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Right ventricle

The right ventricle , the ventriculus dexter, is delimited from the left anterior and posterior interventricular furrows on the surface of the heart; The coronal sulcus separates it from the right atrium. The outer (right) edge of the right ventricle is pointed and carries the name of the right margin, margo dexter.

Анатомия человека в картинках

The right ventricle is in the form of an irregular three-sided pyramid, whose base is directed upwards toward the right atrium, and the apex - down and to the left. The anterior wall of the cavity of the right ventricle is convex, the posterior one is flattened. The left, inner, wall is the interventricular septum, septum interventriculare; It is concave from the left ventricle, i.e. convex toward the right ventricle. The thickness of the wall of the right ventricle reaches 4-5 mm.
Анатомия человека в картинках

On the cross-section at the level of the apex of the heart, the cavity of the right ventricle is an elongated anteriorly posterior slit, and on the border of the upper and middle thirds it has the form of a triangle, the base of which is the interventricular septum that enters the cavity of the right ventricle. In the cavity of the right ventricle, two divisions are distinguished: the wider posterior cavity is actually the ventricular cavity and the narrower front.

The posterior part of the ventricular cavity, through the right atrioventricular opening, ostium atrioventriculare dextrum, communicates with the cavity of the right atrium. The opening from the right atrium is oblong-rounded.

On the inner surface of the posterior part of the cavity of the right ventricle there is a large number of muscle beams - fleshy trabeculae, trabeculae carnea, forming a dense network.

Анатомия человека в картинках

The anterior section of the cavity of the ventricle, the arterial cone, conus arteriosus, has a cylindrical shape and smooth walls. From the side of the outer surface it is convex. Its cavity in the upper part is limited by the tendon of the arterial cone, tendo infundibuli, and through the opening of the pulmonary trunk, ostium trunci pulmonalis, passes upward into the pulmonary trunk, truncus pulmonalis. Between the posterior and anterior parts of the right ventricle, the muscular shaft, the supraventricular crest, crista supraventricularis, arched from the atrioventricular aperture to the arterial cone is well pronounced.

On the circumference of the atrioventricular orifice, the endocardium is formed by the duplication of the inner shell of the heart - the right atrioventricular valve, valva atrioventricularis dextra, which prevents the reverse flow of blood from the right ventricular cavity into the cavity of the right auricle.

In the valves of the valve there is a small amount of collagen, elastic and muscle fibers; The latter are associated with the musculature of the atria.

The right atrioventricular valve is formed by three triangular valves, cuspides: a septal flap, cuspis septalis. Posterior sash, cuspis posterior, and anterior sash, cuspis anterior. All three valves project freely into the cavity of the right ventricle.
Of the three valves, a large, septate, is located closer to the septum of the ventricles and is attached to the medial part of the right atrioventricular opening. The posterior wing, smaller in size, is attached to the posterior armature of the same opening, and the smallest of all three valves - the anterior one - to the front of the opening and facing the arterial cone. Often, between the septum and posterior valves, there is a small additional tooth. Free edges of the leaflets have small notches.

To the free edges of the valves and to the lower surfaces are attached thin, unequal length and thickness of the tendon chords, chordae tendineae, which usually begin from the papillary muscles. Part of the tendon chords, mainly at the top of the ventricle, departs directly from the muscle layer of the ventricle (from the fleshy trabeculae, trabeculae carneae). A number of tendon chords that are not associated with papillary muscles are directed from the ventricular septum to the septum. Small portions of the free edge of the valves between the tendon chords are considerably thinned.

In the right ventricle, three papillary muscles are distinguished: the anterior papillary muscle, m. Papillaris anterior, permanent, large, extending from the anterior wall of the ventricle, and insignificant septal papillomavirus muscle, m. Papillaris septalis (may be absent), and posterior papillary muscle, m. Papillaris posterior. In addition, at the base of the anterior valve of the right perdriatic ventricular valve there is a fleshy projection - septa-marginal trabeculae, trabecula septomarginalis. Each of the muscles with its chords is connected with two adjacent leaves.

Анатомия человека в картинках

The hole of the pulmonary trunk is located in front and to the left, it leads to the pulmonary trunk, truncus pulmonalis. At the edges of the opening, three semilunar flaps formed by the duplication of the endocardium are attached: anterior. Right and left, valvulae semilunares anterior, dextra et sinistra; Their free edges protrude into the pulmonary trunk. All three flaps together form a valve of the pulmonary trunk, valva trunci pulmonalis.

Almost in the middle of the free edge of each flap there is a small unobtrusive thickening - a knot of a semilunar flap, nodulus valvulae semilunaris, from which a dense lunula of a semilunar flap, lunula valvulae semilunaris, leaves on both sides of the edge of the flap. Semilunar dampers form from the side of the pulmonary trunk of the recess - pockets, which together with the shutters prevent the reverse flow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the cavity of the right ventricle.

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