Parotitis

Mumps (Mumps, mumps) - vysokozaraznoe acute infectious disease characterized by fever, general intoxication, lesions of the salivary glands, and sometimes sexual, and other glands and nervous system.
Cause. The causative agent - a virus, unstable outside the body, is destroyed by heat and ultraviolet rays.
The source of infection - the only person sick with bright signs of the disease or without them. The patient becomes infectious for 1-2 days before onset of symptoms of the disease and in the first 5 days of illness.
The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets.
The susceptibility to the disease is high. Most children get sick. Persons who suffer from male mumps 1.5 times more often than women.
The process of developing the disease. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract. Their mucous membrane and reproduces blood spreads throughout the body. The glandular organs and the nervous system, it finds favorable conditions for further breeding.
After suffering a disease of any severity develops persistent immunity to reinfection.
Signs. The incubation period lasts from 11 to 23 days.
Inflammation of the salivary glands. The patient has a fever, there is a malaise, headache, pain in the ear, worse when chewing, talking, dry mouth. At the same time or a little later appears swelling under one of the earlobes without changing the color or the local increase in temperature (inflammation of the parotid gland). Increased prostate occurs rapidly and within 3 days reaches a maximum. At this level of swelling is kept for 2-3 days, and then gradually, over 7-10 days, decreases. The body temperature reaches its maximum severity at 1-2 days of illness and lasts 4-7 days.
In 60% of cases are affected both parotid salivary gland. Usually 4-5 days after onset of the disease, when it starts a decrease in the affected gland swelling appears another parotid gland. Sometimes it affects the submandibular salivary gland.
In 25% of infected with the disease occurs without obvious signs of disease.
Inflammation of the testis and epididymis. Inflammation of the testis more often in adults - 20-35% of patients.
In most cases, 5-7 days of onset of body temperature again rises to 39-40 ° C, there are severe pain in the scrotum and testicles. The testicle increases, reaching the size of a goose egg, it becomes painful.
Inflammation of the testicle may be preceded by the defeat of the salivary glands, or occur simultaneously. Sometimes inflammation of the testicle develop in the absence of lesions of the salivary glands. In 3-17% of patients are affected both testicles.
In half of the cases (in the absence of a special treat) inflammation of the testicles in mumps in 1-2 months it causes a decrease in the weakening of the function. In the case of bilateral reduction of inflammation in the testicles after mumps often develops infertility.
The defeat of the central nervous system in mumps is one in ten children, boys 3 times more often than girls.
In most cases, 4 -7 day of illness there is a fever, the body temperature rises again to 39 ° C and above, there is a severe headache, vomiting. The patient develops inflammation of the brain membranes.
In 25-30% of patients develop inflammation of the meninges with the onset of inflammation of the salivary glands, one in ten may precede, and many patients can develop without destruction of the salivary glands.
Recovery from an inflammation of the meninges in mumps is slow.
In some patients, along with inflammation of the brain membranes develops inflammation of the brain, which is manifested by lethargy, drowsiness, impaired consciousness. Subsequently, they may have changes in the central nervous system in the form of behavioral disorders, headaches, seizures, deafness in one ear, visual disturbances.
Recognition of the disease. The diagnosis should always put the doctor, because the increase in the salivary glands can be confused with swelling of the neck with diphtheria, which requires immediate provision of emergency care to the patient in a Hospital for Infectious Diseases.
Treatment is usually carried out at home. Patients with central nervous system lesions and inflammation of the testicles are sent to the infectious diseases hospital.
Medications acting on the mumps virus does not exist.
Patients with inflammation of the salivary glands need bedrest, moderately milky liquid plant food, rinse the mouth after each meal.
When inflammation of the testis development required urgent hospitalization for effective treatment.
Prevention of disease. To create immunity to mumps vaccination provides children with 1.5 years. Vaccination is carried out once. It should be children, adolescents and adult men, without a history of mumps, and those who in the past it was not carried out.
Patients are isolated at home. Insulation stop after 9 days from the onset of the disease.
Children up to 10 years in contact with patients without a history of mumps, subject to dissociation for 21 days from the start of the contact with the patient.