Hip Joint

The hip joint , articulatio coxae, is formed by the joint surface of the head of the femur, which is covered with hyaline cartilage all over, except for the fossa, and the acetabulum of the hip bone.

The acetabulum is covered with cartilage only in the region of the semilunar surface, and the rest is made with fatty tissue and covered with a synovial membrane. Above the notch of the acetabulum, the transverse ligament of the acetabulum is stretched, lig. Transversum acetabuli. On the free edge of the acetabulum and this ligament is attached the acetabulum, labrum acetabulare, which somewhat increases the depth of the acetabulum.

The joint capsule is attached to the hip bone along the edge of the acetabulum, on the femur is fixed along the intervertebral line, and behind it 2/3 of the neck of the femur is covered and does not reach the intervertebral ridge.

The ligamentous apparatus of the hip joint includes the following ligaments:

1. The ileum-femoral ligament, lig. Iliofemorale, is on the front surface of the hip joint. It starts from the inferior anterior iliac awn and is attached to the interstitial line. The ligament limits extension in the hip joint and participates in keeping the trunk in an upright position.

2. Frontal-femoral ligament, lig. Pubofemorale, goes from the top line of the pubic bone down, is weaved into the capsule of the hip joint, with some of the beams reaching the medial section of the interstitial line.

3. The sciatic-femoral ligament, lig. Ischiofemorale, begins on the front surface of the body of the ischium, is directed anteriorly and weaves into the capsule of the hip joint; Some of the bundles reach the fossa.

4. The circular zone, zona orbicularis, lies in the thickness of the articular capsule, in the form of a loop embracing the femoral neck, attaching to the inferior anterior iliac spine.

5. Bundle of the head of the femur, lig. Capitis femoris, is located inside the joint, is covered by the synovium. Starts with lig. Transversum acetabuli and attached to the fossa of the femoral head. In the thickness of the ligament vessels pass to the head of the femur.

The hip joint is a kind of globose joint - it is a cup-shaped joint.