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Swine Flu | Swine flu (A/H1N1, A/H1N2, A/H3N1, A/H3N2 and A/H2N3)
Symptoms - The main symptoms are the same as ordinary flu symptoms - headache, fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, runny nose.
Prevention - the purpose of primary prevention of risk categories of persons in Russia and abroad is carried out accelerated development of vaccines for the prevention of influenza on the basis of a specific strain of the pathogen. In the memo about the highly pathogenic avian influenza, WHO pointed to the need to exclude close contact with people who "seem to be unwell with a high body temperature and cough." We recommend thoroughly and frequently wash their hands with soap and water. "Stick to a healthy lifestyle, including good sleep, eating healthy food and physical activity." With proper heat treatment will kill the virus.
At the University of Southampton have established the role of bactericidal surfaces of copper and copper alloys against virus A/H1N1. For example, if within 24 hours on stainless steel surfaces remained about 500,000 units of the virus, then the copper surface after 1:00 was inactivated 75% of the total number of units of the virus, and after 6:00 active was only 500 units (0.075% of the original amount .) In Germany and the UK have already started production of household appliances and plumbing fixtures from the bactericidal copper alloys.
Treatment - In humans, can be formed grafted (by vaccination), and innate immunity.
Treatment of diseases caused by most strains of "swine flu" by using drugs Amantadine, Zanamivir, Oseltamivir and Rimantadine, which, however, have limited effectiveness.
Most of the known antiviral agents ineffective for diseases caused by mutated "Mexican" strain A/H1N1. Currently a full-fledged drug against this strain of A/H1N1 not exist - all existing medications can only ease the course of the disease, especially in its early stages (when the patient seeks medical help within 48 hours after onset of symptoms).
Do not use products that contain aspirin, due to the risk of Reye syndrome.
Epidemics caused by the H1N1 flu virus
Guidelines on prevention of influenza and other acute respiratory infections (ARI) - ARI - a large group of acute viral disease characterized by airborne transmission and primary lesion of the upper respiratory tract. Influenza is the most common acute respiratory viral disease, which feature an extremely rapid spread and severe intoxication. The mechanism of transmission of influenza virus - airborne. Influenza can lead to serious complications from pulmonary, cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Disease Prevention. Preventive measures are aimed primarily to improve the body's resistance to the action of agents of influenza and other ARI and ARI.
Effective, especially in times of increasing incidence, experts note the following prevention methods:
- Good nutrition with the inclusion of vitamins in their natural form;
- Hardening and the frequent airing of the premises;
- Use of bracing and tonic, immunomodulatory drugs and drugs targeted immunostimulating action.
General recommendations are highly sanitary areas, in particular: - Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after the visit;
- Cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief (or disposable wipes), especially when coughing or sneezing;
- The widely used alternative means of (folk) medicine, homeopathic medicines, oxolinic ointment.
What to look for:
- There are some clinical features of influenza in different age groups. Young children especially can appear neurotoxicosis symptoms (vomiting, cramps), even against a background of low-grade fever of the body. In the elderly against SARS exacerbated cardiovascular disease, chronic foci of infection are activated, which significantly affects the clinical manifestations of influenza.
- Diseases mainly begins acutely, of the manifestations of intoxication (fever, feeling of fever, severe headache, eye pain). The patient was concerned about the general weakness, aching lower back, rump, joint pain, muscle pain, sleep disturbance. Type of person attracted the attention of the patient: redness, puffiness, shiny eyes - all tear-stained face, it reminds the child. The incubation period for influenza ranges from several hours to 3 days.
- Mainly on the second day of illness there is a dry cough, trouble begins to chest pain. At 3-5 day cough becomes softer, there is a small amount of mucous expectoration. Nasal breathing is disrupted by swelling of the mucous membranes.
- For the first few hours the body temperature can reach 39-40 ° C and maintained at that level for 2-3 days. However, if the fever continues in the future, or it develops a second wave (just takes longer than 5-7 days), it shows the development of bacterial complications.
- Treatment of SARS and influenza is a complex issue, so it should identify the doctor. You do not need to self-medicate, it's dangerous! With timely and proper treatment of the disease ends in complete recovery.
Checklist for influenza type A/H1N1
The clinical signs of influenza A/H1N1:
headache,
muscle pain,
sore throat,
increased body temperature,
cough,
runny nose, nasal congestion,
in some cases - vomiting and diarrhea.
How do you get the virus of influenza A/H1N1?
From another infected person by airborne droplets, airborne dust by (viral particles are transported by air from a sick person to a healthy during the conversation, coughing, sneezing), at closely (finding a distance of about 2 meters)
How long a patient is infectious influenza A/H1N1?
Infectious period (the period when the patient is dangerous to others) with influenza type A/H1N1 may be within 7 days from the onset of the disease, but if clinical symptoms persist - prior to their disappearance
How to prevent infection with influenza A/H1N1?
- Avoid contact with people who have manifestations of influenza infection;
- To limit visits to places with large concentrations of people;
- Often ventilate the room;
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water;
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands;
- Avoid hugs, kisses and handshakes;
- Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing disposable nasal tissue, which immediately after use should be discarded;
- If a person has flu symptoms, you should stay away from him at a distance of not less than two meters
How to prevent the spread of influenza in children's institutions?
- During the epidemic rise of influenza in new pre-school children are not accepted;
- Translation of children excluded from group to group;
- Stop attending child care by others;
- In the pre-school institutions is of great importance in the daily inspection of their children came to her in the morning, and at the slightest sign of illness of children in the group will not be accepted;
- The room where children are present, should be well ventilated, they should be aired several times a day;
- Wet cleaning is necessary at least twice a day;
- Is necessary to observe good personal hygiene of children (frequent hand washing during the day);
- At the time of the epidemic (pandemic), staff of the facility must wear a gauze fl 'yazki;
- Staff of the facility should be vaccinated against seasonal influenza A H1N1, or (if the vaccine);
- Persons who have been in contact with the child, which has confirmed the diagnosis of influenza A H1N1, to a course of chemoprophylaxis with oseltamivir
- At the time of the epidemic (pandemic), child care centers are closed.
What parents need to know in order to prevent contamination of children's flu?
- Teach children to wash their hands frequently with soap and water for 20 seconds;
- Parents should also perform this procedure, which is a good example for children;
- Teach children to cough and sneeze into a tissue or arm;
- Parents should also perform this procedure, which is a good example for children;
- To teach children not to approach the patient is closer than one and a half - two meters;
- Sick children should stay home (not to attend preschools and schools);
- Children and parents to refrain from visiting places where people gather.
What should I do if my child has the flu?
- At the first signs of the disease a child must be put to bed and call a doctor;
- A sick child leave home, except when she needed urgent medical attention. Do not send children to school or preschool;
- With the flu dangerous to others and should be immediately isolated. Invalid their appearance in public transport, children's groups and other crowded places.
- The patient should be placed in a separate room or fenced screen, highlight his individual dishes, towel, personal hygiene items;
- Avoid contact with sick family members healthy, except for those who care for them;
- A person who cares for the sick, should be a two-layer gauze bandage or a disposable mask that must be changed every 4 hours. After each contact with patients should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water;
- Mask must be either a one-time, which after a change to throw into the basket, or multiple, which, after washing thoroughly with hot iron to iron;
- Conduct airing the room several times a day;
- Every day to do a wet cleaning house;
- The indoor air must be sufficient moisture;
- Have a single nasal tissues and napkins used for the basket within reach of the patient;
- A sick child comfortable. It is important to rest, bed rest;
- If the child has a fever, then it is necessary to give fever-reducing medication (acetaminophen or ibuprofen products), then call the doctor;
- Before the doctor arrived to give the child to drink plenty of fluids (juice, water, juice, juice, etc.);
- Should not engage in self-treatment. Appropriate medical treatment to the patient appoint a doctor!
What are the signs of the disease in a child should get immediate medical attention?
- Fast breathing or trouble breathing
- Cyanosis around the mouth, and other skin
- The appearance of hemorrhage in the child's body (even very small), epistaxis
- High body temperature
- The refusal of the child from drinking
- Inability to wake the child or the lack of response to treatment
- Excessive stimulation of the child or the occurrence of seizures
- The emergence of emesis, frequent loose stools
- Complaints of a child of a severe headache.
- Lack of urine or tears when crying.
Memo to prevent the spread of influenza A H1 N1 in private child care centers
I. Arrangements:- During the epidemic rise of influenza new children in institutions are not accepted;
- Translation of children excluded from group to group (from class to class;
- Stop access to child care by unauthorized persons
II. Sanitation requirements for the premises during the rise of influenza:
- Areas in which there are children should be well ventilated,
they need to be aired several times throughout the day;
- The indoor air must be sufficient moisture;
- Wet cleaning is necessary at least twice a day;
- Doorknobs, faucets in the sinks, toilets must surface several times a day processed disinfectant.
III. How to prevent infection with influenza A H1 N1?
- The entire staff of the facility should wash their hands frequently with soap and water;
- At the time of the epidemic (pandemic), staff of the facility must wear a gauze bandage;
- Outside child care personnel should avoid staying in crowded places, in contact with patients with influenza in human beings;
- The older children must be taught to wash hands frequently with soap and water;
- The older children must be taught to cough and sneeze into a tissue or arm. After that, necessarily throw the napkin in a basket, and wash your hands with soap and water.
V. Personnel actions upon detection of a sick child:
- At the first signs of the disease a child must be isolated and then immediately hospitalized;
- Before a child is hospitalized, avoid contact with her other children, staff, except those who care;
- A person who cares for a sick child should wear a respirator, or a two-layer gauze bandage or a disposable mask. Masks should be changed every 4 hours. Mask, a respirator should be closely adjacent to the face. After each contact with the patient, the replacement of the mask should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water;
- A sick child should have a separate bowl, toys and Pot
V. The actions of staff in the focus after the isolation of the patient:
- After the hospitalization of the child of his dishes, toys, pot should be washed with detergents, disinfectants;
- After being hospitalized child's bedding is not carried in his arms, after contact with the patient's clothes should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.
- Does not permit the employment of persons with symptoms of influenza;
- Staff of the facility should be vaccinated against seasonal influenza A H1N1, or (if the vaccine);
- Persons who have been in contact with the child, which has confirmed the diagnosis of influenza A H1N1, to a course of chemoprophylaxis with oseltamivir
