Brucellosis

An infectious disease caused by brucella - small pathogenic bacteria. A person infected by domestic animals (cows, sheep, goats, pigs) in the care of them (veterinary workers, milkmaids, and so on.) Or by the use of infected products - milk, cheese seasoned small, poorly cooked or roasted meat. The causative agent, penetrating into the body through the digestive tract, cracks, scratches and other damage to the skin or mucous membrane, then spread on the lymphatic and blood vessels, which makes available the disease of any organ. The mesenchymal and connective tissue formed granulomas. At the site of attachment of the tendon muscle arise Education cartilaginous consistency (fibrositis) the size of a lentil and larger. They are the cause of pain in the joints, bones and muscles. Consequences of brucellosis can acquire stable and irreversible, causing temporary or permanent disability.
The incubation period is about 14 days. The body responds to infection increasing number of lymph glands, liver and spleen. In its current brucellosis can be acute (lasting 2 months.), Subacute (from 2 to 4-5 months.) And chronic, including relapses and generalization of infection (bacteremia) - lasts up to 2 years, sometimes longer.
Onset of the disease is manifested malaise, loss of appetite, poor sleep. Patients complain of pain in the joints, the lower back muscles. Body temperature is gradually (3-7 days) increased to 39 ± C, taking further wavy character. Sweat profuse, moisture of the skin, especially palms, is observed even when the temperature drops to normal.
After 20-30 days of the onset of the disease state of health of patients worsens, they amplify pain, mainly in the large joints - knee, then the hip, ankle, shoulder, elbow less. The size and shape of the joint varies, its contours are smoothed out, soft tissue surrounding it, become inflamed, swollen. The skin around the joint shines, may acquire a pink hue, sometimes observed the different nature of roseola-populeznye rash.
In the future, without the proper treatment of numerous disorders in the locomotor apparatus (joints, bones, muscles) are progressing, which is caused by the spread of infection (bacteremia). Picking up abnormal symptoms of the nervous system, patients become irritable, moody, even whining. Their torment neuralgic pain, sciatica, lumbago. Some observed genital lesions. In men, brucellosis can be complicated by orchitis, epididymitis. Women can adnexitis, endometritis, mastitis, spontaneous miscarriages. From the blood - anemia, leukopenia with lymphocytosis, monocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Helps carefully collected history, taking into account the epidemiological situation and the particular circumstances of infection, laboratory tests (picture peripheral blood, serum and allergic reaction). Confirm the diagnosis of special bacteriological tests. The disease must be distinguished from typhoid fever, sepsis, infectious mononucleosis, rheumatic fever. In all cases, you need to keep in mind it is typical for brucellosis complications such as orchitis.
The most effective sred1 stvom are antibiotics. Tetracycline 1 inside 4-5 times a day to 0.3 grams with night breaks for adults. The course of treatment at these doses up to 2 days the temperature normalization. Then, the dose is reduced to 0.3 grams 3 times per day for 10-12 days. Given the duration of treatment with tetracycline, resulting in allergic reactions may occur, a number of side effects and even the complications caused by the activation drozhepodobnyh Grizov Candida, antifungals administered simultaneously (Nystatin), desensitizing agents (diphenhydramine, suprastip) vitamins. Patients prescribed odnogruppnoy transfusions of blood or plasma. Spend vaccinotherapy, which stimulates the body's immunity to the pathogen, and helps overcome infection. 8 course consists of intravenous injections of therapeutic vaccines with 3-4 day intervals. Before the course of the patient experiencing a degree of sensitivity to the vaccine by observing for six hours reaction at the first trial injection that should be moderate, vaccinotherapy not be made in a shock reaction.
The attenuation stage ostrovospalitelnyh phenomena prescribe exercise therapy, paraffin applications on joints in the form of heat. When stable remission - spa treatment taking into account the existing contraindications.
It combines a series of veterinary and public health measures.
The farms necessarily marginalize animals suffering from brucellosis. Their slaughter and subsequent processing canned meat must be accompanied by aptoklaoirovaniem. The meat can be used and after cooking the food into small pieces for 3 hours or salting in brine with pyderzhivaiiem at least 70 days. Milk from cows and goats in areas where there are cases of cattle and sheep, and can be used only after boiling. All dairy products (yogurt, cottage cheese, yogurt, cream, butter) should be prepared from pasteurized milk. Cheese prepared from sheep's milk, is kept for 70 days.
For the prevention of occupational infections in the care of sick animals all precautions (wearing rubber boots, gloves and special gowns, aprons). Aborted fetus animal buried in the pit to a depth of 2 m, is filled with lime, premises disinfected. In the fight against the spread of brucellosis play an important role in animals vaccinated with special vaccines. Immunization of people is of limited value to other preventive measures.