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Hydrocephalus


Excessive accumulation of fluid contained in the cavities of the brain and spinal canal. Hydrocephalus is congenital and acquired. It occurs when there is a violation of absorption, excessive formation of fluid in the cavities of the brain and difficulty in its outflow, for example, in tumors, adhesions after the inflammatory process.
Symptoms and course:
The condition is manifested by signs of increased intracranial pressure: headache (first of all), nausea, vomiting, violation of various functions: hearing, vision (the last sign of the symptom may be absent). The fontanel is bulging in young children. Depending on the cause that caused the disease, there are other symptoms.
Distinguish between acute and chronic phases of the disease. In the acute stage, the symptoms of the underlying disease that caused hydrocephalus appear in the chronic. - signs of hydrocephalus itself, which in the absence of treatment progresses. The disease can develop in utero, in this case they speak of congenital hydrocephalus. Children are born with a large head (up to 5070 cm in circumference at an average rate of about 34-35 cm), further, in the case of progressive dropsy of the brain, the circumference of the skull may become even greater.
The head thus takes the form of a ball with an outstanding forehead, the fontanels increase in size, swell, the skull bones become thinner, the cranial sutures part. A delay in the child's physical development is noted-later they begin to hold their head, sit down, walk, ; Visual acuity decreases, epileptic seizures are frequent, children lag behind in mental development. Later, after the fontanel closure, there are headaches, vomiting, as well as various symptoms, the nature of which depends on the location of the obstruction, which breaks the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.
Recognition:
The diagnosis of hydrocephalus can be made only in a hospital setting after carrying out various radiographic, radiological, computer studies, as well as examining cerebrospinal fluid.
Treatment is carried out first in the hospital.
In the acute phase, the medications that reduce intracranial pressure (lazix, mannitol, glycerin) are prescribed, the removal of small amounts of cerebrospinal fluid by puncturing the ferns to reduce intracranial pressure. In the future, continuous monitoring and treatment of a neurologist is necessary. In some cases, resort to surgery - to eliminate the cause of the violation of the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid or to the operation, as a result of which the cerebrospinal fluid is constantly discharged into the heart cavity or abdominal cavity, and other surgical methods. Without treatment, most children remain severely disabled or die at an early age.






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