior surface of the bone: on the outside there is a large tuberculum, tuberculum majus, and from the inside and a little in front there is a small tuberculum, tuberculum minus.

A similar crest stretches from each hillock; Crest of large tubercle, crista tuberculi majoris, and crest of small tubercle, crista tuberculi minoris. Coming downwards, the crests reach the upper parts of the body and together with the tubercles border a well-defined intercupyan furrow, the sulcus intertubercularis, in which the tendon of the long head of the biceps tendon of the shoulder lies, tendo capitis longi m. Bicepitis brachii.
Below the tubercles, at the border of the upper end and the body of the humerus, there is a slight narrowing-the surgical neck, the collum chirurgicum, which corresponds to the epiphysis zone.

Lower, or distal, epiphysis, extremitas inferior, s. Epiphysis distalis, compressed in anteroposterior direction. Its lower part is called the humerus of the humerus, condylus humeri. The humerus of the humerus consists of the head of the humerus of the humerus, capitulum humeri, from which the head of the radial bone joins, and the humerus block, trochlea humeri, which articulates with the blocky ulnar bone in the elbow joint .

On the anterior surface of the distal epiphysis of the humerus, the coronoid fossa is located above the block, fossa coronoidea, and above the head is the humerus of the humerus - the radial fossa, fossa radialis, on the posterior surface - the fossa of the ulnar process, fossa olecrani.

The peripheral parts of the lower end of the humerus end with the lateral and medial epicondyle, epicondylus lateralis and medialis, from which the muscles of the forearm begin.

From each supramuscular along the distal part of the diaphysis, respectively, the medial and lateral supracondylar crests, cristae supracondylares medialis et lateralis.

The medial epicondyle is more developed. On its rear surface is a furrow of the ulnar nerve, sulcus n. Ulnaris, and on the front there is a protrusion - a supracondylar process, processus supracondylaris (the radial flexor of the wrist begins from it).

The epicondyles and the groove of the ulnar nerve are well probed under the skin and can serve as bony landmarks.

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