Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome - an acute infectious disease characterized by selective lesions of the blood vessels and flowing with fever, intoxication and renal disease.
Cause. The causative agents of disease - sort of Hantaan virus, Puumala virus which includes in Europe and Hantaan virus in the Far East.
The sources of infection in the European part of Russia is the bank vole, the Far East - a field mouse, gray-sided vole and Asian wood mouse. Rodents virus isolated from feces and saliva.
Human infection occurs by inhalation of dust by inhalation of dried excreta of infected rodents in contact with grass and hay, where they live. Infection through food through products and through hands contaminated with secretions of rodents.
The susceptibility of people to disease high.
The disease is widespread in the forest zone of the world. Natural foci are located on the banks of ponds, in wet forests with tall grass. Infection usually occurs during hunting, fishing, hiking. The incidence recorded since the last decade of May to December.
A sick person is not contagious to others.
The process of developing the disease. Through the respiratory tract mucosa virus enters the bloodstream and affects vessels, causing their increased permeability. The result is a thickening of the blood, its coagulation is disturbed, edema and kidney damage.
An illness creates immunity to it.
Signs. The incubation period is 7-46 days.
The disease begins acutely with severe headache, localized mainly in the supraorbital and temporal areas, aches throughout the body, weakness, lack of appetite. There is a fever, which is replaced by a feeling of heat. Body temperature for a few hours up to 38-40o C and above. At the end of the first or second day of the disease in many patients with nausea and vomiting, which increases in intensity over the next few days, there is often a hiccup.
Body temperature is maintained constantly at high numbers in 3-5 days. At this time, the patient begins to bother abdominal pain and lumbar area, which will eventually increase. Often there is blurred vision. The patient is braked, he prefers to lie on his back. Face red and slightly puffy. The eyes are also red, sometimes on their mucous membrane are seen bleeding. the patient's face looks like a man who had just emerged from the bath. The skin is dry. Touching the lumbar region painful skin. It reduces the amount of urine.
At 4-6 days of illness the body temperature drops, but the patient's condition is not improving, but rather worsening, it decreases the amount of urine.
Complications. bud break.
Recognition of the disease. In the first days of her illness detection difficult. From flu and other acute respiratory diseases is characterized by the absence of lesions of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, cough, etc.). From acute intestinal infection - later appearance of abdominal pain and vomiting, which are further enhanced.
The main feature of the disease - a decrease in the amount of urine and the deterioration of the patient with the normalization of body temperature. Diagnosis of the disease is confirmed by special blood tests.
Treatment of patients is carried out only in the infectious diseases hospital. Supplementation cotrimoxazole (Biseptol, Bactrim and others.) And sulfonamides (sulfadimetoksin, sulfadimezin, norsulfazol et al.) Is contraindicated as enhances kidney disease.
Prevention of disease. Take protective measures against rodents while on nature: placed on dry gentle slopes without thickets of weeds, do not go to rest in the grass and bushes, product stocks stored on poles as tall 1.5-2 m or other, reach for rodents, location.