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Foot and mouth disease


Viral infection with specific lesions of the mucous membrane of the mouth, lips, nose, skin, in the interdigital folds and at the nail bed. Vobuditel - filtering RNA, containing a virus of spherical shape. Well conserved in the environment. FMD is affected by artiodactyl animals (large and small cattle, pigs, sheep and goats). In sick animals, the virus is secreted with saliva, milk, urine, manure. The susceptibility of man to the lizard is not great. Transmission ways are contact and food. From person to person, the disease is not transmitted.
Symptoms and course:
The incubation period is 5-10 days. The disease begins with chills, fever, headache, aches in the muscles, lower back, weakness, loss of appetite. After 2-3 days, dry mouth is attached, photophobia, salivation, soreness with urination are possible. On the reddened mucosa of the oral cavity appears a large number of small bubbles the size of millet grains filled with a yellowish liquid, after a day they spontaneously burst and form ulcers (aphthae). After opening the software, the temperature, as a rule, decreases somewhat. Speech and swallowing are difficult, increased salivation (separation of saliva). In most patients, vesicles - the vesicles may be located on the skin: in the end of the phalanges and fingers, in the interdigital folds. Accompanied by a burning sensation, creeping crawling, itching. In most cases, the nails are then dropped out. Aphids on the mucous membrane of the mouth, lips and tongue pass through 3-5 days and heal without leaving scars. Possible new rashes, delaying recovery for several months. Children often observe gastroenteritis.
Distinguish skin, mucous and skin-mucous forms of the disease. Often erased forms that occur in the form of stomatitis.
Complications: joining a secondary infection lead to pneumonia and sepsis.
Treatment:
Obligatory hospitalization for at least 14 days from the onset of the disease. There is no etiotropic therapy. Particular attention is paid to careful care of the patient, diet (liquid food, fractional food). Local treatment: solutions - 3% hydrogen peroxide; 0.1% rivanol; 0.1% potassium permanganate; 2% boric acid, infusion of chamomile. Erosions are extinguished with 2-5% solution of silver nitrate. In severe cases, the administration of immune serum and the administration of tetracycline or levomycetin are recommended.
Prevention:
Veterinary supervision of animals and food derived from them, compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards by farm workers.